發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-21 19:45

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： B型煙粉虱 馬鈴薯木虱 多種植物共存 單一植物存在 多食性 解毒酶 營養(yǎng)酶 寄主多樣性 行為反應(yīng) 植物-昆蟲互作 植物揮發(fā)物 次生代謝物質(zhì)　出處：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本研究通過對(duì)比多種寄主植物共存與單一寄主植物存在兩種不同處理,分別研究了多種植物同時(shí)存在對(duì)兩種多食性刺吸式口器昆蟲(B型煙粉虱和馬鈴薯木虱)生態(tài)學(xué)、生理生化、行為趨性的影響,并分析了受昆蟲侵害后共存植物的防御反應(yīng)。實(shí)驗(yàn)分別測定了番茄、甘藍(lán)、棉花、黃瓜、菜豆共存,番茄、西葫蘆、白菜、菜豆共存,油菜、棉花、番茄、黃瓜共存對(duì)B型煙粉虱的影響;以及馬鈴薯、茄子、番茄共存,甜椒、番茄、茄子共存對(duì)馬鈴薯木虱的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)組為多種寄主植物共存,對(duì)照組為單一寄主植物存在且植株數(shù)目與實(shí)驗(yàn)組相同。1.寄主多樣性對(duì)B型煙粉虱和馬鈴薯木虱生態(tài)學(xué)影響番茄、甘藍(lán)、棉花、黃瓜、菜豆共存時(shí)B型煙粉虱存活率、產(chǎn)卵量顯著升高,有利于種群發(fā)展。番茄、西葫蘆、白菜、菜豆共存時(shí)煙粉虱存活率、產(chǎn)卵量大于單一寄主最小值、小于最大值,對(duì)種群影響處于中間水平。油菜、棉花、番茄、黃瓜共存時(shí)煙粉虱存活率、產(chǎn)卵量顯著降低,不利于種群發(fā)展。馬鈴薯、茄子、番茄共存顯著提高了馬鈴薯木虱存活率、產(chǎn)卵量,有利于種群發(fā)展。甜椒、番茄、茄子共存顯著降低了馬鈴薯木虱存活率、產(chǎn)卵量,不利于種群發(fā)展。多種寄主共存均對(duì)B型煙粉虱和馬鈴薯木虱第二代若蟲發(fā)育歷期、存活率無顯著影響。兩者在多種植物共存和單一植物存在時(shí),在不同種植物上的株均產(chǎn)卵量均呈正相關(guān),分別對(duì)各植物表現(xiàn)出相似的產(chǎn)卵偏好性。植物組合中有低階植物時(shí),會(huì)影響種群發(fā)展,并可能隨低階植物的增多而更加不利。植物組合中有高階植物時(shí),昆蟲會(huì)趨向于高階植物,但植物組合是否有利于種群發(fā)展仍取決于低階植物的品質(zhì)或植物組合的綜合影響。2.寄主多樣性對(duì)B型煙粉虱和馬鈴薯木虱體內(nèi)營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)及酶的影響番茄、甘藍(lán)、棉花、黃瓜、菜豆共存時(shí),煙粉虱超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、堿性磷酸酶(AKP)活性降低,淀粉酶、蔗糖酶含量升高。番茄、西葫蘆、白菜、菜豆共存時(shí),煙粉虱解毒酶活性升高,總蛋白、海藻糖無差異。油菜、棉花、番茄、黃瓜共存時(shí),煙粉虱SOD、AKP、海藻糖含量均相對(duì)升高。馬鈴薯、茄子、番茄共存時(shí),木虱總蛋白、海藻糖顯著升高,蔗糖酶、淀粉酶活性增強(qiáng),解毒酶活性降低。甜椒、番茄、茄子共存時(shí),木虱總蛋白顯著降低,蔗糖酶、淀粉酶活性降低,解毒酶活性增強(qiáng)。煙粉虱、木虱體內(nèi)解毒酶活性與產(chǎn)卵量、存活率、營養(yǎng)酶普遍呈負(fù)相關(guān),營養(yǎng)酶與產(chǎn)卵量、存活率普遍呈正相關(guān),海藻糖與海藻糖酶普遍呈正相關(guān)。在有利于種群發(fā)展的植物組合中,煙粉虱和木虱解毒酶活性下降,消化酶活性升高;在不利于種群發(fā)展的植物組合中,解毒酶活性升高,消化酶活性下降。3.寄主多樣性對(duì)B型煙粉虱和馬鈴薯木虱行為趨性的影響番茄、甘藍(lán)、棉花、黃瓜、菜豆共存時(shí),煙粉虱對(duì)混合揮發(fā)物趨性較強(qiáng)。番茄、西葫蘆、白菜、菜豆共存,或油菜、棉花、番茄、黃瓜共存時(shí),煙粉虱對(duì)單一寄主揮發(fā)物選擇趨性較強(qiáng)。馬鈴薯、茄子、番茄共存時(shí),木虱對(duì)混合揮發(fā)物選擇趨性較強(qiáng)。甜椒、番茄、茄子共存時(shí),木虱對(duì)有甜椒存在的植物組合有回避性。4.受B型煙粉虱和馬鈴薯木虱侵染后共存植物的防御反應(yīng)煙粉虱和木虱的為害使植物體內(nèi)多酚氧化酶(PPO)、過氧化物酶(POD)、過氧化氫酶(CAT)、SOD活性大都升高,但由于其對(duì)植物侵害有選擇性,升高程度不同。番茄、甘藍(lán)、棉花、黃瓜、菜豆共存時(shí),煙粉虱存活率與植物體內(nèi)PPO、POD活性增長率呈正相關(guān),煙粉虱體內(nèi)SOD與植物體內(nèi)POD呈正相關(guān),煙粉虱蔗糖酶與植物體內(nèi)PPO、POD活性呈正相關(guān)。番茄、西葫蘆、白菜、菜豆共存時(shí),煙粉虱體內(nèi)蔗糖酶與植物CAT活性呈正相關(guān)。甜椒、番茄、茄子共存時(shí),植物體內(nèi)PPO活性增長率和馬鈴薯木虱存活率呈顯著正相關(guān),植物體內(nèi)SOD和馬鈴薯木虱體內(nèi)海藻糖含量呈負(fù)相關(guān)。綜上,本研究顯示了多種寄主植物共存對(duì)B型煙粉虱和馬鈴薯木虱的影響,而且兩種多食性昆蟲面對(duì)多種寄主共存時(shí),在定向選擇、取食趨向、產(chǎn)卵偏好、解毒消化等方面有相似的應(yīng)對(duì)機(jī)制。實(shí)踐中,單一作物大面積種植極易使生態(tài)環(huán)境簡單化,導(dǎo)致害蟲大爆發(fā),本研究從理論上解釋了植物-多食性昆蟲互作的部分相關(guān)機(jī)制,并從實(shí)踐上為害蟲防治提供了參考,以期充分發(fā)揮生物多樣性的調(diào)控作用,形成結(jié)構(gòu)、功能良好的農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng),促進(jìn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:In this study, by comparing a variety of host plants coexist with single host plants have two kinds of different treatment, were studied on two kinds of plants exist at the same time the polyphagous insect