本文關(guān)鍵詞： 居住證制度 統(tǒng)一戶籍 勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)城鄉(xiāng)整合 人力資本 全樣本指數(shù)基準(zhǔn) 轉(zhuǎn)換回歸模型　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：2014年國(guó)務(wù)院公布《關(guān)于進(jìn)一步推進(jìn)戶籍制度改革的意見》,提出取消農(nóng)業(yè)、非農(nóng)戶口之分,建立城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)一的戶口登記制度。2015年第663號(hào)國(guó)務(wù)院令公布《居住證暫行條例》,在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)凡設(shè)區(qū)的城市建立居住證制度,以居住證為載體,條件性地在流入城市對(duì)流動(dòng)人口賦予公共服務(wù)和權(quán)利。自此,長(zhǎng)期作為城鄉(xiāng)分割標(biāo)志的舊戶籍制度宣告結(jié)束,以城鄉(xiāng)居民權(quán)利均等化、公共服務(wù)均等化為指導(dǎo)思想的新戶籍制度開始實(shí)施,這是中國(guó)改革上的一件大事,其對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)生產(chǎn)要素尤其是勞動(dòng)力要素的配置將產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。本文擬就這一戶籍制度改革對(duì)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)城鄉(xiāng)整合的影響進(jìn)行理論研究和實(shí)證檢驗(yàn),試圖回答以下問(wèn)題:戶籍制度的這一改革會(huì)以何種機(jī)理影響勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)城鄉(xiāng)整合;如何影響農(nóng)村流動(dòng)勞動(dòng)力的就業(yè)選擇;會(huì)對(duì)農(nóng)村流動(dòng)勞動(dòng)力的工資、社保產(chǎn)生怎樣的影響。全文共分七章。第一章為導(dǎo)言。第二章對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)梳理,著重介紹戶籍制度與勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)城鄉(xiāng)整合的相關(guān)研究成果。第三章就戶籍制度改革對(duì)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)城鄉(xiāng)整合產(chǎn)生影響的因素及機(jī)理進(jìn)行理論分析,著重分析制度變遷、人力資本、社會(huì)資本對(duì)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)整合的影響。第四章、第五章選取幾個(gè)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)——就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)、工資水平、社保參與率,對(duì)新戶籍制度的實(shí)際效應(yīng)進(jìn)行不同維度的實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)。第六章為政策建議。最后是本文的研究結(jié)論、不足之處和進(jìn)一步的研究方向。本文的主要研究結(jié)論如下:首先,在充分肯定新戶籍制度對(duì)打破城鄉(xiāng)分割,促進(jìn)公共服務(wù)均等化,消除城鄉(xiāng)勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)壁壘,減少勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)戶籍歧視等方面積極效應(yīng)的同時(shí),也要看到其作用的局限性。居民身份的城鄉(xiāng)分割與勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)分割畢竟是兩個(gè)不同范疇。在國(guó)外成熟的市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制中不存在城鄉(xiāng)居民身份等級(jí)差異,但仍存在“二元?jiǎng)趧?dòng)力市場(chǎng)”之分。就中國(guó)實(shí)際而言,新戶籍制度改革對(duì)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)城鄉(xiāng)整合的作用受制于四個(gè)因素:一是戶籍制度改革本身的局限性。不同城市設(shè)置了不同的門檻以獲得居住證及居住證上捆綁的權(quán)益,許多原“農(nóng)村戶口”身份的勞動(dòng)力難以跨越門檻擁有同樣的機(jī)會(huì)獲得遷移目標(biāo)城市的居住證及相應(yīng)的權(quán)益,戶籍制度改革后“形式上平等,實(shí)質(zhì)不平等”依然存在。二是勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)層級(jí)性限制。大量原本“農(nóng)業(yè)戶口”身份的農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力已經(jīng)流入二級(jí)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng),從二級(jí)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)向一級(jí)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)仍存在不因戶籍制度改革而消除的流動(dòng)障礙。三是人力資本差異。過(guò)去城鄉(xiāng)隔離造成的收入差距和仍在持續(xù)的城鄉(xiāng)有別的公共資源配置政策導(dǎo)致原“農(nóng)業(yè)戶口”勞動(dòng)力人力資本遠(yuǎn)低于“非農(nóng)戶口”身份的城鎮(zhèn)遷移勞動(dòng)者,導(dǎo)致他們?cè)趧趧?dòng)力市場(chǎng)中處于就業(yè)劣勢(shì)地位。四是社會(huì)資本差異。城市戶籍人口占據(jù)公共資源、公共服務(wù)的優(yōu)勢(shì)導(dǎo)致其對(duì)農(nóng)村流動(dòng)勞動(dòng)力的隔離排斥,使得農(nóng)村流動(dòng)勞動(dòng)力的社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)趨向低收入階層化,而低質(zhì)量的社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)他們?cè)趧趧?dòng)力市場(chǎng)中的就業(yè)、收入會(huì)產(chǎn)生不利影響。這些因素的阻礙作用,不會(huì)因戶籍制度改革而自動(dòng)消失。其次,采用轉(zhuǎn)換回歸模型對(duì)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)城鄉(xiāng)就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)差異中戶籍和人力資本的作用進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn),實(shí)證結(jié)果表明:戶籍制度改革并不能在就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)維度立竿見影地促進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)整合,“形式平等”的戶籍和教育依然限制原農(nóng)村流動(dòng)勞動(dòng)力進(jìn)入一級(jí)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng),城鎮(zhèn)勞動(dòng)者依然壟斷了一級(jí)部門的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì),原農(nóng)村流動(dòng)勞動(dòng)力高比例地處于二級(jí)部門;在勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)內(nèi)部,無(wú)論是一級(jí)部門還是二級(jí)部門內(nèi)部,城鎮(zhèn)勞動(dòng)者都以絕對(duì)的優(yōu)勢(shì)占據(jù)好的行業(yè)和職業(yè)類別,原農(nóng)村流動(dòng)勞動(dòng)力則依然蜷縮于差的行業(yè)、職業(yè)類別中。