本文關(guān)鍵詞：中國農(nóng)村留守兒童與非留守兒童健康狀況比較研究　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 健康狀況 趨勢 影響因素 留守兒童

【摘要】：研究背景:隨著我國城鄉(xiāng)收入差距逐漸增大,為了改善生活條件,越來越多的農(nóng)民離開原居住地進(jìn)城務(wù)工。但是由于城市生活成本較高或者因戶口問題無法解決孩子上學(xué)等現(xiàn)實(shí)原因,只能將子女留在家中,因此產(chǎn)生了大批留守兒童。報(bào)告顯示,2010年全國農(nóng)村留守兒童數(shù)量達(dá)6102.55萬,占農(nóng)村兒童37.7%,相當(dāng)于每三個(gè)農(nóng)村兒童里就有一個(gè)多留守兒童。由于家庭貧困生活條件差或者監(jiān)護(hù)人監(jiān)管不力等原因,與非留守兒童相比,農(nóng)村留守兒童面臨著嚴(yán)重的健康問題,生長遲緩、低體重、消瘦的發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高于其他兒童。兒童階段是成長的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期,兒童健康是個(gè)人長期健康的基礎(chǔ),對其長大后的健康、收入甚至成就都是至關(guān)重要的。農(nóng)村留守兒童數(shù)量龐大,是未來我國農(nóng)村發(fā)展建設(shè)的主力軍,留守兒童健康問題的解決有利于未來人口整體素質(zhì)的提升。研究目的:本文采用2000-2011年中國健康與營養(yǎng)調(diào)查(CHNS)數(shù)據(jù),旨在研究我國農(nóng)村地區(qū)留守兒童和非留守兒童健康狀況的變化趨勢,找出影響兒童健康的主要因素,提出相應(yīng)的干預(yù)措施,為有效解決農(nóng)村留守兒童健康問題提供依據(jù),促進(jìn)農(nóng)村兒童健康成長。研究對象:本文使用的研究數(shù)據(jù)來自于中國健康與營養(yǎng)調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)庫(China Health and Nutrition Survey,CHNS),選用 2000 年、2004 年、2006 年、2009 年和 2011年5輪調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)中有完整調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)(性別、年齡、身高、體重、家庭結(jié)構(gòu)等)的0-17歲農(nóng)村留守與非留守兒童作為研究對象。研究方法:采用SPSS16.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。符合正態(tài)分布的定量資料采用均數(shù)、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差來描述(身高、體重、HAZ、WAZ等),組內(nèi)差異比較采用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn)或方差分析;定性資料采用百分比或率來描述(性別、年齡、父母流動(dòng)類型、生長遲緩發(fā)生率、低體重發(fā)生率等),組間差異比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。趨勢性檢驗(yàn)使用χ2趨勢檢驗(yàn)進(jìn)行分析;計(jì)算各因素的比值比及95%可信區(qū)間;采用二分類Logistic回歸方法進(jìn)行相關(guān)因素的分析,P0.05為差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。研究結(jié)果:1我國農(nóng)村留守兒童身高、體重狀況低于非留守兒童。利用CHNS數(shù)據(jù)庫資料計(jì)算我國農(nóng)村兒童Z評分,結(jié)果顯示,所有農(nóng)村兒童HAZ、WAZ、BAZ得分均呈增加趨勢。(1)留守兒童的HAZ、WAZ得分增長幅度大于非留守兒童,BAZ增長幅度小于非留守兒童;家庭結(jié)構(gòu)為父親外出的農(nóng)村兒童HAZ、WAZ、BAZ得分最高,母親外出的兒童得分最低;(2)農(nóng)村男生的HAZ、WAZ、BAZ均高于女生;非留守男生的HAZ、WAZ、BAZ增長幅度均大于留守男生,留守女生HAZ、WAZ增長幅度大于非留守女生;(3)農(nóng)村不同年齡組留守兒童與非留守兒童的HAZ、WAZ、BAZ均呈逐年上升趨勢,其中13-17歲年齡組各項(xiàng)Z評分均高與其他年齡組;各年齡段非留守兒童的WAZ增長幅度大于留守兒童,13-17歲年齡段留守兒童的HAZ、BAZ增長幅度大于非留守兒童;(4)農(nóng)村不同地區(qū)留守兒童與非留守兒童的HAZ、WAZ、BAZ均呈逐年上升趨勢,東部地區(qū)兒童HAZ、WAZ得分最高,中部地區(qū)兒童BAZ得分最高;各地區(qū)非留守兒童的HAZ、WAZ增長幅度均大于留守兒童,中部及西部地區(qū)留守兒童的BAZ增長幅度大于非留守兒童。2農(nóng)村兒童生長遲緩、低體重、消瘦發(fā)生率總體呈下降趨勢,留守兒童發(fā)生率明顯高于非留守兒童;超重發(fā)生率呈上升趨勢,留守兒童發(fā)生率低于非留守兒童。(1)農(nóng)村非留守兒童生長遲緩發(fā)生率由2000年的6.0%下降至2011年4.9%,留守兒童由11.5%下降至5.9%;非留守兒童低體重發(fā)生率由3.4%下降至2.3%,留守兒童由5.8%下降至3.4%;非留守兒童消瘦發(fā)生率由6.0%下降至4.1%,留守兒童由9.6下降至5.9%;非留守兒童超重發(fā)生率由2.2%上升至9.1%,留守兒童由0上升至7.1%;留守兒童中家庭結(jié)構(gòu)為僅母親外出的兒童生長遲緩、低體重、消瘦發(fā)生率最高,家庭結(jié)構(gòu)為僅父親外出的兒童超重發(fā)生率高于其他兒童;(2)農(nóng)村男生生長遲緩、低體重、消瘦發(fā)生率均低于女生,超重發(fā)生率高于女生;留守男生、女生生長遲緩、低體重、消瘦發(fā)生率分別高于非留守男生、女生,超重發(fā)生率分別低于非留守男生、女生;(3)無論留守與否,各年齡組農(nóng)村兒童生長遲緩、低體重以及消瘦發(fā)生率均呈下降趨勢,并且隨著年齡的增長而降低,0-6歲年齡組發(fā)生率最高,13-17歲發(fā)生率最低;農(nóng)村兒童不同年齡組的超重發(fā)生率隨著年份的變化呈上升趨勢,隨著年齡的增加而降低;(4)不同地區(qū)的農(nóng)村留守及非留守兒童生長遲緩、低體重以及消瘦發(fā)生率均呈下降趨勢,且西部地區(qū)兒童發(fā)生率最高,東部最低。不同地區(qū)的農(nóng)村兒童超重發(fā)生率呈逐年上升趨勢,中部地區(qū)兒童發(fā)生率最高。3研究結(jié)果顯示,農(nóng)村12歲以上兒童吸煙率及飲酒率均呈上升趨勢,其中男生吸煙飲酒率高于女生;中部地區(qū)兒童吸煙飲酒率高于東西部兒童;留守兒童吸煙飲酒率高于非留守兒童,家庭結(jié)構(gòu)為父母均外出的留守兒童吸煙率最高,母親外出的留守兒童飲酒率最高。4農(nóng)村兒童生長發(fā)育的影響因素有性別、年齡、地區(qū)、家庭結(jié)構(gòu)、是否吸煙、是否飲酒等。(1)生長遲緩的影響因素:女生生長遲緩的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是男生的1.330倍;隨著年齡的增加,兒童生長遲緩風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低;中部和西部地區(qū)兒童生長遲緩的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是東部地區(qū)的1.173倍和1.316倍;母親外出的留守兒童生長遲緩風(fēng)險(xiǎn)最高;吸煙兒童的生長遲緩風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高于不吸煙兒童。