本文選題：牛疊肚 + 單鹽脅迫��； 參考：《沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：土壤鹽堿化是影響農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)以及生態(tài)環(huán)境的一個全球性問題。因此,如何改良和利用鹽堿化土壤已成為亟待解決的重要課題。研究證實,在鹽堿地引種經(jīng)濟型耐鹽植物,是解決土壤鹽堿化問題最有效的生物學(xué)措施之一。牛疊肚(Rubus crataegifolius Bge.)是我國東北地區(qū)廣泛分布的野生果樹資源,具有適應(yīng)性強,耐寒、耐旱、滯塵能力強等優(yōu)良特性,是果樹育種、城鎮(zhèn)園林綠化以及生態(tài)造林的良好經(jīng)濟樹種。為了充分發(fā)掘該樹種的資源優(yōu)勢,了解牛疊肚對鹽堿脅迫的生理適應(yīng)特性,本文以野生牛疊肚1a生組培苗為試材,盆栽模擬鹽堿脅迫環(huán)境,分別研究了四種單鹽(NaCl、Na2SO4、NaHCO3、 Na2CO3)和不同配比的混合鹽脅迫對牛疊肚幼苗生長及生理指標(biāo)的影響；探討了牛疊肚幼苗抗氧化系統(tǒng)和滲透調(diào)節(jié)物質(zhì)對單鹽和混合鹽脅迫的生理適應(yīng)特性,并從離子的吸收、運輸和分配角度闡述了牛疊肚的鹽堿適應(yīng)機制；通過統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法明確了鹽堿混合脅迫對牛疊肚幼苗的主導(dǎo)作用因素。主要研究結(jié)果如下：1.牛疊肚幼苗生長在堿性鹽(NaHCO3、Na2CO3)和堿性鹽比例較低的混合鹽(NaCl: Na2SO4:NaHCO3:Na2CO3=1:2:1:0, pH值8.24)處理下表現(xiàn)出“低促高抑”現(xiàn)象,而在中性鹽(NaCl、Na2SO4)和其它配比的混合鹽處理下其生長均受到不同程度的抑制；牛疊肚幼苗對NaCl、Na2SO4、NaHCO3、Na2CO3四種單鹽的耐受閾值分別為85.18mmol·L-1(0.50%,w/v)、40.77 mmol·L-1(0.58%, w/v)、171.00 mmol·L-1(1.44%, w/v)、 114.20mmol·L-1 (1.21%, w/v)。2.單鹽(NaCl、Na2SO4、NaHCO3、Na2CO3)脅迫和不同配比的混合鹽脅迫處理下,牛疊肚幼苗葉片的相對電導(dǎo)率均隨脅迫濃度的升高呈增加趨勢,并且在高鹽(≥120mmol.L-1)或高pH (NaCl:Na2SO4:NaHCO3:Na2CO3=9:1:1:9,pH值10.58)處理下,牛疊肚葉片的細胞膜透性遭到嚴(yán)重破壞。3. NaHCO3脅迫和不同配比的混合鹽脅迫處理下的牛疊肚葉片丙二醛(MDA)含量均較對照增加或顯著增加,而其它三種單鹽處理下的MDA含量則呈間斷累積。隨脅迫濃度的增加,四種單鹽脅迫處理下的牛疊肚葉片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性呈“先升高后下降”的趨勢,而過氧化物酶(POD)活性則呈“先下降后升高”的趨勢；不同配比的混合鹽脅迫處理下,牛疊肚葉片中POD活性均顯著增加,而SOD活性總體呈下降趨勢。研究表明,在單鹽脅迫下牛疊肚幼苗主要通過SOD和POD的互補作用來降低氧化傷害,而在鹽堿混合脅迫下主要通過提高幼苗體內(nèi)POD活性來減輕鹽堿傷害,以維持植株正常生理代謝。4,單鹽脅迫下,隨著脅迫濃度的升高,牛疊肚幼苗葉片可溶性糖、游離脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量均呈不同幅度的增加；在一價單鹽(NaCl、NaHCO3)脅迫處理下,牛疊肚幼苗主要通過可溶性糖、游離脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白的交替積累來發(fā)揮其滲透調(diào)節(jié)功能；在二價單鹽(Na2SO4、Na2CO3)脅迫處理下,可溶性糖、游離脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白的積累趨勢各異,其中,在Na2CO3脅迫條件下三者同步積累,共同發(fā)揮其滲透調(diào)節(jié)功能,而在Na2SO4脅迫處理下,牛疊肚幼苗主要通過可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白的彼此協(xié)同作用來降低鹽堿傷害。鹽堿混合鹽脅迫下,牛疊肚葉片中可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量均隨脅迫濃度的升高呈間斷性積累,而游離脯氨酸含量先緩慢上升后急劇增加,在整個滲透調(diào)節(jié)過程中脯氨酸發(fā)揮著主導(dǎo)作用。5,單鹽和混合鹽脅迫處理下,牛疊肚幼苗根、莖、葉中的Na+含量均顯著增加,而各器官中K+/Na+和Ca2+/Na+比值總體呈下降趨勢,但葉片中K+/Na+和Ca2+/Na+始終保持相對較高比值,這對于維持葉片正常的生理功能具有重要意義；中性鹽(NaCl、Na2SO4)和高濃度混合鹽脅迫下,牛疊肚幼苗優(yōu)先將Na+截留在莖部,而堿性鹽(NaHCO3、 Na2CO3)脅迫下N+主要積累在莖和根中,葉中Na+含量始終處于較低水平,這可能是牛疊肚幼苗適應(yīng)鹽堿脅迫的一個重要途徑。6.經(jīng)多元回歸分析表明,鹽濃度、[C1]、pH值是牛疊肚鹽堿混合脅迫的主導(dǎo)作用因素,可用株高生長量、相對電導(dǎo)率、丙二醛含量、葉綠素含量、可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量、可溶性蛋白含量、葉片中Na+、K=含量和K+/Na+比值等指標(biāo)來評價牛疊肚的耐鹽堿能力。
[Abstract]:Soil salinization is a global problem affecting agricultural production and ecological environment. Therefore, how to improve and utilize the salinized soil has become an important issue to be solved. It has been proved that the introduction of economic salt tolerant plants in saline alkali land is one of the most effective biological measures to solve the problem of soil salinization. Rubus crataeg Ifolius Bge. is a widely distributed wild fruit tree resource in Northeast China. It has the advantages of strong adaptability, cold tolerance, drought resistance and strong dust retention ability. It is a good economic tree for fruit tree breeding, urban landscaping and ecological afforestation. In order to fully explore the source advantage of this tree, the physiological adaptation of cattle tripe to saline alkali stress is understood. In this paper, the effects of four single salt (NaCl, Na2SO4, NaHCO3, Na2CO3) and mixed salt stress on the growth and physiological indexes of the young cattle were studied in the simulated saline alkali stress environment, and the antioxidant system and osmotic substances of the oxen seedlings were studied for single salt and mixed with 1a. The physiological adaptation of salt stress, and the salt alkali adaptation mechanism of ox tripe from the angle of ion absorption, transport and distribution, and the dominant factors of Salt Alkali Mixed stress to the tripe seedlings were clarified by statistical methods. The main results were as follows: 1. the seedling of 1. calf was grown in alkaline salt (Na2CO3) and alkaline salt ratio. The lower mixed salt (NaCl: Na2SO4:NaHCO3:Na2CO3=1:2:1:0, pH 8.24) showed a "low growth inhibition" phenomenon, while the growth of the neutral salt (NaCl, Na2SO4) and other mixed salts was inhibited in varying degrees. The tolerance threshold of the four single salt of NaCl, Na2SO4, NaHCO3 and Na2CO3 was 85., respectively. 