本文關(guān)鍵詞：我國優(yōu)秀擊劍運動員專項體能訓(xùn)練模式研究　出處：《首都體育學(xué)院》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：本文的研究目的旨在通過2012年倫敦奧運會、2016年里約奧運會的備戰(zhàn)實踐,梳理我國優(yōu)秀擊劍運動員專項體能訓(xùn)練現(xiàn)狀,構(gòu)建我國優(yōu)秀擊劍運動員專項體能訓(xùn)練模式,探尋我國優(yōu)秀擊劍運動員專項體能訓(xùn)練的有效途徑與方法,以提高我國優(yōu)秀擊劍運動員的專項體能水平。本文采用文獻資料法、問卷調(diào)查法、專家訪談法、德爾菲法、測試法、實證研究法、個案分析法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計法等綜合性研究方法對我國優(yōu)秀擊劍運動員專項體能模式進行研究,得出以下結(jié)論:1.擊劍項目制勝因素以“準(zhǔn)”為核心,“主動”、“先”為前提,強調(diào)動作的“快”與局面的“控制”;擊劍比賽以無氧供能為主,有氧供能為輔;擊劍專項體能訓(xùn)練主要發(fā)展能力是爆發(fā)力、位移速度、協(xié)調(diào)能力、反應(yīng)速度、動作速度,主要發(fā)展區(qū)域為核心區(qū)、深層小肌群、大腿前群、大腿后群、手腕與手指肌群,訓(xùn)練應(yīng)加強個體訓(xùn)練比重,強調(diào)準(zhǔn)備活動、結(jié)束部分的作用,并將傷病預(yù)防放在較為重要的位置。2.我國優(yōu)秀擊劍運動員專項體能訓(xùn)練模式構(gòu)建以系統(tǒng)論、控制論、運動訓(xùn)練學(xué)、康復(fù)醫(yī)學(xué)的相關(guān)理論為理論基礎(chǔ),遵循競技能力優(yōu)先原則、與專項相結(jié)合原則、區(qū)別對待原則、提升動作效率原則、訓(xùn)練結(jié)果及時反饋原則、動作設(shè)計符合人體功能特征原則。構(gòu)建的優(yōu)秀擊劍運動員專項體能訓(xùn)練模式以擊劍專項特征及體能定位為支撐,以指標(biāo)測試、起始評價、模式構(gòu)建、實踐運行、結(jié)果評定為主要環(huán)節(jié),以反饋調(diào)節(jié)為核心,以提高競技能力為目標(biāo),是總結(jié)訓(xùn)練實踐問題解決方案的有一定邏輯線索、相對穩(wěn)定的參照性樣式。3.我國優(yōu)秀擊劍運動員專項體能測試指標(biāo)包括基礎(chǔ)指標(biāo)(年齡、身高、體重、體成分)、素質(zhì)指標(biāo)(核心區(qū)類、速度類、力量類、耐力類、專項類)、身體功能指標(biāo)(FMS、YBT)、認(rèn)知功能指標(biāo)(簡單反應(yīng)時、注意力)及傷病指標(biāo)(肩關(guān)節(jié)、腰部、膝關(guān)節(jié)、踝關(guān)節(jié)、腕關(guān)節(jié))。通過初始診斷發(fā)現(xiàn):我國優(yōu)秀擊劍運動員總體表現(xiàn)為髖關(guān)節(jié)靈活度較差、核心區(qū)穩(wěn)定性較弱;傷病發(fā)生的主要部位為膝關(guān)節(jié)和腰部;傷病運動員的FMS總分與無傷病運動員有顯著性差異;FMS、YBT結(jié)合能有效預(yù)測傷病;FMS與認(rèn)知功能中的簡單反應(yīng)時和注意力顯著負(fù)相關(guān)性。4.我國優(yōu)秀擊劍運動員全隊專項體能訓(xùn)練實踐運行中,訓(xùn)練計劃的設(shè)計以競賽特征、專項特征及競技需求為支撐,立足于競技能力各組成要素中“揚長”�！皳P長”以素質(zhì)長板為基礎(chǔ),體能訓(xùn)練為依托,功能提升為補充,技術(shù)特長為目標(biāo)。5.我國優(yōu)秀擊劍運動員個體專項體能訓(xùn)練實踐運行中,訓(xùn)練計劃的設(shè)計從身體功能、一般體能、專項體能三方面層層遞進,立足于競技能力各組成要素中“補短”。“補短”以素質(zhì)短板為突破,功能改善為途徑,體能強化為保障,技術(shù)提升為重點。6.傷病運動員專項體能訓(xùn)練實踐運行中,訓(xùn)練計劃的設(shè)計從治療傷病、改善關(guān)節(jié)功能、減少肌力差距、增加神經(jīng)對肌肉的控制4方面層層遞進,立足于運動員比賽中“低損”。“低損”以關(guān)節(jié)勞損為切點,康復(fù)治療為渠道,功能訓(xùn)練為手段,恢復(fù)再生為目的。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this study is to prepare for the practice of the 2012 London Olympics, the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio, combing China's elite fencing athletes special physical training situation, construction of special physical training mode of Chinese Elite fencing athletes, effective ways and methods to explore China's elite fencing athletes special physical training, in order to improve the physical level of our country excellent fencing athletes. This paper adopts literature data method, questionnaire survey method, expert interview method, Delphi method, test method, empirical research method, case analysis, mathematical statistics, comprehensive research methods of Chinese Elite fencing athletes special physical model research, draw the following conclusions: 1. fencing winning factors of "quasi" as the core the "active" and "first" as the premise, emphasize the action of "fast" and "control" situation; fencing with anaerobic and aerobic energy supplement; special physical training of fencing major development ability is the explosive force, displacement, speed coordination, reaction speed, movement speed, the main development area the core area of small and deep muscles, thigh anterior group, hamstring, wrist and finger muscles, should strengthen the individual training proportion of training, emphasize the preparatory activities, the end part of the function, and injury prevention on In a more important position. 