sucking mouthparts (B biotype and potato psyllid) ecology, physiology and biochemistry, behavior tropism influence, and analyzes the defense response of insect infested after coexistence plant. The experiment tested the tomato, cabbage, cucumber, beans, cotton, tomato, coexistence, zucchini, cabbage, rape, cotton, beans coexist, tomato, cucumber on the effect of the coexistence of biotype B; and potato, eggplant, tomato and sweet pepper, tomato, eggplant coexistence, coexistence of influence on the potato psyllid. The experimental group for a variety of host plants coexist, the control group of single host plants and plants and the number of groups in the same.1. host diversity of B biotype and potato psyllid ecology effect of tomato, cabbage, cotton, Cucumber, bean the coexistence of biotype B, survival rate, fecundity increased significantly, is conducive to the development of the population. Tomatoes, zucchini, cabbage, bean coexistence whitefly survival rate, fecundity is greater than the minimum value of a single host, less than the maximum value of population effect in the middle level. The oil food, cotton, tomato, cucumber the coexistence of the whitefly survival rate, fecundity was significantly reduced, is not conducive to the development of the population. The potato, eggplant, tomato coexistence significantly increased the potato psyllid survival rate, fecundity, is conducive to the development of the population. Pepper, tomato and eggplant was significantly lower in the coexistence of the potato psyllid survival rate, fecundity, is not conducive to the development of various host populations. The coexistence of biotype B and the second generation of the potato psyllid nymphal duration, survival rate had no significant effect. In the presence of a variety of plants and the coexistence of both single plant, in different plants on the oviposition were positively correlated, Of all the plants showed similar oviposition preference. There are low order plants in combination, will affect the development of the population, and with low order plants increased even more unfavorable. High order plant combinations, insects tend to high order plant, but the plant combination is there comprehensive influence to population the development still depends on the quality of low order plants or plant combination effect of.2. host diversity of B biotype and potato psyllid in nutrients and enzymes of tomato, cabbage, cucumber, beans, cotton, tobacco whitefly coexist, superoxide dismutase (SOD), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity decreased, amylase that increased invertase content. Tomatoes, zucchini, cabbage, bean coexist, total protein increased, the whitefly detoxification enzyme activity, no difference in trehalose. Rapeseed, cotton, tomato, cucumber coexist, biotype SOD, AKP, trehalose content were relatively higher. 