發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-02 05:28

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： ‘富有’甜柿 柿砧 鹽脅迫 干旱脅迫 嫁接親和性　出處：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：‘富有’(Fu yu)甜柿是目前日本栽培面積大、產(chǎn)量高、品質(zhì)優(yōu)的柿樹品種。我國在上世紀(jì)80年代從日本引進(jìn)栽培,在我國甜柿也深受廣大消費(fèi)者的青睞,但至今在我國未能形成大規(guī)模經(jīng)營,其原因諸多,但最重要的原因是缺乏合適的砧木。生產(chǎn)上發(fā)現(xiàn),我國諸多砧木嫁接‘富有’甜柿?xí)r,表現(xiàn)出成抗逆性差,成活率低、嫁接親和性低以致最終導(dǎo)致死亡的問題,因此選擇適合‘富有’的優(yōu)良砧木己成為我國迅速推廣‘富有’甜柿的關(guān)鍵問題,其中砧木的抗逆性與嫁接親和性選擇是問題的關(guān)鍵。本研究以柿屬3個(gè)柿種為試驗(yàn)材料,采用不同濃度鹽溶液和自然持續(xù)干旱脅迫的方法,分別研究了耐鹽性和抗旱性的差異,采用生理、生化結(jié)合形態(tài)指標(biāo),利用數(shù)學(xué)多元統(tǒng)計(jì)分析方法與隸屬函數(shù)法進(jìn)行了柿砧資源的抗性綜合評價(jià);同時(shí),對3個(gè)柿種12份柿砧進(jìn)行了與‘富有’嫁接親和性的研究。獲得的主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.以3個(gè)柿種砧木(10份君遷子資源、野柿869和美洲柿844)種子為材料,研究不同鹽濃度對不同柿種砧木種子的萌發(fā)影響。經(jīng)過0.0%、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%和2.0%NaCl溶液處理后得到了30 d內(nèi)種子的萌發(fā)率等數(shù)據(jù)。結(jié)果表明:0.0%NaCl(對照)溶液處理30 d后3個(gè)柿種中野柿869的萌發(fā)率最高,依次為君遷子852、美洲柿844,其余的9份君遷子萌發(fā)率低于前三者;0.5%NaCl溶液處理后野柿869萌發(fā)率最高,鹽濃度達(dá)到1.0%時(shí),君遷子852萌發(fā)率最高。當(dāng)鹽濃度達(dá)到1.5%-2.0%時(shí),所有柿砧種子均未萌發(fā)。通過種子復(fù)水試驗(yàn),發(fā)現(xiàn)所有鹽濃度處理下未萌發(fā)的種子開始萌發(fā),說明柿砧種子經(jīng)過高鹽溶液處理后種子的萌發(fā)是可逆的。3個(gè)柿種種子在鹽脅迫下種間比較,野柿869耐鹽性最好,君遷子居中,美洲柿844耐鹽性最差;而種內(nèi)10份君遷子材料中852與824的耐鹽性較好,耐鹽性最差的是849和847。2.采用不同濃度NaCl溶液對12份柿砧資源幼苗(苗齡約90 d的苗子)進(jìn)行處理,通過16項(xiàng)生理指標(biāo)測定,應(yīng)用主成分和隸屬函數(shù)分析法對柿砧耐鹽性進(jìn)行綜合評價(jià)。結(jié)果表明美洲柿844是最耐鹽柿種,隨后是野柿869,10份君遷子資源在3個(gè)柿種中耐鹽性較差,但10份君遷子資源中有3份耐鹽較好的資源(824、846和847)。3.選用美洲柿844、野柿869和3份君遷子(824、846和847)90 d的盆栽幼苗為試材,采用不同濃度NaCl溶液處理25 d后進(jìn)行不同柿種砧木耐鹽性比較,測定了不同濃度鹽溶液處理后5份柿砧幼苗生長、光合系統(tǒng)、膜脂過氧化、抗氧化系統(tǒng)等的變化。結(jié)果表明:鹽脅迫后,從植株的生長、生物量積累、葉片的形態(tài)變化,鹽害指數(shù)同時(shí)結(jié)合生理指標(biāo)測定初步判斷,美洲柿844耐鹽性高于野柿869,野柿869又高于君遷子;3份君遷子資源的耐鹽性在3個(gè)柿種中最低。4.以美洲柿844、野柿869和3份君遷子資源(824、846和847)的1年生盆栽幼苗為試材,進(jìn)行了不同柿種砧木抗旱性比較,干旱持續(xù)脅迫20 d,在此期間測定了3個(gè)柿種5份柿砧幼苗的凈光合速率、光合參數(shù)、膜脂過氧化、抗氧化系統(tǒng)等的變化。干旱脅迫后,5份柿砧幼苗的葉片、根系、植株的生長明顯受到抑制,綜合形態(tài)變化、生理指標(biāo)測定以及干旱脅迫傷害率調(diào)查,結(jié)果表明:5份柿砧幼苗中,美洲柿844耐旱性高于君遷子,君遷子又高于野柿869;3份君遷子資源中824的抗旱性要好于846和847。5.選擇3個(gè)柿種砧木(10份君遷子資源、野柿869和美洲柿844)與‘富有’甜柿進(jìn)行嫁接親和性比較研究,通過調(diào)查嫁接后的成活率、兩年內(nèi)成活植株的保存率、接穗生長量、接口部位的外部以及內(nèi)部形態(tài)來確定與‘富有’甜柿親和性較好的柿砧材料。結(jié)果表明,3個(gè)柿種砧木嫁接成活率差異顯著,10份君遷子成活率均高于其它兩個(gè)柿種,而野柿869成活率美洲柿844,其中君遷子中的路東67成活率最高,達(dá)97.69%;3個(gè)柿種嫁接兩年后的平均保存率差異比較明顯,即君遷子美洲柿844野柿869,而君遷子中的824嫁接兩年內(nèi)的保存率最高;3個(gè)柿種砧木的接穗生長量與嫁接成活率呈一定的正相關(guān);外部形態(tài)觀察發(fā)現(xiàn),3個(gè)柿種砧木嫁接親和性差的,嫁接部位會出現(xiàn)腫大、翹皮、裂紋等現(xiàn)象;解剖形態(tài)學(xué)觀察中發(fā)現(xiàn)3個(gè)柿種嫁接后的愈合過程基本一致,但野柿869和美洲柿844產(chǎn)生愈傷組織的時(shí)間要晚于君遷子一周左右。通過3個(gè)柿種與‘富有’甜柿嫁接后的生長量、成活率以及兩年內(nèi)成活植株的保存率調(diào)查同時(shí)結(jié)合解剖觀察,綜合認(rèn)為君遷子與‘富有’甜柿的親和性要好于野柿869和美洲柿844,而10份君遷子中的824、848和路東67與‘富有’甜柿的親和性較好。6.通過3個(gè)柿種的耐鹽性、抗旱性以及嫁接親和性研究,綜合考慮君遷子824可作為‘富有’甜柿的砧木。
