本文選題：源 + 庫��； 參考：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：在葉片衰老的過程中,營養(yǎng)器官中的氮會(huì)活化后再轉(zhuǎn)移到籽粒中。這個(gè)過程受到各種因素的控制,如源庫關(guān)系、激素、土壤中的水分狀況和植株?duì)I養(yǎng)狀態(tài)等。籽粒氮的來源分為花前氮的轉(zhuǎn)移以及花后氮的吸收,這個(gè)過程與葉片的衰老關(guān)系密切。為更好的理解源庫關(guān)系對(duì)玉米葉片衰老和氮素轉(zhuǎn)移的調(diào)控機(jī)理,本研究設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)施了兩年田間試驗(yàn)和三年溫室試驗(yàn),主要研究結(jié)果如下：1)運(yùn)用15N標(biāo)記示蹤技術(shù),研究玉米花前氮和花后氮的動(dòng)態(tài)變化以及其與源庫調(diào)控的關(guān)系。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)：在吐絲后20天里,相對(duì)于花后氮的吸收,花前氮的轉(zhuǎn)移對(duì)籽粒氮的貢獻(xiàn)更大；隨著籽粒不斷灌漿,籽粒氮中來自花后氮的吸收比例逐漸增加。阻止授粉后,即使沒有籽粒建成,葉片中花前氮的轉(zhuǎn)移效率也能高達(dá)33%�！�5N示蹤結(jié)果表明,花前氮有62%轉(zhuǎn)移到籽粒中,而花后氮有76%到了籽粒中,這說明,相對(duì)于花前氮的轉(zhuǎn)移,提高花后氮的吸收更有可能增加籽粒氮積累。2)以1個(gè)農(nóng)家種和在1973年到2000年間中國主推的10個(gè)玉、米品種為材料,研究阻止授粉對(duì)不同年代玉米品種葉片衰老,花后干物質(zhì)積累,氮積累以及各器官氮轉(zhuǎn)移的影響。結(jié)果表明：與正常授粉處理比較,當(dāng)在吐絲期對(duì)玉米進(jìn)行套袋阻止授粉后,在生理成熟期時(shí),品種農(nóng)大60,沈單7,掖單13和鄭單958葉片延緩衰老；而對(duì)于白馬牙,丹玉、6,掖單2和先玉335來說,其葉片葉面積影響較�。幌喾�,中單2,丹玉13和掖單4,阻止授粉后,加快了葉片的衰老。從生理學(xué)角度,葉片氮轉(zhuǎn)移效率可以從一定程度上解釋不同品種葉片衰老速度對(duì)阻止授粉的響應(yīng)差異。3)以鄭單958和中單2為試驗(yàn)材料,通過兩年的溫室盆栽試驗(yàn),研究源庫關(guān)系對(duì)花后氮吸收及葉片衰老的影響,得出以下結(jié)論：鄭單958在阻止授粉后,葉片中協(xié)同衰老的蛋白酶-豆莢蛋白的基因ZmSee2β表達(dá)量顯著下調(diào),葉片衰老延緩,原因是在吐絲后,葉片中氮的輸入大于輸出。中單2在阻止授粉后,氮吸收在減少而蛋白質(zhì)分解速率提高,同時(shí)糖含量也有所增加,葉片衰老加快,其原因可能是存在著某個(gè)信號(hào)同時(shí)控制著葉片的衰老和氮的移動(dòng)。綜上所述,源庫關(guān)系能調(diào)控玉米植株干物質(zhì)和氮的積累,而植株葉片衰老和氮轉(zhuǎn)移對(duì)源庫調(diào)控的響應(yīng)有基因型差異。在保證花前施氮量滿足玉米正常生長的前提下,適當(dāng)增加灌漿期的施氮比例有利于籽粒氮的累積。源強(qiáng)或庫強(qiáng)減小,籽粒氮累積減少,因此合理調(diào)控源庫比是獲得高產(chǎn)的前提。
[Abstract]:During leaf senescence, nitrogen in vegetative organs is activated and then transferred to grains. This process is controlled by a variety of factors, such as source-sink relationships, hormones, soil moisture status and plant nutritional status. The source of grain nitrogen can be divided into pre-anthesis nitrogen transfer and postanthesis nitrogen absorption, which is closely related to leaf senescence. In order to better understand the regulation mechanism of source-sink relationship on senescence and nitrogen transfer in maize leaves, two years field experiment and three years greenhouse experiment were carried out in this study. The main results were as follows: 1) 15N marker tracer technique was used. To study the dynamic changes of preanthesis nitrogen and postanthesis nitrogen and their relationship with the regulation of source and sink. The results showed that the transfer of pre-anthesis nitrogen contributed more to grain nitrogen than post-anthesis nitrogen absorption during 20 days after silking, and the proportion of grain nitrogen absorbed from postanthesis increased with grain filling. After stopping pollination, even if no seeds were built, the efficiency of nitrogen transfer in leaves before anthesis was as high as 33.5N. The results showed that 62% of pre-anthesis nitrogen was transferred to grains, and 76% of post-anthesis nitrogen was transferred to grains. Compared with pre-anthesis nitrogen transfer, increasing post-anthesis nitrogen uptake was more likely to increase grain nitrogen accumulation (.2).) A farm species and 10 Chinese jade and rice varieties, which were mainly promoted from 1973 to 2000, were used as materials. The effects of stopping pollination on leaf senescence, dry matter accumulation after anthesis, nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen transfer in different organs of maize varieties were studied. The results showed that the leaves of Nongda 60, Shendan 7, Yedan 13 and Zhengdan 958 were delayed senescence at physiological maturity stage, compared with the normal pollination treatment, while the leaves of white horse tooth were treated with bagging and stopping pollination at silking stage, while the leaves of Nongda 60, Shendan 7, Yedan 13 and Zhengdan 958 were delayed senescence. The effect of leaf area on leaf area of Danyujian6, Yedan 2 and Xianyu335 was small, whereas Zhongdan 2, Danyu 13 and Yedan 4 accelerated leaf senescence after pollination was stopped. From the physiological point of view, the leaf nitrogen transfer efficiency can explain to a certain extent the different responses of leaf senescence rate of different varieties to stopping pollination. 3) Zhengdan 958 and Zhongdan 2 were used as experimental materials, and two years of greenhouse pot experiment were conducted. The effects of source-sink relationship on postanthesis nitrogen absorption and leaf senescence were studied. The following conclusions were drawn: after stopping pollination, the expression of ZmSee2 尾, a protease-pod protein gene, was significantly down-regulated in leaves of Zhengdan 958, and the senescence of leaves was delayed. The reason is that after spinning, the input of nitrogen in the leaf is larger than the output. After stopping pollination, nitrogen absorption decreased, protein decomposition rate increased, sugar content increased and leaf senescence accelerated, which may be due to the existence of a signal controlling leaf senescence and nitrogen movement simultaneously. In conclusion, the relationship between source and sink can regulate the accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen in maize plants, and the responses of leaf senescence and nitrogen transfer to the regulation of source and sink have different genotypes. On the premise of ensuring that the amount of nitrogen applied before anthesis can meet the normal growth of maize, it is beneficial to the accumulation of nitrogen in grain to increase the proportion of nitrogen applied at grain filling stage. As the source strength or sink strength decreased, the grain nitrogen accumulation decreased, so the reasonable regulation of the ratio of source to sink was the prerequisite for obtaining high yield.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S513

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