本文關(guān)鍵詞：奶牛運(yùn)動(dòng)場溫室氣體排放規(guī)律與排放過程模擬研究　出處：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 奶牛運(yùn)動(dòng)場 靜態(tài)箱 溫室氣體 表面風(fēng)速 地面類型

【摘要】：舍外運(yùn)動(dòng)場是我國普遍采用的奶牛養(yǎng)殖設(shè)施,大量糞污滯留在運(yùn)動(dòng)場上,成為了奶牛場糞便管理過程中溫室氣體的重要排放源。受限于檢測技術(shù),我國尚缺乏運(yùn)動(dòng)場氣體排放的基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)和相關(guān)規(guī)律,難以準(zhǔn)確地估計(jì)運(yùn)動(dòng)場的氣體排放量,也無法制定目標(biāo)性的減排策略。針對(duì)上述問題,本研究選取了應(yīng)用較廣的靜態(tài)箱法,探索了關(guān)鍵因素對(duì)其檢測精度的影響,并通過優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)的靜態(tài)箱研究了奶牛運(yùn)動(dòng)場和露天堆糞場的溫室氣體排放規(guī)律。通過運(yùn)動(dòng)場氣體排放過程的實(shí)驗(yàn)室模擬,本研究分析了關(guān)鍵因素對(duì)其溫室氣體和氨氣排放的影響并構(gòu)建了素土運(yùn)動(dòng)場上糞便的CH4排放估算模型。本研究的結(jié)果主要如下：(1)靜態(tài)箱可較好地應(yīng)用于低排放量時(shí)開放源氣體排放的檢測,但普遍表現(xiàn)為低估,實(shí)際排放量越高,檢測結(jié)果越準(zhǔn)確。對(duì)于固體排放源,靜態(tài)箱的底面直徑對(duì)其測試結(jié)果無顯著影響(P0.05),但高度會(huì)顯著影響其準(zhǔn)確度(P0.05)。箱內(nèi)設(shè)有循環(huán)氣路且不開啟壓力平衡口時(shí),是否使用風(fēng)扇及風(fēng)扇轉(zhuǎn)速的大小對(duì)靜態(tài)箱的檢測結(jié)果無顯著影響(P0.05)。箱內(nèi)風(fēng)扇的使用會(huì)使得箱內(nèi)相對(duì)于外界呈正壓狀態(tài),當(dāng)壓力平衡口開啟時(shí),風(fēng)扇的使用會(huì)造成額外的正壓,降低檢測準(zhǔn)確度。推薦采用循環(huán)氣路進(jìn)行箱內(nèi)氣體混合。(2)清糞頻率為1次·天-1時(shí),立磚地面的運(yùn)動(dòng)場CO2、CH4和N20排放量分別為137.5±64.7、0.45±0.21和0.13±0.08 kg·hd-1·yr-1。由于糞污量的不同,臥床區(qū)的氣體排放量顯著高于走道區(qū)(P0.05)。清糞后,運(yùn)動(dòng)場CH4排放量顯著降低(P0.05),但N20排放量卻顯著升高(P0.05),且降雨會(huì)促進(jìn)N2O的排放。露天堆糞場CO2、CH4和N20的排放量為858.9±64.7、8.5±5.4和2.3±1.1 kg·hd-1·yr-1。整個(gè)糞便管理過程中CH4和N20的排放量分別為9.0 kg·hd-1·yr-1和2.75kg·hd1·yr-1。(3)空氣溫度和表面風(fēng)速的增加會(huì)促進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng)場上CO2、CH4、N2O和NH3的排放。CH4對(duì)于25-35℃間的溫度變化更敏感,而其它氣體則對(duì)于15-25℃之間的溫度變化更敏感。NH3的排放對(duì)較低風(fēng)速時(shí)的變化更敏感。(4)清糞前,立磚地面的NH3和35℃時(shí)的CO2排放速率顯著高于素土地面(P0.05),而CH4和N20的排放速率則不存在顯著差異(P0.05)。清糞后,素土地面的CO2和NH3排放速率高于立磚地面(P0.05)。研究初步推斷：由于養(yǎng)分下滲,素土地面延緩了糞便CO2和NH3的排放,并在清糞后導(dǎo)致更高的排放速率,形成二次排放。(5)運(yùn)動(dòng)場糞便溫度與空氣溫度存在線性相關(guān),當(dāng)糞便溫度不可獲得時(shí),可采用空氣溫度估計(jì),估計(jì)誤差平均為2%。不同溫度和風(fēng)速下,運(yùn)動(dòng)場地面上CO2與CH4的排放呈指數(shù)相關(guān)關(guān)系(P0.05)。素土地面上,表面風(fēng)速與CH4排放量呈指數(shù)相關(guān)關(guān)系(P0.05)。
[Abstract]:Outdoor sports ground is a widely used dairy cattle breeding facility in China, a large number of feces remain on the sports ground, has become an important source of greenhouse gas emissions in the process of dairies excrement management, which is limited by the detection technology. Our country still lacks the basic data and related laws of the stadium gas emission, it is difficult to accurately estimate the stadium gas emissions, nor can we formulate the target emission reduction strategy. In this study, the static box method, which is widely used, is selected, and the influence of key factors on the detection accuracy is explored. The greenhouse gas emission law of dairy cow sports ground and open pit manure yard was studied by the optimized static box, and the laboratory simulation of the gas emission process of the sports ground was carried out. In this study, the effects of key factors on greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions were analyzed, and the CH4 emission estimation model of feces in the field was constructed. The results of this study are as follows: 1). The static box can be applied to the detection of open source gas emission at low emission level. However, it is generally underestimated, the higher the actual emissions, the more accurate the test results. For the solid emission source, the diameter of the bottom surface of the static box has no significant effect on the test results (P0.05). However, the height will significantly affect the accuracy of the P0.050.When the box is equipped with circulating gas and does not open the pressure balance port. The use of fan and fan speed has no significant effect on the test results of the static box. The use of the fan in the box will cause a positive pressure in the box relative to the outside, when the pressure balance opening. The use of fan will cause extra positive pressure and reduce the accuracy of detection. It is recommended that the cycle gas route be used for tank gas mixing.) the defecation frequency is 1 路days-1:00, and the CO2 of the sports ground with brick floor is recommended. The emissions of CH4 and N20 were 137.5 鹵64.7c0.45 鹵0.21 and 0.13 鹵0.08kg 路hd-1 路yr-1, respectively. The gas emission in bed rest area was significantly higher than that in walkway area (P 0.05). After defecation, the CH4 emission of sports ground decreased significantly, but the emission of N20 increased significantly (P 0.05). The emissions of CO _ 2C _ 4 and N _ (20) from open pit dump were 858.9 鹵64.7. 8.5 鹵5.4 and 2.3 鹵1.1 kg 路hd-1 路yr-1. The emissions of CH4 and N20 in the whole fecal management process were 9.0, respectively. Kg 路hd-1 路yr-1 and 2.75 kg 路hd1 路yr-1. 3) the increase of air temperature and surface wind speed will promote CO2 on the sports ground. The emission of Ch _ 4N _ 2O and NH3. Ch _ 4 is more sensitive to the temperature change between 25 and 35 鈩，

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