2. Chinese Elite fencing athletes special physical training mode based on the system theory, control theory, sports training, rehabilitation medicine theory as the theoretical basis, follow the priority principle, competitive ability and special combination principle, the principle of distinction, improve action efficiency principle, training results and timely feedback to accord with human body feature principle and the principle of action design. The construction of elite fencing athletes special physical training mode with special characteristics and positioning for fencing physical support to test, initial evaluation, model construction, practice, evaluation results as the main part in the feedback regulation as the core, in order to improve the competitive ability as the goal, is the solution to practical problems with training summary, logical clue the relative stability of the reference style. 3. Chinese Elite fencing athletes special physical fitness test index including basic index (age, height, weight, body composition, quality index (core area), speed, strength, endurance, special class), body function index (FMS, YBT), cognitive function index (simple reaction time, and concentration) the injury index (shoulder, waist, knee, ankle, wrist). The initial diagnosis found: China's elite fencing athletes overall performance for hip flexibility is poor, the core area of weak stability; the main parts of the injuries of knee joint and waist; there was significant difference in the total score of FMS and non injured athletes injured athletes; FMS, YBT combination can effectively predict injuries; FMS and cognitive simple reaction the function of the focus and a significant negative correlation. 4. Chinese fencing elite team of special physical training practice, design training program with special features and competitive demand, competition characteristics as the support, based on the competitive ability of the elements in our "". "Swagger" is based on the quality of the long board, relying on physical training, enhance the function of technical expertise, as the goal. 5. Chinese Elite fencing athletes individual special physical training practice, design training program from the body function, general fitness, three special physical fields based on the competitive ability of the elements in each other "". In order to improve the quality of the short board as a breakthrough, improve the function of way, strengthen the physical security, focusing on improving technology. 6., in the practical operation of special physical training for injured athletes, the training plan is designed from 4 aspects, namely, treating injuries, improving joint function, reducing muscle strength and increasing nerve to muscle control. "Low loss" with joint strain, rehabilitation treatment as the channel, functional training as a means to restore regeneration.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G885

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