再次,采用Blinder-Oaxaca分解模型對(duì)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)中城鄉(xiāng)工資差異及兩大社保——醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)、養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)城鄉(xiāng)參與率差異中戶籍和人力資本的作用進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn),實(shí)證結(jié)果表明:“形式平等”的戶籍制度改革在工資維度促進(jìn)了城鄉(xiāng)整合,但沒有在社保維度促進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)整合,人力資本差異幾乎成為城鎮(zhèn)勞動(dòng)力和原農(nóng)村流動(dòng)勞動(dòng)力工資差異的唯一因素,而“形式平等”的戶籍和人力資本差異都成為城鎮(zhèn)勞動(dòng)力和原農(nóng)村流動(dòng)勞動(dòng)力兩大社保參與差異的重要因素�；谝陨涎芯拷Y(jié)論,本文提出了進(jìn)一步完善戶籍制度改革,推進(jìn)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)城鄉(xiāng)整合,改善農(nóng)村流動(dòng)勞動(dòng)力就業(yè)地位的政策建議。
[Abstract]:In 2014 the State Council promulgated "on further reform of the household registration system views", proposed the abolition of agricultural and non-agricultural household distinction, establish a unified household registration system in.2015 663rd, the State Council announced the "Provisional Regulations on the residence permit >, districts in the country where the city establish residence permit system to a residence permit as a carrier, conditional in the floating population into the city to give public services and rights. Since then, the old household registration system as a long-term urban-rural split sign came to an end, with equal rights for urban and rural residents, the equalization of public services for the new household registration system began to implement the guiding ideology, this is a major event in China reform, especially the factor of labor the configuration will have a profound impact on the urban and rural production factors. Theoretical research and empirical test of impact of the reform of the household registration system based on integration of urban and rural labor market Experience, trying to answer the following questions: the reform of the household registration system in what will be the influence mechanism of urban and rural labor market integration; how to affect the employment choice of rural labor mobility; the rural labor's wage, to the effect of social security. The thesis consists of seven chapters. The first chapter is introduction. The second chapter of the domestic and foreign related the research literature systematically, introduces the related research achievements of the household registration system and the labor market of urban and rural integration. The third chapter is the theoretical analysis of the reform of the household registration system of urban and rural labor market integration of the influence factors and mechanism, focuses on the analysis of institutional change, human capital, social capital affect the integration of the labor market. The fourth chapter, the fifth chapter several labor market index, jobs, wages, social insurance participation rate, the actual effect of the new household registration system is not the same dimension The empirical test. The sixth chapter is policy recommendations. Finally is the conclusion of this study, further research directions and the shortage. The main conclusions are as follows: first, in full recognition of the new household registration system to break the division between urban and rural areas, promote the equalization of public services, the elimination of urban and rural labor mobility barriers, reduce the labor market household discrimination etc. the positive effect at the same time, should also see its limited function. The division of urban and rural labor market segmentation and the identity of the residents are two different categories. There is no difference in the level of urban and rural residents of foreign mature market economy, but there are still two yuan labor market ". It Chinese actual, new