(2)低體重的影響因素:女生低體重的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高于男生,是男生的1.895倍;隨著年齡的增加,兒童低體重的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低;中部和西部地區(qū)兒童低體重的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是東部地區(qū)的1.232倍和1.374倍;母親外出的留守兒童低體重的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)最高。(3)消瘦的影響因素:女生消瘦的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高于男生,是男生的1.137倍;隨著年齡的增加,兒童消瘦的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低;家庭結(jié)構(gòu)為母親外出的留守兒童消瘦的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)最高,吸煙者消瘦的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是不吸煙者的1.576倍。(4)超重的影響因素:男生超重的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高于女生;隨著年齡的增加,兒童超重的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低;中部地區(qū)兒童超重的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高于東西部地區(qū)。結(jié)論:1農(nóng)村留守兒童身高、體重水平低于非留守兒童。2000-2011年的調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)顯示,農(nóng)村兒童HAZ、WAZ、BAZ健康指標(biāo)均呈逐漸上升趨勢。農(nóng)村非留守兒童各項(xiàng)Z評分高于留守兒童。2農(nóng)村兒童生長遲緩、低體重以及消瘦發(fā)生率呈下降趨勢,留守兒童生長遲緩、低體重以及消瘦發(fā)生率明顯高于非留守兒童;農(nóng)村兒童超重發(fā)生率呈上升趨勢,留守兒童超重發(fā)生率低于非留守兒童。3農(nóng)村兒童吸煙飲酒率呈上升趨勢,留守兒童吸煙飲酒率高于非留守兒童。4影響農(nóng)村兒童生長遲緩的因素有:性別、年齡、地區(qū)、家庭結(jié)構(gòu)以及是否吸煙;影響農(nóng)村兒童低體重的因素有:性別、年齡、地區(qū)以及家庭結(jié)構(gòu);影響農(nóng)村兒童消瘦的因素有:性別、年齡、家庭結(jié)構(gòu)以及是否吸煙;影響兒童超重的因素有:性別、年齡、地區(qū)。
[Abstract]:Background: with China's urban-rural income gap is gradually increasing, in order to improve the living conditions, more and more farmers leave the former residence of migrant workers. But because of the higher cost of living in city or due account can not solve the problem of children to school practical reasons, can only be children at home, thus resulting in a large number of left-behind children. The report shows that the number of children 61 million 25 thousand and 500 2010 National Rural left behind children in rural areas, accounting for 37.7%, equivalent to every three rural children in more than one left-behind children. Due to poor families living conditions or guardian supervision, compared with non left-behind children, rural left-behind children are faced with serious health problems, growth retardation, low birth weight, weight loss the risk is higher than other children. Children's stage is a key period for the growth of children's health is the basis of the long-term health of the individual, grow up healthy Income, even achievement is essential. The number of rural left-behind children is huge, is the main force in the future development of rural construction in our country, to solve the problem of left behind children's health is conducive to the overall quality of the future population improvement. Objective: This paper uses 2000-2011 China health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) data, to study the children and non health left behind children in trend left behind in rural areas, find out the main factors affecting children's health, and put forward the corresponding intervention measures, provide the basis for effectively solving the rural health problems of rural left-behind children, promote the healthy growth of children. Objects of study: This paper uses data from the China health and Nutrition Survey Database (China Health and Nutrition Survey, CHNS), 2004, 2006, with 2000, a complete survey data in 2009 and 2011 5 round of survey data (gender, age Height, weight, family structure, etc.) 0-17 year old rural left behind and non left-behind children as the research object. Research methods: statistical analysis by SPSS16.0 software. The quantitative data accord with normal distribution with mean and standard deviation to describe (height, weight, HAZ, WAZ, etc.) within groups were compared with analysis independent samples t test or ANOVA; qualitative data to describe the percentage