18mmol L-1 (0.50%, w/v), 40.77 mmol. L-1 (0.58%, w/v), 171 mmol. L-1 (1.44%, w/v), 114.20mmol. L-1 (1.21%, w/v) stress and mixed salt stress treatment, the relative conductivity of the leaf slices of the bovine tripe seedlings increased with the increase of stress concentration. Under the treatment of mol.L-1) or high pH (NaCl:Na2SO4:NaHCO3:Na2CO3=9:1:1:9, pH 10.58), the cell membrane permeability of the leaves of bovine tripe was severely damaged by.3. NaHCO3 stress and mixed salt stress of different proportions, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the leaf of cattle was increased or significantly increased, while the MDA content under the other three single salt treatments was increased. With the increase of stress concentration, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the leaves of cattle tripe under four single salt stress treatments was "first increased and then descended", while the activity of peroxidase (POD) was "decreased first and then increased", and the activity of POD in the leaves of bovine tripe under the mixed salt stress treatment was all under the mixed salt stress treatment. The results showed that the activity of SOD decreased in general. The study showed that under the stress of single salt, the oxidative damage was reduced by the complementation of SOD and POD, and under the mixed stress of salt and alkali, the POD activity of the seedlings was mainly improved to reduce the salt alkali damage, and the normal physiological metabolism of the plant was.4, with the single salt stress, with the stress of the single salt stress. The content of soluble sugar, free proline and soluble protein in the leaves of bovine tripe seedlings increased in different ranges. Under the stress treatment of single salt (NaCl, NaHCO3), the seedlings of bovine tripe were mainly composed of soluble sugar, free proline and soluble egg white to play its osmotic regulation function in the two price list. Under the stress treatment of salt (Na2SO4, Na2CO3), the accumulation trend of soluble sugar, free proline and soluble protein was different. In the condition of Na2CO3 stress, the three people accumulated and played the function of osmotic regulation together. Under the stress of Na2SO4 stress, the seedlings of bovine tripe were mainly reduced to each other by the synergism of soluble sugar and soluble protein. Under the stress of salt alkali mixed salt, the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein in the leaves of cattle tripe showed intermittent accumulation with the increase of stress concentration, while the free proline content increased slowly and then increased rapidly. In the whole process of osmotic regulation, proline played a leading role of.5, under the stress of single salt and mixed salt, the cattle were stacked. The content of Na+ in root, stem and leaf of the seedlings increased significantly, while the ratio of K+/Na+ and Ca2+/Na+ in all organs decreased, but the ratio of K+/Na+ and Ca2+/Na+ in leaves remained relatively high, which was of great significance for maintaining the normal physiological function of leaves. Under the stress of neutral salt (NaCl, Na2SO4) and high concentration of mixed salt, the cattle were folded young. Miao Youxian intercepted Na+ in the stem, while alkaline salt (NaHCO3, Na2CO3) stressed that N+ accumulated mainly in the stem and root, and the Na+ content in the leaves was always at a low level. This may be an important way to adapt to salt stress in the seedlings of bovine tripe..6. through multivariate regression analysis showed that the concentration of salt, [C1], and pH are the leading role of the mixed salt stress of calf. The salt tolerance of cattle was evaluated by factors such as plant height growth, relative electrical conductivity, content of malondialdehyde, chlorophyll content, soluble sugar content, proline content, soluble protein content, Na+, K= content and K+/Na+ ratio in leaves.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S567.19
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本文編號：1958516