本文關(guān)鍵詞：治理理論視域下我國(guó)科研機(jī)構(gòu)研究生教育體制改革研究　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 科研機(jī)構(gòu) 研究生教育體制 治理理論 協(xié)同創(chuàng)新 科教融合

【摘要】：“創(chuàng)新是一個(gè)民族進(jìn)步的靈魂,是一個(gè)國(guó)家興旺發(fā)達(dá)的不竭動(dòng)力”。當(dāng)今世界國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)日趨激烈,其焦點(diǎn)是人才的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。而創(chuàng)新型人才的培養(yǎng),靠的是教育,尤其是高端的研究生教育。我國(guó)的研究生教育的培養(yǎng)單位主要是高等院校和科研院所。新中國(guó)成立之后,我國(guó)科研機(jī)構(gòu)的研究生教育經(jīng)歷了長(zhǎng)足的發(fā)展,目前形成了整體規(guī)模較大、發(fā)展迅速、分布均衡的研究生培養(yǎng)態(tài)勢(shì),成為高層次創(chuàng)新型人才培養(yǎng)的重要單元。然而,隨著國(guó)家對(duì)創(chuàng)新型人才的需求不斷增加,我國(guó)的科研機(jī)構(gòu)研究生教育存在的問(wèn)題逐漸凸顯:政策扶持力度不足,制度保障乏力;“科教”協(xié)同滯后,人才培養(yǎng)鏈條不健全;研究生課程系統(tǒng)性不高,通識(shí)教育缺失,人才應(yīng)用性缺失;社會(huì)關(guān)注度不高,研究生生源存在不足等。本文對(duì)這些問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)性的分析,并總結(jié)了問(wèn)題背后存在的原因。為了解決這些問(wèn)題,本文重點(diǎn)分析了美國(guó)、德國(guó)、法國(guó)、日本等國(guó)的科研機(jī)構(gòu)研究生教育,總結(jié)了其特點(diǎn)和經(jīng)驗(yàn),歸納了國(guó)外的經(jīng)驗(yàn)對(duì)我國(guó)研究生教育改革的借鑒和啟示。在此基礎(chǔ)上,本文對(duì)我國(guó)科研機(jī)構(gòu)研究生教育體制創(chuàng)新的總體目標(biāo)和改革原則進(jìn)行了明確的闡釋和界定,并結(jié)合治理理論,進(jìn)一步提出了推進(jìn)我國(guó)科研機(jī)構(gòu)研究生教育體制創(chuàng)新的實(shí)踐路徑。最后,文章提出了把科研機(jī)構(gòu)的研究生教育整體并入合作高校成立“科教融合共建學(xué)院”的設(shè)想,并詳細(xì)闡述了共建學(xué)院的管理體制和培養(yǎng)機(jī)制。本研究的主要結(jié)論如下:我國(guó)的科研機(jī)構(gòu)的研究生教育,根據(jù)發(fā)展特征的明顯不同,可分為“開(kāi)創(chuàng)”、“建立”、“停滯”、“復(fù)蘇”、“規(guī)范”、“創(chuàng)新”等六個(gè)階段,目前科研機(jī)構(gòu)的研究生培養(yǎng)單位在全國(guó)研究生培養(yǎng)單位中約占總量的40%左右,也形成了一套行之有效的培養(yǎng)模式和管理制度。當(dāng)前,我國(guó)科研機(jī)構(gòu)研究生教育還存在一系列的問(wèn)題。在治理理論的分析框架下,政府角色的缺失是造成政策扶持力度不足、制度保障乏力、科教協(xié)同滯后的原因所在;高等院校角色的缺失是造成課程系統(tǒng)性不高的原因所在;企業(yè)等市場(chǎng)主體的角色缺失是造成人才應(yīng)用性缺失的原因所在。綜合國(guó)外科教協(xié)同創(chuàng)新的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)看,“科教結(jié)合、協(xié)同創(chuàng)新”使科研機(jī)構(gòu)和大學(xué)的各自?xún)?yōu)勢(shì)與特色得到充分發(fā)揮,讓大學(xué)和科研機(jī)構(gòu)等創(chuàng)新單元進(jìn)行全方位、多層次的緊密協(xié)同,實(shí)現(xiàn)共贏發(fā)展,是符合時(shí)代發(fā)展趨勢(shì)和科教發(fā)展規(guī)律的重要理念和先進(jìn)模式。國(guó)外的經(jīng)驗(yàn)對(duì)我國(guó)研究生教育改革有以下四點(diǎn)啟示:強(qiáng)調(diào)合作與開(kāi)放;教育體制變革:實(shí)現(xiàn)以研究型大學(xué)為主體的單軌制;管理理念變革:實(shí)現(xiàn)以科研機(jī)構(gòu)與大學(xué)等多方互動(dòng)的多元治理;政府推動(dòng)變革:通過(guò)合作獲取政府政策、制度的支持保障。在此這些分析的基礎(chǔ)上,本文認(rèn)為我國(guó)科研機(jī)構(gòu)研究生教育體制創(chuàng)新的總體目標(biāo)是構(gòu)建包含政府、科研機(jī)構(gòu)、高等院校等多元主體的協(xié)作型治理體制,重點(diǎn)是厘清科研機(jī)構(gòu)與高等院校分別在科研能力培養(yǎng)與教育規(guī)范管理方面的分工職責(zé),探索建立由科研機(jī)構(gòu)、高等院校共建的科教融合學(xué)院,實(shí)施研究生教育管理工作。改革原則包括:注重發(fā)揮科研特長(zhǎng),培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新能力;突出內(nèi)涵發(fā)展,強(qiáng)調(diào)教育規(guī)范;強(qiáng)調(diào)治理理念下的協(xié)同治理與合作治理原則。文章結(jié)合治理理論,進(jìn)一步提出了推進(jìn)我國(guó)科研機(jī)構(gòu)研究生教育體制創(chuàng)新的五點(diǎn)實(shí)踐路徑。文章最后假定把科研機(jī)構(gòu)的研究生教育整體并入合作高校,采用與合作高校“統(tǒng)一招生、統(tǒng)一管理、統(tǒng)一授予學(xué)位”的方式進(jìn)行真正意義上的整合,成立“科教融合共建學(xué)院”。本文最主要的創(chuàng)新是從公共治理理論的角度,揭示了我國(guó)科研機(jī)構(gòu)研究生體制改革的改革原則。注重發(fā)揮科研特長(zhǎng),培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新能力;突出內(nèi)涵發(fā)展,強(qiáng)調(diào)教育規(guī)范;強(qiáng)調(diào)治理理念下的協(xié)同治理與合作治理原則是我國(guó)科研機(jī)構(gòu)研究生教育改革基本原則。并基于國(guó)內(nèi)外科研機(jī)構(gòu)體制改革的實(shí)踐,提出深化我國(guó)科研機(jī)構(gòu)研究生教育體制改革的基本內(nèi)容。明確科研機(jī)構(gòu)“科學(xué)研究”的核心定位;明確將科研機(jī)構(gòu)研究生教育劃歸相應(yīng)高等院校管理;采取“多元合作”的方式組建科教融合學(xué)院;明晰科教融合學(xué)院中多元主體的角色定位;構(gòu)建“協(xié)同創(chuàng)新”的科研機(jī)構(gòu)研究生培養(yǎng)環(huán)境是我國(guó)科研機(jī)構(gòu)研究生教育體制改革的基本路徑。對(duì)“科教融合共建學(xué)院”的系統(tǒng)闡述,是本文最大的特色,也是未來(lái)科研機(jī)構(gòu)研究生教育改革較為可行的一個(gè)實(shí)踐途徑。
