本文關(guān)鍵詞： 居住證制度 統(tǒng)一戶籍 勞動力市場城鄉(xiāng)整合 人力資本 全樣本指數(shù)基準(zhǔn) 轉(zhuǎn)換回歸模型　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：2014年國務(wù)院公布《關(guān)于進(jìn)一步推進(jìn)戶籍制度改革的意見》,提出取消農(nóng)業(yè)、非農(nóng)戶口之分,建立城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)一的戶口登記制度。2015年第663號國務(wù)院令公布《居住證暫行條例》,在全國范圍內(nèi)凡設(shè)區(qū)的城市建立居住證制度,以居住證為載體,條件性地在流入城市對流動人口賦予公共服務(wù)和權(quán)利。自此,長期作為城鄉(xiāng)分割標(biāo)志的舊戶籍制度宣告結(jié)束,以城鄉(xiāng)居民權(quán)利均等化、公共服務(wù)均等化為指導(dǎo)思想的新戶籍制度開始實(shí)施,這是中國改革上的一件大事,其對城鄉(xiāng)生產(chǎn)要素尤其是勞動力要素的配置將產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。本文擬就這一戶籍制度改革對勞動力市場城鄉(xiāng)整合的影響進(jìn)行理論研究和實(shí)證檢驗(yàn),試圖回答以下問題:戶籍制度的這一改革會以何種機(jī)理影響勞動力市場城鄉(xiāng)整合;如何影響農(nóng)村流動勞動力的就業(yè)選擇;會對農(nóng)村流動勞動力的工資、社保產(chǎn)生怎樣的影響。全文共分七章。第一章為導(dǎo)言。第二章對國內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)梳理,著重介紹戶籍制度與勞動力市場城鄉(xiāng)整合的相關(guān)研究成果。第三章就戶籍制度改革對勞動力市場城鄉(xiāng)整合產(chǎn)生影響的因素及機(jī)理進(jìn)行理論分析,著重分析制度變遷、人力資本、社會資本對勞動力市場整合的影響。第四章、第五章選取幾個勞動力市場評價指標(biāo)——就業(yè)機(jī)會、工資水平、社保參與率,對新戶籍制度的實(shí)際效應(yīng)進(jìn)行不同維度的實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)。第六章為政策建議。最后是本文的研究結(jié)論、不足之處和進(jìn)一步的研究方向。本文的主要研究結(jié)論如下:首先,在充分肯定新戶籍制度對打破城鄉(xiāng)分割,促進(jìn)公共服務(wù)均等化,消除城鄉(xiāng)勞動力流動壁壘,減少勞動力市場戶籍歧視等方面積極效應(yīng)的同時,也要看到其作用的局限性。居民身份的城鄉(xiāng)分割與勞動力市場分割畢竟是兩個不同范疇。在國外成熟的市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制中不存在城鄉(xiāng)居民身份等級差異,但仍存在“二元勞動力市場”之分。就中國實(shí)際而言,新戶籍制度改革對勞動力市場城鄉(xiāng)整合的作用受制于四個因素:一是戶籍制度改革本身的局限性。不同城市設(shè)置了不同的門檻以獲得居住證及居住證上捆綁的權(quán)益,許多原“農(nóng)村戶口”身份的勞動力難以跨越門檻擁有同樣的機(jī)會獲得遷移目標(biāo)城市的居住證及相應(yīng)的權(quán)益,戶籍制度改革后“形式上平等,實(shí)質(zhì)不平等”依然存在。二是勞動力市場層級性限制。大量原本“農(nóng)業(yè)戶口”身份的農(nóng)村勞動力已經(jīng)流入二級勞動力市場,從二級勞動力市場向一級勞動力市場仍存在不因戶籍制度改革而消除的流動障礙。三是人力資本差異。過去城鄉(xiāng)隔離造成的收入差距和仍在持續(xù)的城鄉(xiāng)有別的公共資源配置政策導(dǎo)致原“農(nóng)業(yè)戶口”勞動力人力資本遠(yuǎn)低于“非農(nóng)戶口”身份的城鎮(zhèn)遷移勞動者,導(dǎo)致他們在勞動力市場中處于就業(yè)劣勢地位。四是社會資本差異。城市戶籍人口占據(jù)公共資源、公共服務(wù)的優(yōu)勢導(dǎo)致其對農(nóng)村流動勞動力的隔離排斥,使得農(nóng)村流動勞動力的社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)趨向低收入階層化,而低質(zhì)量的社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)對他們在勞動力市場中的就業(yè)、收入會產(chǎn)生不利影響。這些因素的阻礙作用,不會因戶籍制度改革而自動消失。其次,采用轉(zhuǎn)換回歸模型對勞動力市場城鄉(xiāng)就業(yè)機(jī)會差異中戶籍和人力資本的作用進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn),實(shí)證結(jié)果表明:戶籍制度改革并不能在就業(yè)機(jī)會維度立竿見影地促進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)整合,“形式平等”的戶籍和教育依然限制原農(nóng)村流動勞動力進(jìn)入一級勞動力市場,城鎮(zhèn)勞動者依然壟斷了一級部門的就業(yè)機(jī)會,原農(nóng)村流動勞動力高比例地處于二級部門;在勞動力市場內(nèi)部,無論是一級部門還是二級部門內(nèi)部,城鎮(zhèn)勞動者都以絕對的優(yōu)勢占據(jù)好的行業(yè)和職業(yè)類別,原農(nóng)村流動勞動力則依然蜷縮于差的行業(yè)、職業(yè)類別中。再次,采用Blinder-Oaxaca分解模型對勞動力市場中城鄉(xiāng)工資差異及兩大社�！t(yī)療保險、養(yǎng)老保險城鄉(xiāng)參與率差異中戶籍和人力資本的作用進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn),實(shí)證結(jié)果表明:“形式平等”的戶籍制度改革在工資維度促進(jìn)了城鄉(xiāng)整合,但沒有在社保維度促進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)整合,人力資本差異幾乎成為城鎮(zhèn)勞動力和原農(nóng)村流動勞動力工資差異的唯一因素,而“形式平等”的戶籍和人力資本差異都成為城鎮(zhèn)勞動力和原農(nóng)村流動勞動力兩大社保參與差異的重要因素。基于以上研究結(jié)論,本文提出了進(jìn)一步完善戶籍制度改革,推進(jìn)勞動力市場城鄉(xiāng)整合,改善農(nóng)村流動勞動力就業(yè)地位的政策建議。
[Abstract]:In 2014 the State Council promulgated "on further reform of the household registration system views", proposed the abolition of agricultural and non-agricultural household distinction, establish a unified household registration system in.2015 663rd, the State Council announced the "Provisional Regulations on the residence permit >, districts in the country where the city establish residence permit system to a residence permit as a carrier, conditional in the floating population into the city to give public services and rights. Since then, the old household registration system as a long-term urban-rural split sign came to an end, with equal rights for urban and rural residents, the equalization of public services for the new household registration system began to implement the guiding ideology, this is a major event in China reform, especially the factor of labor the configuration will have a profound impact on the urban and rural production factors. Theoretical research and empirical test of impact of the reform of the household registration system based on integration of urban and rural labor market Experience, trying to answer the following questions: the reform of the household registration system in what will be the influence mechanism of urban and rural labor market integration; how to affect the employment choice of rural labor mobility; the rural labor's wage, to the effect of social security. The thesis consists of seven chapters. The first chapter is introduction. The second chapter of the domestic and foreign related the research literature systematically, introduces the related research achievements of the household registration system and the labor market of urban and rural integration. The third chapter is the theoretical analysis of the reform of the household registration system of urban and rural labor market integration of the influence factors and mechanism, focuses on the analysis of institutional