本文關(guān)鍵詞： 宏基因組學(xué) Geo Chip 微生物群落 人為擾動 土壤功能過程　出處：《清華大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：微生物是生物地球化學(xué)循環(huán)的主要驅(qū)動者,對甲烷、二氧化碳和氧化亞氮等溫室氣體的排放起調(diào)節(jié)作用。氣候變化影響微生物群落組成,而微生物所產(chǎn)生的溫室氣體、碳庫和氮庫的變化反過來調(diào)節(jié)氣候。因此,氣候變化與微生物之間形成環(huán)形的反饋機(jī)制。但是,微生物調(diào)節(jié)氣候變化的反饋機(jī)制尚不明確。另外,土壤類型是否影響微生物對種植植物和施肥的響應(yīng)還不清楚�；谝陨蠁栴},本論文研究了黑龍江海倫站的黑土、河南封丘站的潮土和江西鷹潭站的紅壤中的微生物群落組成。2005年,三個站點(diǎn)的土壤被相互移位,利用空間代替時間的概念模擬了環(huán)境變化。暨2006年起,每年在原位和移位土壤中種植玉米及施氮磷鉀肥。2009年,取黑土在原位和移位樣點(diǎn)中的裸土和種植玉米土樣,利用Geo Chip 3.0、變性梯度凝膠電泳和磷脂脂肪酸研究環(huán)境變化和種植玉米對微生物群落組成和功能基因的影響。結(jié)果表明,微生物功能基因多樣性、微生物生物量、土壤養(yǎng)分含量和氮循環(huán)功能過程都隨往南移位而增加。然而,土壤移位對微生物功能基因群落組成的影響被種植玉米掩蓋。2011年,取三種土壤在原位和移位點(diǎn)中的裸土、種植玉米和施肥的土樣,利用Illumina Mi Seq測序及Geo Chip技術(shù),研究細(xì)菌、真菌和功能基因群落的組成。得到如下試驗(yàn)結(jié)果:一,不同土壤類型的微生物生物量和群落組成明顯不同。土壤p H值、總磷、總鉀和年降雨量可以用于解釋微生物群落組成。種植玉米改變紅壤中的細(xì)菌組成和黑土中的真菌組成,但是對潮土中的微生物組成影響較小。二,施肥導(dǎo)致土壤酸化,黑土和紅壤中的微生物群落組成的改變與土壤p H值顯著相關(guān);然而,潮土中微生物組成沒有因施肥而改變,與土壤p H值也沒有相關(guān)性。三,真菌對環(huán)境變化的敏感性高于細(xì)菌。對2009年和2011年的樣品進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)裸土中的碳循環(huán)基因豐度與呼吸通量強(qiáng)烈相關(guān),氮循環(huán)基因與硝化潛力顯著相關(guān),為理解這兩個功能過程提供了機(jī)理解釋,增強(qiáng)了微生物群落在溫室氣體排放模型中的應(yīng)用潛力。
[Abstract]:Microbes are the main drivers of biogeochemical cycle, which regulate the emission of methane, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide. Climate change affects the composition of microbial communities. Changes in greenhouse gases, carbon and nitrogen pools produced by microorganisms, in turn, regulate the climate. Thus, there is a circular feedback mechanism between climate change and microbes. The feedback mechanism of microbes regulating climate change is not clear. In addition, it is not clear whether soil types affect the response of microorganisms to planting plants and fertilization. In this paper, the composition of microbial communities in the black soil of Helene station in Heilongjiang, the tidal soil in Fengqiu station in Henan Province and the red soil in Yingtan station in Jiangxi Province were studied. In 2005, the soil of the three stations was shifted to each other. The change of environment was simulated by the concept of space instead of time. Since 2006, maize and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were planted in situ and in shifting soil every year. 2009. Geo Chip 3.0 was used to take the bare soil of black soil in situ and in situ and maize planting soil samples. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and phospholipid fatty acids were used to study the environmental changes and the effects of maize cultivation on microbial community composition and functional genes. The results showed that microbial functional gene diversity and microbial biomass. Soil nutrient content and nitrogen cycling function increased with southward translocation. However, the effect of soil translocation on the composition of microbial functional gene community was masked by maize planting. 2011. The naked soil of three kinds of soils in situ and translocation sites were used to plant maize and fertilized soil samples. Illumina Mi Seq sequencing and Geo Chip technique were used to study bacteria. The composition of fungi and functional gene communities. The following results were obtained: first, the microbial biomass and community composition of different soil types were significantly different. Total potassium and annual rainfall can be used to explain the composition of microbial community. Maize can change the composition of bacteria in red soil and fungi in black soil, but have little effect on the composition of microorganisms in fluvo-soil. Soil acidification was induced by fertilization, and the change of microbial community composition in black soil and red soil was significantly related to soil pH value. However, microbial composition did not change with fertilization, and there was no correlation with soil pH. The sensitivity of fungi to environmental changes was higher than that of bacteria. The correlation analysis between 2009 and 2011 showed that carbon cycle gene abundance in bare soil was strongly correlated with respiratory flux. Nitrogen cycling genes were significantly correlated with nitrification potential, which provided a mechanism for understanding these two functional processes and enhanced the application potential of microbial communities in greenhouse gas emission models.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S154.3

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