本文關(guān)鍵詞： 黃瑞香種子 休眠機(jī)理 內(nèi)源抑制物質(zhì) 激素 解除休眠　出處：《甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：黃瑞香(Daphne giraldii Nitsche.)為瑞香科瑞香屬(Daphne linn.)落葉灌木,其莖皮和根皮作為祖師麻入藥,民間廣泛用于治療跌打損傷、風(fēng)濕疼痛等癥狀。藥理學(xué)研究表明其具有鎮(zhèn)痛、抗炎、抗瘧、抗腫瘤等生物活性。但其種子具有深休眠特性,給人工種子繁殖造成困難,本文通過(guò)研究黃瑞香種皮結(jié)構(gòu)及透水性、種子各部分浸提液的生物測(cè)定和離體胚培養(yǎng)、胚的發(fā)育、內(nèi)源抑制物質(zhì)種類(lèi)等來(lái)探討種子休眠的原因;對(duì)種子進(jìn)行不同處理的激素浸種,尋找適宜的低溫層積方法,篩選能解除黃瑞香種子休眠的有效方法;對(duì)種子休眠解除過(guò)程中的貯藏物質(zhì)含量、內(nèi)源激素含量和與休眠有關(guān)的代謝酶活性進(jìn)行測(cè)定,以闡明種子休眠機(jī)理。研究結(jié)果歸納為以下幾點(diǎn):1.黃瑞香種子屬于綜合性的休眠類(lèi)型。當(dāng)種子外觀自然成熟時(shí)其胚卻尚未發(fā)育完善,這是黃瑞香種子休眠的根本原因;種皮結(jié)構(gòu)和透水性不是引起黃瑞香種子休眠的主要原因;黃瑞香種子的種皮和種胚中均含有種類(lèi)不同的萌發(fā)抑制物質(zhì)是引起其種子休眠的主要原因之一。2.黃瑞香種子的外種皮、內(nèi)種皮和種胚的水提液和醇提液對(duì)白菜種子萌發(fā)及白菜幼苗生長(zhǎng)均產(chǎn)生了抑制作用,且抑制作用隨著各浸提液濃度的增大而逐漸增強(qiáng)。3.采用系統(tǒng)溶劑法將黃瑞香種皮和種胚的甲醇浸提液分離得到各相溶液。種皮各相溶液對(duì)白菜苗高生長(zhǎng)和根長(zhǎng)生長(zhǎng)抑制強(qiáng)度較為相似,大致為:甲醇相乙酸乙酯相水相石油醚相≈乙醚相;種胚各相溶液對(duì)白菜苗高的抑制強(qiáng)度表現(xiàn)為:甲醇相乙醚相石油醚相≈乙酸乙酯相水相;對(duì)白菜根長(zhǎng)生長(zhǎng)的抑制強(qiáng)度表現(xiàn)為:甲醇相水相石油醚相≈乙醚相乙酸乙酯相。4.經(jīng)GC-MS分析,黃瑞香種皮和種胚中存在種類(lèi)不同的有機(jī)化合物,主要為有機(jī)酸類(lèi)、酯類(lèi)、烴類(lèi)及酮類(lèi)等物質(zhì)。相似度較大的化合物有:亞油酸、硬脂酸、乙酸、鄰苯二甲酸二丁酯、辛烷、十六甲基環(huán)辛硅氧烷、棕櫚酸甲酯、檸檬酸三丁酯、乙酰檸檬酸三丁酯、十四甲基環(huán)七硅氧烷、吡喃酮、油酸酰胺等。5.隨著室外自然層積時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),黃瑞香種胚中內(nèi)源ABA的含量呈下降趨勢(shì),GA3含量在層積后期有所增加,IAA的含量變化趨勢(shì)為先升高后降低,ZR的含量變化不大,GA3/ABA值在層積過(guò)程中緩慢增加,IAA/ABA值在低溫層積的中后期增大,ZR/ABA值在層積結(jié)束時(shí)增大,隨后種子休眠得到解除。6.黃瑞香種子的休眠解除生理研究結(jié)果表明,其種子休眠解除的過(guò)程與種胚內(nèi)貯藏物質(zhì)的代謝水平密切相關(guān)。在黃瑞香種子在不同的低溫層積過(guò)程中,隨著層積時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),可溶性糖的含量先升高后降低,可溶性蛋白質(zhì)逐漸降低,種胚中的淀粉和脂肪等主要貯藏物質(zhì)不斷降解,與代謝有關(guān)的過(guò)氧化物酶、酸性磷酸酯酶、葡萄糖-6-磷酸脫氫酶和6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脫氫酶的活性不斷增強(qiáng),促進(jìn)種子萌發(fā)的內(nèi)源激素的相對(duì)含量有所增加。7.黃瑞香的種胚各部分隨著自然層積時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)逐漸發(fā)育成熟,子葉細(xì)胞體積增大,由閉合轉(zhuǎn)為開(kāi)裂;胚芽增長(zhǎng)變圓潤(rùn);胚軸和胚根形成紋路清晰的維管區(qū)。層積后期時(shí)黃瑞香種胚各部分已發(fā)育完全,具備了萌發(fā)能力。室內(nèi)層積條件下的種胚在層積結(jié)束時(shí)胚軸發(fā)育不良,胚根較短。8.綜合各項(xiàng)研究認(rèn)為,進(jìn)行室內(nèi)層積時(shí)采用150 mg·L-1赤霉素(GA3)和30 mg·L-1細(xì)胞分裂素(6-BA)溶液浸種雖然對(duì)黃瑞香發(fā)芽有一定的促進(jìn)作用,但胚軸和胚根的發(fā)育相對(duì)自然層積方法而言發(fā)育不健全。因此每年10月下旬,在室外挖溝采用自然層積處理的方法較為簡(jiǎn)便、經(jīng)濟(jì)、安全。
[Abstract]:Huang Ruixiang (Daphne giraldii Nitsche.) as Thymelaeaceae Daphne (Daphne linn.) deciduous shrub, its stem bark and root bark as Zushima folk medicine, widely used in the treatment of traumatic injury, rheumatic pain and other symptoms. Pharmacological research shows that it has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial and antitumor activity. But the seed has deep the characteristic of dormancy, artificial seed breeding to create difficulties, through the study of Huang Ruixiang and water permeability of seed coat structure, each part of the seed extracts bioassay and in vitro embryo culture, embryo development, endogenous inhibitory substance types to explore the reasons of seed dormancy; hormone soaking for different treatments on seed, for low temperature deposition layer suitable, effective screening method to relieve Huang Ruixiang of seed dormancy; dormancy storage substance content in the process of seed dormancy and the content of endogenous hormones and metabolic enzyme activity have closed Determined to elucidate the seed dormancy mechanism. The research results are summarized as follows: 1. Huang Ruixiang seed dormancy belongs to comprehensive. When the seeds mature embryo has its natural appearance and development have not yet perfect, this is the fundamental reason of Huang Ruixiang seed dormancy; seed coat structure and permeability is not mainly caused