本文選題：普通中小學(xué)　切入點(diǎn)：國家獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金制度　出處：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：國家獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金制度作為由國家主導(dǎo)、政府出資的直接贈(zèng)予性獎(jiǎng)勵(lì),是學(xué)生資助體系的重要組成部分,對學(xué)生的全面發(fā)展起到極大的激勵(lì)和引導(dǎo)作用。然而長期以來,我國的國家獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金制度在普通中小學(xué)階段一直處于空白狀態(tài),這種現(xiàn)象的存在并不合理,既不利于在普通中小學(xué)建立科學(xué)合理的激勵(lì)機(jī)制,也不利于從小培養(yǎng)拔尖創(chuàng)新人才,更不利于提升教育質(zhì)量和促進(jìn)教育公平。早在2006年,溫家寶就在國務(wù)院教育工作座談會(huì)上提出：“在高中教育階段,隨著國家財(cái)力的增強(qiáng),要進(jìn)一步加大獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金和助學(xué)金制度實(shí)施力度。”①2010年,財(cái)政部與教育部印發(fā)了《普通中小學(xué)國家助學(xué)金管理暫行辦法》中第十六條提到： “各級財(cái)政、教育部門要積極引導(dǎo)社會(huì)力量向普通中小學(xué)設(shè)立獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金�！笨梢妵覍用嬉呀�(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)到了獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金制度在普通中小學(xué)階段的重要性,但受到國家財(cái)力的限制而難以全面推廣,此后關(guān)于普通中小學(xué)階段建立獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金制度的工作一直沒有實(shí)質(zhì)性的進(jìn)展與舉措。而國際上很多發(fā)達(dá)國家與發(fā)展中國家均有較為完善普通中小學(xué)國家獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金制度,我國港澳臺(tái)地區(qū)政府也為當(dāng)?shù)仄胀ㄖ行W(xué)生設(shè)立了科學(xué)、全面的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金制度,這些制度經(jīng)過多年的良性運(yùn)行,為提升本國和本地的教育質(zhì)量做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn),為拔尖創(chuàng)新人才的識(shí)別與培養(yǎng)提供了重要參考標(biāo)準(zhǔn),并在很大程度上促進(jìn)了教育公平的實(shí)現(xiàn)。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,我國已經(jīng)具備了在全國普通中小學(xué)設(shè)立國家獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金制度的經(jīng)濟(jì)能力,并且普通中小學(xué)階段激勵(lì)機(jī)制不健全的問題已經(jīng)到了必須解決的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期,因此應(yīng)該盡快建立科學(xué)合理的普通中小學(xué)國家獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金制度。研究中綜合運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)法梳理了我國普通中小學(xué)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金制度的歷史與現(xiàn)狀,通過民國時(shí)期相關(guān)制度、政策法規(guī)的整理來總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn),同時(shí)借鑒了港澳臺(tái)地區(qū)的先進(jìn)做法,此外,對于美國、新加坡、英國、印度等國家的中小學(xué)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金制度進(jìn)行了整理與評價(jià)。運(yùn)用調(diào)查問卷法、訪談法對陜西省、甘肅省、四川省、河南省、吉林省、安徽省、廣東省、山東省、江蘇省、北京市以及上海市共計(jì)11個(gè)省級行政單位的部分中小學(xué)開展問卷調(diào)研,對個(gè)別被訪者進(jìn)行了深度訪談,了解學(xué)生、家長以及教師對中小學(xué)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金制度的需求、期望以及建議,結(jié)合激勵(lì)理論、人力資本投資理論、公共政策執(zhí)行理論以及教育公平理論對普通中小學(xué)國家獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金制度進(jìn)行需求判斷及可行性分析,并最終提出在我國普通中小學(xué)建立國家獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金制度的路徑與策略。從制度的價(jià)值取向、責(zé)任主體、評選方法以及規(guī)范設(shè)計(jì)幾個(gè)方面提出建議,以期構(gòu)建符合學(xué)生綜合素質(zhì)發(fā)展需要的普通中小學(xué)國家獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金制度,為引導(dǎo)和激勵(lì)學(xué)生健康成長、實(shí)現(xiàn)教育的終極目標(biāo)做出貢獻(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:The national scholarship system is an important part of the student financial aid system, which is a state-led and government-funded direct grant reward. It plays a great role in encouraging and guiding the students' overall development. However, for a long time, the state scholarship system has played an important role in encouraging and guiding the overall development of the students. China's national scholarship system has been in a blank state in the ordinary primary and secondary school stage, the existence of this phenomenon is unreasonable, which is not conducive to the establishment of a scientific and reasonable incentive mechanism in ordinary primary and secondary schools, nor to the cultivation of top-notch innovative talents from an early age. It is even more detrimental to improving the quality of education and promoting education fairness. As early as 2006, Wen Jiabao said at the State Council forum on educational work: "at the stage of high school education, as the national financial resources increase, "in 2010, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Education issued the interim measures for the Administration of State Grants for Primary and Middle Schools," as mentioned in article 16th: "Finance at all levels," Education departments should actively guide social forces to set up scholarships for ordinary primary and secondary schools. "it can be seen that the national level has recognized the importance of the scholarship system in the ordinary primary and secondary schools, but it is difficult to promote it fully because of the constraints of the state's financial resources," he said. Since then, there has been no substantial progress and initiative in establishing a scholarship system in ordinary primary and secondary schools. However, many developed and developing countries in the world have relatively perfect national scholarship systems for ordinary primary and secondary schools. The governments of Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan have also set up a scientific and comprehensive scholarship system for local ordinary primary and secondary school students. After years of healthy operation, these systems have made great contributions to the improvement of the quality of education both in China and in the region. It provides an important reference standard for the identification and cultivation of top-notch innovative talents, and to a large extent promotes the realization of educational equity. With the development of economy, Our country already has the economic ability to set up the national scholarship system in the national ordinary middle and primary schools, and the problem that the incentive mechanism is not perfect in the ordinary middle and primary school stage has reached a critical period that must be solved. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a scientific and reasonable national scholarship system for ordinary primary and secondary schools as soon as possible. In the study, the history and current situation of the scholarship system of ordinary primary and secondary schools in China are combed through the relevant systems during the period of the Republic of China. To sum up the experience and lessons from the collation of policies and regulations, and at the same time draw lessons from the advanced practices of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. In addition, we have collated and evaluated the scholarship system of primary and secondary schools in the United States, Singapore, Britain, India and other countries. Interviews were conducted in some primary and secondary schools in Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Henan, Jilin, Anhui, Guangdong, Shandong, Jiangsu, Beijing and Shanghai provinces, with a total of 11 provincial administrative units. We conducted in-depth interviews with individual interviewees to understand the needs, expectations and suggestions of students, parents and teachers for the scholarship system in primary and secondary schools, combining with incentive theory and human capital investment theory. The theory of public policy implementation and the theory of educational equity make a demand judgment and feasibility analysis on the national scholarship system of ordinary primary and secondary schools. And finally put forward the path and strategy of establishing the national scholarship system in the ordinary middle and primary schools of our country, and put forward some suggestions from the value orientation of the system, the main body of responsibility, the selection method and the standard design. The purpose of this paper is to establish a national scholarship system for primary and secondary schools which meets the needs of the development of students' comprehensive quality, so as to contribute to guiding and encouraging students to grow healthily and to realize the ultimate goal of education.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：G637
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本文編號：1577670