[Abstract]:"Innovation is the soul of a nation's progress, is an inexhaustible motive force for the prosperity of a country". In today's world of increasingly fierce international competition, the focus is the competition of talents. The cultivation of innovative talents depends on education, especially high-end postgraduate education. Training units of graduate education in China is the main universities and research institutes. After the new China established research scientific research institutions of China graduate education has undergone considerable development, has formed a whole large scale, rapid development, training situation of balanced students, become a important unit of new high-level personnel training. However, with the national demand for more and more innovative talents, gradually highlight the problems existing in the education of scientific research institutions in China: lack of policy support, system security is weak; "science and education" collaborative training lag, the chain is not perfect; research Postgraduate curriculum system is not high, the general lack of education, lack of talents; degree of social concern is not high, lack of graduate students. This paper carried out a systematic analysis of these problems, and summarizes the reasons behind the problem exist. In order to solve these problems, this paper focuses on the analysis of the United States, Germany. Research institutions in France, Japan and other countries of the postgraduate education, summarizes its characteristics and experience, summed up the foreign experience for reference and inspiration for Chinese postgraduate education. On this basis, the overall goal and the reform of graduate education system innovation of China's scientific research institutions and principles of clear explanation the definition, combined with the theory of governance, further put forward the practice path of promoting the scientific research institutions of China graduate education system innovation. Finally, the article made a study on the scientific research institutions of graduate education into colleges and universities set up overall cooperation "The idea of the integration of science and education to build a school", and expounds the construction of management system and training mechanism. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: the scientific research institutions of China's postgraduate education, according to the characteristics of the development of different, can be divided into "a", "building", "stagnation", "recovery", "norms", "innovation" six stages, the current research institutions graduate training units in the national postgraduate training units accounted for about 40% of the total, but also formed a set of effective training and management system. At present, the research institutions of China graduate education has a series of problems. In the framework of governance theory, the lack of the role of government is the result of policy support, system security is weak, and the reason for the lack of collaborative lag; higher education role is the cause of the curriculum system is not high In the enterprise; the main role of the market is the lack of reasons of lack of talents. The successful experience of foreign cooperative innovation and comprehensive view of "science and education, collaborative innovation" make their respective advantages and characteristics of scientific research institutions and universities and give full play to universities and research institutions innovation unit for all-round, close collaboration multi level, to achieve win-win development, an important concept is consistent