發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-15 20:28

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：城市社區(qū)災(zāi)害彈性及其影響因素研究　出處：《華中科技大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 城市社區(qū) 災(zāi)害彈性 影響因素 廣州

【摘要】：我國(guó)幅員遼闊,各類災(zāi)害多發(fā)。社區(qū)是災(zāi)害響應(yīng)的第一現(xiàn)場(chǎng)和基礎(chǔ)防線。在社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展的背景下,災(zāi)害治理將面臨更加復(fù)雜和嚴(yán)峻的形勢(shì),單一依靠至上而下的政府行政力量難以有效控制災(zāi)害影響。近年來,我國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)化速度加快,城市容量急劇膨脹,如何使人口相對(duì)密集的城市社區(qū)提高災(zāi)害防控能力,成為一項(xiàng)非常緊迫的任務(wù)。災(zāi)害背景下社區(qū)彈性的研究,強(qiáng)調(diào)以社區(qū)為主體的災(zāi)害應(yīng)對(duì)能力構(gòu)建,對(duì)防災(zāi)減災(zāi)這一系統(tǒng)工程有著重要作用。國(guó)外學(xué)者在社區(qū)災(zāi)害彈性研究中已經(jīng)形成跨學(xué)科、多層次、綜合性較強(qiáng)的研究成果,但成熟的理論模型和框架非常有限。我國(guó)對(duì)于社區(qū)災(zāi)害彈性的研究剛剛起步,目前處于對(duì)國(guó)外理論進(jìn)行梳理分析的層面。現(xiàn)實(shí)需求和理論拓展成為本研究的主要?jiǎng)訖C(jī)和邏輯起點(diǎn)。本研究以2014年華南地區(qū)登革熱疫情爆發(fā)為背景,對(duì)城市中不同社區(qū)災(zāi)害彈性表現(xiàn)及其影響因素進(jìn)行探索。首先,通過對(duì)登革熱疫情重災(zāi)區(qū)廣州、佛山兩地相關(guān)政府部門和典型社區(qū)的田野調(diào)查,搜集并分析登革熱疫情爆發(fā)過程中社區(qū)災(zāi)害彈性表現(xiàn)的量化數(shù)據(jù)和質(zhì)性資料。結(jié)果顯示在相同或相近初始?jí)毫ο?不同社區(qū)在災(zāi)害過程中的彈性表現(xiàn)呈現(xiàn)出較大差異。然后選擇三個(gè)典型社區(qū)進(jìn)行單案例深度剖析和多案例對(duì)比研究,初步獲得了社區(qū)災(zāi)害彈性表現(xiàn)的相關(guān)影響因素,為理論研究提供了現(xiàn)實(shí)依據(jù)。其次,基于扎根理論對(duì)田野調(diào)查中采集的關(guān)鍵知情者(key informant)深度訪談文本進(jìn)行分析,通過開放編碼、主軸編碼、選擇編碼、理論飽和度檢驗(yàn)四大步驟,識(shí)別出城市社區(qū)災(zāi)害彈性影響因素為：社區(qū)內(nèi)的經(jīng)濟(jì)資本、社會(huì)資本、物理環(huán)境、人口特征和制度因素。在此基礎(chǔ)之上,構(gòu)建了城市社區(qū)災(zāi)害彈性影響因素模型,并進(jìn)一步通過文獻(xiàn)回顧界定了相關(guān)變量,將社區(qū)災(zāi)害彈性界定為包括社區(qū)預(yù)警響應(yīng)能力、災(zāi)后恢復(fù)能力、學(xué)習(xí)適應(yīng)能力的能力網(wǎng)絡(luò)；社區(qū)社會(huì)資本以社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)、信任和社區(qū)認(rèn)同為變量；社區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)資本以就業(yè)、收入、資產(chǎn)價(jià)值、健康保險(xiǎn)為變量;社區(qū)物理環(huán)境以自然環(huán)境、建筑環(huán)境和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施為變量；社區(qū)人口特征以教育程度、健康水平、脆弱群體和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識(shí)為變量；制度因素以政府投入與管理、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力、社區(qū)自治為變量。在此基礎(chǔ)之上,提出了本研究的理論假設(shè)。然后,基于問卷調(diào)查法,借助SPSS和AMOS軟件,通過描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)分析、信效度檢驗(yàn)、相關(guān)分析、SEM結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型分析,對(duì)城市社區(qū)災(zāi)害彈性影響因素模型進(jìn)行了實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)。結(jié)果顯示：社區(qū)社會(huì)資本對(duì)社區(qū)預(yù)警響應(yīng)、災(zāi)后恢復(fù)、學(xué)習(xí)適應(yīng)能力表現(xiàn)有顯著影響;社區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)資本對(duì)社區(qū)預(yù)警響應(yīng)、災(zāi)后恢復(fù)、學(xué)習(xí)適應(yīng)能力表現(xiàn)有顯著影響；社區(qū)物理環(huán)境對(duì)社區(qū)災(zāi)后恢復(fù)能力表現(xiàn)有顯著影響；社區(qū)人口特征對(duì)社區(qū)災(zāi)后恢復(fù)能力表現(xiàn)有顯著影響；制度因素對(duì)社區(qū)預(yù)警響應(yīng)、災(zāi)后恢復(fù)、學(xué)習(xí)適應(yīng)能力表現(xiàn)有顯著影響。最后,基于以上研究,給出了若干完善和優(yōu)化城市社區(qū)災(zāi)害彈性構(gòu)建的建議,并根據(jù)研究中的不足指出了今后的主要研究方向。本研究以城市社區(qū)為對(duì)象,以災(zāi)害彈性為內(nèi)容,為我國(guó)公共安全與危機(jī)管理研究開拓了新的視角。綜合實(shí)證調(diào)研和量化分析的成果,提出我國(guó)城市社區(qū)災(zāi)害彈性影響因素模型,將能更準(zhǔn)確的呈現(xiàn)城市社區(qū)災(zāi)害彈性相關(guān)的若干影響因素及其作用機(jī)理,提升現(xiàn)有模型的準(zhǔn)確性和實(shí)用性。深度訪談、案例研究和結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型等質(zhì)化和量化方法的使用,將豐富社區(qū)災(zāi)害彈性的研究手段和方法,提升對(duì)社區(qū)災(zāi)害彈性過程的研究水平。
[Abstract]:In our country, all kinds of disasters. The community is the first scene of disaster response and base defense. In the rapid development of economy and society under the background of disaster management will face more complicated and grim situation, relying on a single supreme executive power and the government is difficult to effectively control the impact of disasters. In recent years, China's urbanization speed, the rapid expansion of the capacity of the city, how to make a relatively dense population of city community to improve disaster prevention and control ability, has become a very urgent task. The research background of disaster elastic community, emphasizing the community as the main body of the disaster response capacity building, plays an important role in disaster prevention and mitigation of the foreign scholars in system engineering. Study on elastic community disaster has formed an interdisciplinary, multi-level, comprehensive research results, but the theoretical model and mature framework is very limited. China's community disaster resilience The research has just started, is currently analyzing the level of foreign theory. The practical needs and