3 Potato, eggplant, tomato psyllid coexist, total protein, trehalose significantly increased invertase, amylase activity increased, decreased activity of detoxifying enzymes. Sweet pepper, tomato, eggplant coexist, Psylla total protein decreased significantly, invertase, amylase activity decreased, detoxification enzyme activity increased. The survival rate of B.tabaci, activity of detoxifying enzymes in the Psylla and fecundity, nutrition, enzyme was generally negatively correlated, nutrition enzyme and fecundity, survival rate is generally positively correlated, trehalose and trehalase is generally positively correlated. In favor of population development in plants, decrease whitefly and Psylla detoxification enzyme activity, increased digestive enzyme activity; in plants is not conducive to the development of population in the combination of increased activity of detoxifying enzymes, digestive enzyme activity decreased.3. host diversity of B taxis whitefly and the potato psyllid behavior of tomato, cabbage, cotton, cucumber, bean coexist, mixed volatiles of Bemisia tabaci Taxis are strong. Tomatoes, zucchini, cabbage, bean or rape, coexistence, cotton, tomato, cucumber coexist, Bemisia tabaci on single host volatiles taxis. Strong potato, eggplant, tomato psyllid coexist, of mixed volatiles taxis. Strong sweet pepper, tomato, eggplant and pepper to coexist, Psylla the combination of plant avoidance.4. by the B biotype and the potato psyllid infection after the coexistence of plant defense responses of Bemisia tabaci and psyllid damage in the plant polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), the activity of SOD were increased, but because of its selectivity to plant invasion, increased in different degree. Cotton, tomato, cabbage, cucumber, beans coexist, and the survival rate of B.tabaci in PPO plants, POD activity growth rate was positively correlated with SOD in B.tabaci plants POD was positively related to whitefly sucrase and plant body In PPO, the activity of POD was positively correlated. Tomatoes, zucchini, cabbage, bean coexist, whitefly sucrose and plant CAT enzyme activity was positively correlated. Pepper, tomato, eggplant coexist, the plant growth rate and PPO activity of the potato psyllid survival rate showed a significant positive correlation, negative correlation of plant SOD and the potato psyllid the trehalose content in vivo. In conclusion, this study shows the coexistence of various host plants of B biotype and potato psyllid, and two species of polyphagous insect with various host coexist, in directional selection, feeding trend, oviposition preference, with similar mechanism of detoxification digestion. In practice, a large area of single crop planting is very easy to make the ecological environment simple, lead to pest outbreak, this study explains some related mechanism of plant - polyphagous insect interaction based on the theory and practice from the damage of pest control provides a reference, In order to make full use of the regulatory role of biodiversity, to form a structured and well functioning agro ecosystem to promote sustainable development.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S433
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本文編號(hào)：1452405