change, human capital, social capital affect the integration of the labor market. The fourth chapter, the fifth chapter several labor market index, jobs, wages, social insurance participation rate, the actual effect of the new household registration system is not the same dimension The empirical test. The sixth chapter is policy recommendations. Finally is the conclusion of this study, further research directions and the shortage. The main conclusions are as follows: first, in full recognition of the new household registration system to break the division between urban and rural areas, promote the equalization of public services, the elimination of urban and rural labor mobility barriers, reduce the labor market household discrimination etc. the positive effect at the same time, should also see its limited function. The division of urban and rural labor market segmentation and the identity of the residents are two different categories. There is no difference in the level of urban and rural residents of foreign mature market economy, but there are still two yuan labor market ". It Chinese actual, new the reform of the household registration system of urban and rural labor market integration is subject to four factors: one is the limitation of the reform of the household registration system itself. Different city set a different threshold In order to obtain a residence permit and residence permit bound the rights, many of the original rural hukou status of labor is difficult to cross the threshold have the same access to transfer target city residence and the corresponding rights and interests, the reform of the household registration system after the formal equality, substantial inequality still exists. The two level of the labor market is limited a large number of agriculture accounts. The identity of the rural labor force already flows into the two stage of labor market, two from the labor market to the level of the labor market is still not flow barriers are eliminated by the reform of the household registration system. The three is the difference of human capital. The income gap between urban and rural isolation caused by the past and are still in the different urban and rural public resources the allocation of policy led to the original "agricultural accounts" human capital is far lower than the "non account" the identity of the urban migrant workers, leading them in the labor market In the employment disadvantage. Four is the difference of social capital. The population of city occupied public resources, public services to the rural labor mobility advantage leads to the isolation of the rural labor movement makes the exclusion, social networks tend to low income, low quality of their social network in the labor market employment, income will be generated adverse effects. These factors hinder the reform of the household registration system, will not automatically disappear. Secondly, the household registration and human capital by switching regression model on the labor market of urban and rural employment opportunities for differences in test, the empirical results show that: the reform of the household registration system is not in the dimension of the immediate employment opportunities to promote urban and rural integration, "the form of equality" the household registration and education still limits the original rural labor mobility into a labor market is still a monopoly of urban workers Department of employment, the original rural labor mobility in high proportion in the two level internal departments; in the labor market, whether it is a department or two departments, urban workers overwhelmingly occupy good industry and occupation categories, the original rural labor mobility is still curled up in a poor industry occupation categories. Again, the Blinder-Oaxaca of urban and rural labor market wage differences in the two social security and medical insurance -- decomposition model of urban and rural pension insurance participation rate of household registration and the difference of human capital in the role of test, the empirical results show that: "the reform of the household registration system form equal" to promote the integration of urban and rural area in the wage dimension, but not in the promotion of urban and rural social security dimensions the integration of human capital differences become almost the only factor of urban labor and raw wage differentials of rural labor mobility, and "formal equality" household registration And the difference of human capital have become an important factor in urban labor and rural labor mobility in two social security differences. Based on the above conclusions, this paper proposed to further improve the reform of the household registration system, promote the urban and rural labor market integration, improve the rural labor employment status of the policy recommendations.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F249.2;D631.42

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