theoretical development has become the main motivation of this study and the logical starting point. Based on the outbreak of dengue fever outbreak in Southern China in 2014 as the background, the present and the influencing factors of different elastic sheet in City community disaster exploration. Firstly, based on the outbreak of dengue fever the hardest hit Guangzhou, Foshan field investigation between relevant government departments and the typical community, collect and community disaster elastic analysis of dengue fever outbreak in the quantitative data and qualitative data. The result showed that in the same or similar to the initial pressure, the elastic performance of different communities in the process of disaster shows a large difference. Then choose the comparative study analysis of single case depth and multi case of three typical communities, we obtained related factors of community disaster resilient performance, To provide a realistic basis for theoretical research. Secondly, based on the grounded theory of key field investigation in the acquisition of informed (key informant) depth interview, text analysis, encoding through open encoding, select the encoding theory, saturation test spindle, four steps to identify the factors affecting the city community within the community: a disaster resilient economic capital social capital, physical environment, demographic characteristics and institutional factors. On this basis, construct the model of factors of city community disaster resilience, and further through the literature review the definition of relevant variables, the elasticity is defined as including the community community disaster early warning and response capabilities, disaster recovery capabilities, learning ability to adapt to the network of community social capital; based on the social network, trust and community identity as a variable; community economic capital for employment, income, asset value, health insurance for community physical variables; Environment in a natural environment, building environment and infrastructure as a variable; the population of the community features in education, health, vulnerable groups and risk consciousness variables; institutional factors on government investment and management, leadership, community autonomy is variable. On this basis, put forward the theoretical assumptions of this study. Then, based on the questionnaire survey method with the help of SPSS software, and AMOS, through descriptive statistical analysis, reliability and validity analysis, correlation analysis, structural equation model of SEM, examines the influence factor model of city community disaster. The results show that the elastic response of community social capital of the community early warning, disaster recovery, learning adaptability performance has a significant impact; in response to community economy the capital of the community early warning, disaster recovery, learning adaptability performance has a significant impact on the community; community physical environment disaster recovery ability significantly influence the existing agency; Population characteristics have significant effect on the performance of community disaster recovery system; response factors on community early warning, disaster recovery, learning adaptability performance has significant effect. Finally, based on the above research, gives some improvement and optimization of city community disaster resilient building proposals, and pointed out the direction of future research according to the problems in the study. In this study, city community as the object, to a disaster resilient content, open up a new perspective for the study of public safety and crisis management in China. Comprehensive analysis of empirical research and quantitative results, proposes the model of influencing factors of China's city community disaster elasticity, will be able to present the city community disaster related effects of some elastic the factors and mechanism of more accurate, upgrade the accuracy and practicability of the model. In depth interviews, case studies and structural equation models of qualitative and quantitative methods. It will enrich the research means and methods of community disaster resilience to improve the research level on the resilience process of community disaster.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：D669.3;D632.5
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本文編號(hào)：1429944