本文關(guān)鍵詞： 災(zāi)害教育 日本 中小學(xué)　出處：《西南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著社會環(huán)境和自然環(huán)境的極劇變化,威脅人們生命安全的因素也日益增多。08年汶川大地震、3-11日本大地震等這些突發(fā)的災(zāi)害讓我們認(rèn)識到生命的脆弱與寶貴。災(zāi)害作為影響人類可持續(xù)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵因素,也正引起人們越來越多的關(guān)注。日本作為災(zāi)害頻發(fā)國,對災(zāi)害的關(guān)注與研究由來已久。當(dāng)下日本面臨的災(zāi)害越來越復(fù)雜、多元化,所以推行災(zāi)害教育,尤其是通過學(xué)校實施系統(tǒng)的災(zāi)害教育是其降低災(zāi)害損失的有力舉措。在多年的實踐基礎(chǔ)上,日本形成了獨具特色的學(xué)校災(zāi)害教育體系。學(xué)校作為日本實施災(zāi)害教育的主陣地,在災(zāi)害教育目標(biāo)與內(nèi)容的規(guī)劃安排上,做到自上而下層層推進、詳盡且具體；在災(zāi)害教育的實施上,不斷創(chuàng)新災(zāi)害教育推進方式,保證知行合一；在災(zāi)害教育的實施保障上,整合了多方力量、法制規(guī)范、資源到位等。因此,本文試圖闡釋日本中小學(xué)災(zāi)害教育的內(nèi)容體系與實施途徑,并總結(jié)其實施經(jīng)驗和教訓(xùn),以期為改善我國學(xué)校災(zāi)害教育提供一定啟發(fā)。 本文重在系統(tǒng)分析日本中小學(xué)災(zāi)害教育的目標(biāo)與內(nèi)容體系(理論層面)、實施途徑(實踐層面),以期為完善我國學(xué)校災(zāi)害教育實施體系提供有益借鑒,論文共分六部分：導(dǎo)論部分,主要介紹選題緣由和意義,梳理己有的國內(nèi)外相關(guān)文獻,對“學(xué)校災(zāi)害教育”等重要概念進行了界定,并說明所采用的研究方法。第二部分從日本災(zāi)害多發(fā)的國情、災(zāi)害文化等呈現(xiàn)日本中小學(xué)災(zāi)害教育的背景。第三部分歸納了日本國家層面(文部科學(xué)省)與地方層面(以靜岡縣為例)對學(xué)校災(zāi)害教育目標(biāo)與災(zāi)害教育內(nèi)容的規(guī)劃。第四部分則總結(jié)并介紹了日本中小學(xué)災(zāi)害教育實施的幾大途徑——課程教學(xué)、防災(zāi)演練與實訓(xùn)、校外實地體驗學(xué)習(xí),并選取案例展現(xiàn)日本中小學(xué)災(zāi)害教育的具體落實。第五部分概述日本中小學(xué)災(zāi)害教育的立法保障,經(jīng)費保障,社會支持保障以及災(zāi)害教育的資源保障。第六部分基于以上對日本中小學(xué)災(zāi)害教育的分析,結(jié)合我國學(xué)校災(zāi)害教育的實施現(xiàn)狀,獲得有益于改善我國學(xué)校災(zāi)害教育實施低效率的相關(guān)啟示。
[Abstract]:With the dramatic changes in social environment and natural environment, the factors threatening people's life and security are increasing day by day. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. These sudden disasters, such as the 3-11 earthquake in Japan, have made us realize that life is fragile and precious. Disasters are the key factors affecting the sustainable development of mankind. Japan, as a disaster-prone country, has a long history of attention and research on disasters. At present, Japan is facing more and more complex and diversified disasters, so disaster education is carried out. Especially through the school implementation of systematic disaster education is its effective measures to reduce disaster losses. On the basis of many years of practice. Japan has formed a unique school disaster education system. As the main position of carrying out disaster education in Japan, the school can advance from top to bottom layer by layer in the planning and arrangement of disaster education objectives and contents, which is detailed and specific. In the implementation of disaster education, we should constantly innovate the way to promote disaster education and ensure the integration of knowledge and practice; In the implementation of disaster education, the integration of various forces, legal norms, resources in place. Therefore, this paper attempts to explain the Japanese primary and secondary schools disaster education content system and implementation approach. And summarizes its implementation experience and lessons in order to improve our school disaster education to provide some inspiration. This paper focuses on the systematic analysis of the goal and content system of disaster education in primary and secondary schools in Japan (theoretical level, implementation approach (practical level), in order to provide useful reference for improving the implementation system of school disaster education in China. The thesis is divided into six parts: the introduction part, mainly introduces the reason and significance of the topic, combs the domestic and foreign literature, and defines the important concepts such as "school disaster education". And explain the research methods used. The second part from the situation of disasters in Japan. The third part summarizes the national level of Japan (Ministry of Education and Science) and the local level (taking Shizuoka Prefecture as an example). Part 4th summarizes and introduces several approaches to the implementation of disaster education in primary and secondary schools in Japan-curriculum teaching. Disaster prevention exercises and practical training, out-of-school field experience learning, and selected cases to show the specific implementation of disaster education in primary and secondary schools in Japan. 5th part outlines the disaster education in primary and secondary schools in Japan legislative protection, funding security. 6th based on the above analysis of disaster education in primary and secondary schools in Japan, combined with the implementation of disaster education in schools in China. To obtain beneficial to improve the school disaster education implementation low-efficiency enlightenment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：G639.313

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