the reform of the household registration system of urban and rural labor market integration is subject to four factors: one is the limitation of the reform of the household registration system itself. Different city set a different threshold In order to obtain a residence permit and residence permit bound the rights, many of the original rural hukou status of labor is difficult to cross the threshold have the same access to transfer target city residence and the corresponding rights and interests, the reform of the household registration system after the formal equality, substantial inequality still exists. The two level of the labor market is limited a large number of agriculture accounts. The identity of the rural labor force already flows into the two stage of labor market, two from the labor market to the level of the labor market is still not flow barriers are eliminated by the reform of the household registration system. The three is the difference of human capital. The income gap between urban and rural isolation caused by the past and are still in the different urban and rural public resources the allocation of policy led to the original "agricultural accounts" human capital is far lower than the "non account" the identity of the urban migrant workers, leading them in the labor market In the employment disadvantage. Four is the difference of social capital. The population of city occupied public resources, public services to the rural labor mobility advantage leads to the isolation of the rural labor movement makes the exclusion, social networks tend to low income, low quality of their social network in the labor market employment, income will be generated adverse effects. These factors hinder the reform of the household registration system, will not automatically disappear. Secondly, the household registration and human capital by switching regression model on the labor market of urban and rural employment opportunities for differences in test, the empirical results show that: the reform of the household registration system is not in the dimension of the immediate employment opportunities to promote urban and rural integration, "the form of equality" the household registration and education still limits the original rural labor mobility into a labor market is still a monopoly of urban workers Department of employment, the original rural labor mobility in high proportion in the two level internal departments; in the labor market, whether it is a department or two departments, urban workers overwhelmingly occupy good industry and occupation categories, the original rural labor mobility is still curled up in a poor industry occupation categories. Again, the Blinder-Oaxaca of urban and rural labor market wage differences in the two social security and medical insurance -- decomposition model of urban and rural pension insurance participation rate of household registration and the difference of human capital in the role of test, the empirical results show that: "the reform of the household registration system form equal" to promote the integration of urban and rural area in the wage dimension, but not in the promotion of urban and rural social security dimensions the integration of human capital differences become almost the only factor of urban labor and raw wage differentials of rural labor mobility, and "formal equality" household registration And the difference of human capital have become an important factor in urban labor and rural labor mobility in two social security differences. Based on the above conclusions, this paper proposed to further improve the reform of the household registration system, promote the urban and rural labor market integration, improve the rural labor employment status of the policy recommendations.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F249.2;D631.42

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5 楊彥e，

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