本文選題：生物有效性 + 生物可及性　； 參考：《中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：大骨節(jié)病(Kaschin-Beck disease)是分布于低硒帶上典型的地方性骨關(guān)節(jié)疾病。但對(duì)于局部地區(qū)來說,土壤低硒并不一定是大骨節(jié)病重災(zāi)區(qū),硒的生物有效態(tài)比例,尤其是水溶性硒在總硒中的占比更為關(guān)鍵。本文通過開展四川阿壩州、青海興海大骨節(jié)病高發(fā)區(qū)與青海平安富硒健康區(qū)等生態(tài)景觀典型地帶生態(tài)地球化學(xué)評(píng)價(jià),對(duì)大骨節(jié)病與生態(tài)地球化學(xué)環(huán)境的關(guān)系、與大骨節(jié)病有關(guān)的有益有毒有害元素分布與成因來源、遷移轉(zhuǎn)化及影響機(jī)制的進(jìn)行研究分析,旨在探討硒的生物有效性、生物可及性對(duì)大骨節(jié)病等生態(tài)效應(yīng)的控制。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),大骨節(jié)病多發(fā)的四川阿壩典型地區(qū)具有高F低Se以及低水溶性總硒的特征,腐殖酸態(tài)硒Humic(Se)是大骨節(jié)病對(duì)照區(qū)土壤中貢獻(xiàn)最大的土壤水溶性硒組分,其次是溶解性、流動(dòng)性較佳的硒酸鹽態(tài)硒Se(VI),并且有效P對(duì)腐殖酸態(tài)硒的進(jìn)一步活化起了促進(jìn)作用;而大骨節(jié)病區(qū)的土壤水溶性總硒由于亞硒酸鹽態(tài)硒Se(IV)而受限明顯,鐵氧化物/氫氧化物與有機(jī)質(zhì)很大程度上約束了亞硒酸鹽態(tài)硒Se(IV)的生物活性;在大骨節(jié)病高發(fā)的四川阿壩地區(qū)與青海興海地區(qū)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品安全性較為良好,但其中硒的含量普遍偏低,病區(qū)的主要農(nóng)作物(青稞、馬鈴薯等)對(duì)硒的富集效應(yīng)受土壤p H值、交換性Ca、交換性Mg等的強(qiáng)烈制約;此外,四川阿壩大骨節(jié)病區(qū)的居民日均攝入I、Se的量相比健康生態(tài)的青海平安-樂都地區(qū)偏低,且大骨節(jié)病發(fā)病區(qū)的居民較對(duì)照區(qū)的居民Se攝入明顯不足,且呈現(xiàn)低鈣高鍶的特征,大骨節(jié)病重病區(qū)的居民硒的暴露水平與蓄積水平與對(duì)照區(qū)相比也明顯不足。化學(xué)蝕變指數(shù)CIA與ICV指數(shù)的計(jì)算證明了阿壩地區(qū)土壤低硒水平很大程度上是對(duì)成土母質(zhì)的繼承。對(duì)于不同類型的土壤,元素地球化學(xué)行為的受制因素也有較大差異:如寒凍雛形土(M1)表層土壤硒Se(VI)的淋濾或下滲作用是硒生物有效性降低的主要制約因子。此外,山腰處的干潤均腐土(J2)由于降水作用導(dǎo)致表層土壤中Ca(HCO3)2協(xié)同易溶的K、Na、Cl、S或Se等鹽類不斷下滲淋失,而在低洼山谷或沉積區(qū)則殘留下Ca CO3、Mg CO3等在土壤膠體表面富集(鈣積現(xiàn)象);濕潤淋溶土(L4)典型的粘化層則是抑制Se(IV)活性的重要束縛因素;高原厭氧環(huán)境下的滯水潛育土(I2),有機(jī)質(zhì)含量豐富且沼澤泥炭發(fā)育、排水不良,這樣的酸性土壤水溶性總硒含量雖高,但高的腐殖質(zhì)含量也同樣可能致大骨節(jié)病,是大骨節(jié)病病區(qū)典型的自然地理特征之一。研究成果將為調(diào)控和改善低硒地區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境以及科學(xué)開發(fā)富硒地區(qū)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品提供依據(jù),具有重要的實(shí)際應(yīng)用價(jià)值和科學(xué)意義。
[Abstract]:Kaschin-Beck disease (Kaschin-Beck disease) is a typical endemic osteoarticular disease distributed in low selenium belt. However, for local areas, low selenium in soil is not necessarily the most serious area of KBD, and the proportion of available selenium in organisms, especially the proportion of water-soluble selenium in total selenium, is more critical. The relationship between Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) and ecological geochemical environment was evaluated in the typical areas of ecological landscape such as Aba Prefecture of Sichuan Province, high incidence area of Kaschin-Beck disease in Xinghai, Qinghai Province, and healthy area of Ping'an selenium rich in Qinghai Province. The distribution, origin, migration and transformation of beneficial toxic and harmful elements related to Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD) were studied and analyzed in order to explore the biological availability of selenium and the control of biological accessibility to KBD. It was found that the typical areas of Aba, Sichuan Province, where Kaschin-Beck disease occurs, have the characteristics of high F, low se and low water-soluble total selenium. Humic acid selenium Humic (se) is the most important component of water-soluble selenium in the soil of Kashin-Beck Beck disease control area, followed by solubility. Selenate se (VI) with better fluidity and effective P promoted the further activation of humic acid selenium, but the total water soluble selenium in the soil of Kashin-Beck disease area was obviously restricted by selenite se (IV). The biological activity of selenite se (IV) is restricted to a great extent by iron oxide / hydroxide and organic matter, and the safety of agricultural products in the high incidence of Kaschin-Beck disease in Aba area of Sichuan and Xinghai area in Qinghai Province is relatively good. However, the selenium content is generally low, and the enrichment effect of main crops (highland barley, potato, etc.) on selenium is strongly restricted by soil pH, exchangeable Caand exchangeable mg, etc. The daily intake of IfSe in Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD) area of Sichuan Province was lower than that in Pan-Ledu area of Qinghai Province, and the intake of se in Kaschin-Beck disease area was significantly lower than that in control area, and it was characterized by low calcium and high strontium. The level of selenium exposure and accumulation in the area of Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) was also significantly lower than that in the control area. The calculation of chemical alteration index CIA and ICV index proves that the low selenium level of soil in Aba area is largely inherited from the parent material. For different types of soils, there are also significant differences in the limiting factors of elemental geochemical behavior: for example, the leaching or infiltration of se (VI) in the surface soil of cold frozen embryonic soil (M1) is the main limiting factor for the reduction of the bioavailability of selenium. In addition, dry humic soil (J2) on the hillside resulted in the continuous leaching of Ca (HCO _ 3) _ 2 and soluble salts such as K _ (Na) C _ (3) S or se in the topsoil due to precipitation. However, in low-lying valleys or sedimentary areas, Caco _ 3, mg, CO _ 3 and so on are enriched on the surface of soil colloid (calcareous phenomenon), and the typical clay layer of wet leached soil (L _ 4) is an important binding factor to inhibit se (IV) activity. In the stagnant soil (I _ 2) in the anaerobic environment of plateau, the organic matter is abundant, the bog peat is developed and the drainage is poor. Although the water soluble total selenium content of such acidic soil is high, the high humus content may also cause Kaschin-Beck disease. Kaschin-Beck disease is one of the typical physical and geographical characteristics in the area of Kaschin-Beck disease. The research results will provide the basis for regulating and improving the ecological environment in the low selenium area and developing agricultural products in the rich selenium area scientifically, which has important practical application value and scientific significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S153