by Huang Ruixiang seed dormancy; seed coat Huang Ruixiang and the embryo in the seed contains different kinds of germination inhibitory substance is mainly caused by the testa of seed dormancy of the seed of Huang Ruixiang.2., in the seed coat and embryo of water extracts and alcohol extracts were inhibited the seedling growth of Chinese cabbage and cabbage seed germination, and the inhibition increased with the the extract concentration increased.3. by systemic solvent Huang Ruixiang seed coat and embryo of the methanol extract obtained the solution. The solution of Chinese cabbage seed Miao Gaosheng The length and root growth inhibition intensity is similar, roughly as follows: methanol ethyl acetate phase is petroleum ether ether phase; the solution of embryo of cabbage seedlings high inhibition performance: methanol ether phase of petroleum ether phase was ethyl acetate phase; inhibition strength of cabbage root growth for methanol phase by GC-MS analysis of petroleum ether ether ethyl acetate phase is.4., there are different types of organic compound yellow Daphne coat and embryo, is mainly organic acids, esters, ketones and hydrocarbons and other substances. The compounds have larger similarity: linoleic acid, stearic acid, acetic acid, dibutyl phthalate, octane, sixteen symplectic methyl siloxane, methyl palmitate, citric acid butyl ester three, citric acid three butyl fourteen methyl siloxane ring seven, pyranones,.5. oleic acid amide with prolonging deposition time of natural outdoor, the embryo in Huang Ruixiang Endogenous ABA content decreased, GA3 content in the layer increased, the change trend of IAA content increased first and then decreased, the content of ZR changes little, GA3/ABA value increased slowly in the course of stratification, the value of IAA/ABA in the low temperature stratification in the late increase, ZR/ABA value in the stratification at the end increases. Then get the seed dormancy Dormancy Physiology research results show that the lifting of.6. yellow Daphne seed, the seed dormancy release process and metabolism of storage substances in embryos is closely related to the seed of Huang Ruixiang. In the different layers of the product in the low temperature process, with the extension of stratification time, the content of soluble sugar increased first and then decreased, soluble the protein decreased gradually, the main storage substance in seed embryo of starch and fat continuous degradation, metabolism and peroxidase, acid phosphatase, glucose -6- phosphate dehydrogenase and 6- phosphorus acid gluconic acid removal Hydrogenase activity increased, the relative content of endogenous hormones promote seed germination increased the embryo of.7. yellow Daphne along with the prolongation of natural stratification time gradually mature cotyledon cell volume increases, from closed to cracking; germ growth mellow; hypocotyl and radicle forming lines clear dimensional layer area. At the end of each part of the Huang Ruixiang product of embryo was fully developed, has the ability of germination. The embryo indoor layer under the condition of stratification at the end of hypocotyl dysplasia, radicle short.8. comprehensive study shows that indoor stratification used 150 mg L-1 gibberellin (GA3) and 30 mg L-1 cytokinin (6-BA) solution of Huang Ruixiang although germination has certain stimulative effect, but the relative growth of hypocotyl and radicle natural stratification method development is not perfect. So each year in late October, in the outdoor natural stratification at the ditch The method is simple, economical and safe.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S567.19

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