or rate (gender, age, type, parents flow rate, the incidence rate of low weight and growth retardation etc.), differences between groups were compared using the 2 test. The trend test was used for the 2 trend test analysis; calculating the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval of each factor; analysis using two Logistic regression method for P0.05 related factors, the difference was statistically significant. Results: 1 of China's rural left-behind children height and weight status than left-behind children. Using the CHNS database. Z children in rural China scores showed that all children in rural areas HAZ, WAZ, BAZ score increased. (1) left-behind children HAZ, WAZ score increased more than non left-behind children, BAZ growth rate of less than non left-behind children; family structure as the father out of rural children HAZ, WAZ, BAZ the highest score, the lowest score of the children's mothers; (2) rural boys HAZ, WAZ, BAZ were higher than girls; the boys left behind HAZ, WAZ, BAZ growth rate was higher than the male students, the girls left behind HAZ, WAZ growth rate is greater than the non left behind girls; (3) rural left-behind children in different age groups and non left-behind children HAZ, WAZ, BAZ were increased year by year, in which the Z 13-17 age group were higher compared with other age groups; the age of non left-behind children's WAZ growth rate is greater than the left-behind children 13-17 years of age, children left behind HAZ, BAZ growth rate is higher than non left-behind children ; (4) in different areas of rural left-behind children and non left-behind children HAZ, WAZ, BAZ were increased year by year, children HAZ in the eastern region, the central region's highest WAZ score, the highest BAZ score; HAZ non left-behind children in different areas, the growth rate of WAZ were higher than left-behind children, central and western regions of the left-behind children the growth rate of BAZ is higher than non left-behind children in rural children.2 growth retardation, low birth weight, weight loss rate decreased, left-behind children incidence was significantly higher than that of left-behind children; the incidence of overweight increased left-behind children was lower than non left-behind children. (1) non rural left-behind children the incidence rate of growth retardation by 2000 6% in 2011 fell to 4.9%, down from 11.5% to 5.9% children left behind; non left-behind children with low birth weight rate decreased from 3.4% to 2.3%, decreased from 5.8% to 3.4% children left behind and non left behind children; weight loss rate dropped from 6% To 4.1%, decreased from 9.6 to 5.9% children left behind; non left-behind children overweight incidence rate increased from 2.2% to 9.1%, increased from 0 to 7.1% children left behind; low birth weight growth retardation, left behind children in the family structure go out only the mothers of children, the prevalence of wasting the highest, family structure is only father out of children overweight the rate is higher than that of other children; (2) rural boys growth retardation, low birth weight, weight loss rate is lower than the incidence of overweight girls, boys higher than girls; girls left behind, slow growth, low birth weight, weight loss rate were higher than those of non left behind boys and girls, the incidence of overweight was respectively lower than male students, female students (3); no matter left behind or not, growth retardation in each age group of children in rural areas, low birth weight and weight loss rate were decreased, and decreased with the increase of age, 0-6 age group was the highest, the lowest incidence of 13-17 years old children in rural; The same age group the incidence of