with the trend and rule of the development of the times and advanced science and education development mode. The foreign experience has the following four enlightenments for Chinese Postgraduate Education: emphasizing cooperation and open; education reform: to research universities as the main body of the monorail system; management reform: in order to achieve the multi governance research institutions and University of multiparty interaction; Government Reform: access to government policy through cooperation, institutional support. Based on these analysis This paper believes that the overall goal, the innovation of education system of postgraduate scientific research institution of our country is constructed including the government, scientific research institutions, cooperative management system of colleges and universities and the multi subject, the key is to clarify in the cultivation of scientific research ability and education management responsibilities of scientific research institutions and institutions of higher learning, explore the establishment by scientific research institutions, science and Education School of higher education and the integration, the implementation of management of graduate education. The reform principles include: pay attention to the scientific research ability, innovation ability training; highlight the connotation development, emphasize the education standard; emphasize collaborative governance and cooperation governance principles of the concept of governance. Based on the theory of governance, further put forward five practical ways to promote scientific research institutions in China the innovation of education system of graduate students. Finally, taking research institutions of education incorporated in the overall cooperation and cooperation with universities, colleges and Universities "Unified enrollment, unified management, unified degree" means the integration of the true meaning of the establishment of "the integration of science and education to build a school. The main innovation of this thesis is from the perspective of public governance theory, reveals the reform of scientific research institution of our country graduate reform principles. Pay attention to the scientific research ability, innovation ability training outstanding; connotation development, emphasize the education standard; emphasize the cooperation governance and co governance principles of the concept of governance is the scientific research institutions of China graduate education reform. Based on the basic principles and practice of domestic and foreign research institutions reform, put forward the basic content of deepening scientific research institutions of China graduate education reform. Clear the core location of scientific research institutions" scientific research "; the research institutions of Graduate Education under the corresponding management of universities; take" cooperation "to form a Fusion Science Institute; Ming The role of multi subject clear Fusion Science in the college; construction of scientific research institutions in collaborative innovation "training environment is the basic path of scientific research institutions of China graduate education reform. This system of" integration of science and education to build a school ", is the biggest feature of this, but also the future of scientific research institutions of postgraduate education reform is feasible one way to practice.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G643

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