[Abstract]:'rich' (Fu Yu) is a Japanese persimmon cultivation area, high yield, good quality of persimmon varieties. In China in the last century from Japan in 80s introduced in China, persimmon also favored by the vast number of consumers in our country, but has failed to form a scale, due to the many reasons, but the most important is the lack of suitable rootstocks. The production, China's many rootstocks' Fuyu ', showed a poor resistance, low survival rate of grafting, low affinity eventually lead to death, so choose "excellent rootstock rich" has become China's rapid promotion of' rich 'key problems persimmon, the resistance of rootstocks and affinity selection is the key to the problem. In this study, 3 kinds of persimmon persimmon as the experiment materials, using the method of concentration of salt solution and natural drought stress, resistance were studied Differences in salt resistance and drought resistance by physiological, biochemical analysis combined with morphological indexes, the comprehensive evaluation method and the resistance of persimmon rootstock resources by using the method of mathematical statistics membership function; at the same time, 3 to 12 copies of persimmon persimmon rootstock of 'rich' grafting affinity of the main results. Are as follows: 1. to 3 persimmon rootstocks (10 dateplum persimmon resources, wild 869 and d.virginiana 844) seed, Germination Effect of different salt concentration on different kinds of persimmon rootstock seeds. After 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2.0%NaCl solution were obtained after 30 d seed germination the rate of data. The results showed that: 0.0%NaCl (control) solution treatment after 30 d of 3 wild persimmon in 869 the highest germination rate, followed by dateplum persimmon America 852, 844, the remaining 9 copies of dateplum germination rate lower than the previous three; 0.5%NaCl solution in 869 wild persimmon highest germination rate the concentration of salt. Reached 1%, dateplum 852 the highest germination rate. When the salt concentration reaches 1.5%-2.0%, the seed germination were not all persimmon rootstock. The seed water test, found all the salt concentration of non germinated seeds began to germinate after high salt solution, that adorable processed seeds of persimmon seed is reversible.3 anvil persimmon seeds under Salt Stress were compared among the 869 most salt tolerant wild persimmon, dateplum persimmon center, 844 salt tolerance is the worst; and in 10 copies of dateplum material 852 and 824 salt tolerance of salt tolerance is good, the worst is 849 and 847.2. with different NaCl concentration of 12 persimmon seedlings (seedling stock resource of about 90 d seedling) treated by 16 physiological indexes, using principal components and subordinate function analysis in comprehensive evaluation of salt tolerance of persimmon rootstock. The results show that America is the most salt tolerance of 844 persimmon persimmon, followed by wild persimmon 869,10 dateplum resources 鍦，

本文編號：1483734