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 嚴(yán)明書;龔媛媛;楊樂超;周皎;張茂忠;鮑麗然;;重慶土壤硒的地球化學(xué)特征及經(jīng)濟(jì)意義[J];物探與化探;2014年02期

2 賈十軍;;安徽省富硒土壤評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及富硒土壤成因淺析[J];資源調(diào)查與環(huán)境;2013年02期

3 馬強(qiáng);姬丙艷;張亞峰;任文愷;代璐;黃秉雄;;青海東部土壤及生物體中硒的地球化學(xué)特征[J];地球科學(xué)進(jìn)展;2012年10期

4 姚振;田興元;姬丙艷;張亞峰;鄭朝亮;;西寧—樂都地區(qū)土地質(zhì)量地球化學(xué)評(píng)估[J];西北地質(zhì);2012年01期

5 姬丙艷;張亞峰;馬瑛;徐云甫;姚振;田興元;;青海東部富Se土壤及Se賦存形態(tài)特征[J];西北地質(zhì);2012年01期

6 秦勝超;張霞;;2008年阿壩州大骨節(jié)病監(jiān)測[J];預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué)情報(bào)雜志;2011年06期

7 黃慧;李富忠;鄧佳云;李津蜀;袁萍;;2005-2009年四川省大骨節(jié)病病情調(diào)查結(jié)果分析[J];預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué)情報(bào)雜志;2010年12期

8 許模;劉國;陳旭;黃繼;張曦;鐘金先;;川西北高原壤塘縣大骨節(jié)病區(qū)水環(huán)境微量元素分析[J];中國地質(zhì);2010年03期

9 許貴善;張力;馮昕煒;周學(xué)輝;苗小玲;晁生玉;張秉玉;;青海海西土-草-畜系統(tǒng)中微量元素的季節(jié)變化與盈缺分析[J];江蘇農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2009年06期

10 鄭云太;;色達(dá)縣歌樂沱鄉(xiāng)大骨節(jié)病監(jiān)測結(jié)果分析[J];中國當(dāng)代醫(yī)藥;2009年13期

，

本文編號(hào)：2085071