overweight with age increase, decrease with the increase of age; (4) in different regions in rural areas and non left-behind children growth retardation, low birth weight and weight loss rate were decreased, and the incidence rate of children in western region is the highest, lowest in Eastern rural areas in different districts. The incidence of overweight children increased year by year, the central region had the highest incidence of children.3 the results of the study showed that rural children over the age of 12 the smoking rate and drinking rate were increasing, including boys smoking and drinking was higher than girls; children smoking drinking rate is higher than the central region of children; left-behind children smoking drinking rate is higher than that of non left-behind children. The family structure of left-behind children whose parents are both out of the highest smoking rate, mother out of left behind children affected the drinking rate of children in rural areas of the highest.4 growth factors of sex, age, place Area, family structure, smoking, drinking and so on. (1) factors affecting growth retardation: Girls growth retardation risk is 1.330 times the boys; with the increase of age, reduce the risk of growth retardation in children; the central and western areas of growth retardation risk is 1.173 times the eastern region and 1.316 times; the mother to go out the highest risk of left-behind children growth retardation; smoking children's growth retardation is higher than the risk of not smoking in children. (2) the influence factors of low birth weight and low birth weight: Girls risk is 1.895 times higher than boys, boys; with increasing age, the risk of low birth weight children to reduce the risk of central and western regions; children with low birth weight the eastern region is 1.232 times and 1.374 times; the mother to go out the left-behind children of low birth weight (3). The highest risk factors influence risk: thin thin girls higher than boys, boys are 1.137 times; with the increase of age, A child's risk of wasting is reduced; family structure for the mother to go out the left-behind children wasting the highest risk, the risk is 1.576 times thinner smokers than non-smokers. (4) the effects of risk factors of overweight and overweight boys higher than girls; with the increase of age, the risk of overweight children in lower risk; the central region is higher than that of overweight children conclusion: 1. Areas of rural left-behind children height, weight level is lower than the non survey data of left-behind children.2000-2011 years showed that rural children HAZ, WAZ, BAZ health indicators showed a rising trend. Rural children left behind the Z score was higher than that of rural left-behind children children.2 growth retardation, low birth weight and weight loss rate decreased the trend of growth retardation, left behind, low birth weight and weight loss incidence was significantly higher than that of rural left-behind children; children overweight rates rise, low incidence of overweight left-behind children In the non left behind children in rural children.3 smoking drinking rate rise, left-behind children smoking and alcohol drinking rate is higher than that of non left-behind children.4 factors influencing growth retardation of children in rural areas are: gender, age, region, family structure and smoking; influencing rural children with low birth weight factors: gender, age, region and family structure; factors influence of rural children are thin: gender, age, family structure and smoking; influencing factors of overweight children are: gender, age, area.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R179

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