本文關(guān)鍵詞： 政府購買 公共就業(yè)服務 配置效率 技術(shù)效率 制度效率　出處：《深圳大學》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：就業(yè)作為民生之本、安國之策,不僅是重大的經(jīng)濟社會問題,還是重大的政治問題。現(xiàn)階段,在公共就業(yè)服務供給過程中,我國面臨著公共就業(yè)服務供求不匹配、公共服務供給機制多元化、人力資源服務市場快速發(fā)展、國家大力支持發(fā)展政府購買公共服務等形勢。在這種背景下,我國政府購買公共就業(yè)服務被提升到前所未有的重要地位,近年來各地先后出臺相關(guān)政策制度和構(gòu)建保障機制,大力推動政府購買公共就業(yè)服務發(fā)展。但隨著政府購買行為的不斷擴展和延伸,政府購買公共就業(yè)服務投入配置不合理、運行效率不高、績效評價機制滯后等問題逐步凸顯,亟需在政府購買服務投入管理、資源配置、制度建設等方面謀求突破。立足于這個現(xiàn)狀,本論文圍繞政府購買公共就業(yè)服務效率問題進行研究,力圖為我國政府購買公共就業(yè)服務效率評估、運營建設、監(jiān)督管理等提供參考借鑒。搭建科學、合理的效率分析框架是政府購買公共就業(yè)服務效率研究的基礎和關(guān)鍵。因此,論文開篇后就運用很大篇幅,對政府購買公共就業(yè)服務效率分析框架的搭建進行理論分析。效率分析框架搭建過程主要從兩個方面展開:一方面,任何政府政策的推行,其目的都是為了獲得一定的政策效益,政府購買公共就業(yè)服務作為一種公共服務供給制度安排,其政策效益集中體現(xiàn)在資源配置效益、成本縮減效益、制度優(yōu)化效益三個方面。另一方面,政府效率問題實際上是研究如何利用最少資源投入獲得既定政策效益的問題,資源投入越少,政府效率越高;否則,效率越低。從而,就可以將政府購買公共就業(yè)服務效率問題,看作分析政府購買公共就業(yè)服務獲得資源配置效益、成本縮減效益和制度優(yōu)化效益過程中,如何實現(xiàn)最高效費比的問題。基于以上兩個方面,論文圍繞政府購買公共就業(yè)服務資源配置、成本縮減和制度優(yōu)化三大效益,把政府購買公共就業(yè)服務效率劃分為配置效率、技術(shù)效率、制度效率三個效率層次和組合,并以這三個效率層次和組合為基礎搭建效率分析框架,對政府購買公共就業(yè)服務效率進行深入分析。在效率分析布局上,三個效率分析層次有著各自的定位和側(cè)重。從研究視角來看,配置效率部分主要分析政府購買服務過程中的資源投入和結(jié)構(gòu),側(cè)重于中宏觀研究;技術(shù)效率部分主要分析政府購買投入與產(chǎn)出之間的關(guān)系,側(cè)重于微觀分析;制度效率部分貫徹政府購買服務全過程,屬于中觀分析范疇。從研究方法來看,配置效率和技術(shù)效率部分側(cè)重于作一般性分析,主要從實證分析層面開展,綜合運用了topsis綜合評估法、數(shù)據(jù)包絡分析方法(dea)、malmquist指數(shù)法、tobit法等實證分析方法;制度效率部分側(cè)重于作特殊性分析,主要結(jié)合我國制度建設的特點特性,從規(guī)范分析層面開展。按照以上結(jié)構(gòu)框架開展研究,得到主要結(jié)論如下:政府購買公共就業(yè)服務配置效率方面。從省份差異看,我國配置效率總體處于較低水平,且不同省份效率差異較大,其中人口和勞動力大省份的配置效率普遍較高,人口和勞動力數(shù)量較少省份的配置效率普遍較低。由此可看出,配置效率與各地經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平和勞動力數(shù)量等因素普遍呈正向的相關(guān)關(guān)系。從地區(qū)差異看,東部地區(qū)配置效率高于中部地區(qū),中部地區(qū)配置效率高于西部地區(qū),這與各地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平狀況基本相符,表明政府購買公共就業(yè)服務配置效率與經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平呈較為顯著的正向相關(guān)關(guān)系。政府購買公共就業(yè)服務技術(shù)效率方面。從效率水平看,政府購買公共就業(yè)服務綜合技術(shù)效率偏低,均處于dea中度無效狀態(tài),且呈緩慢下降趨勢,這主要由政府購買投入從事業(yè)單位向營利性機構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)移過程中帶來的規(guī)模效率下降引起�？傮w而言中部地區(qū)效率高于東部地區(qū),東部地區(qū)效率普遍高于西部地區(qū)。從效率變動趨勢看,全要素生產(chǎn)率總體呈遞增趨勢,增長的主要動力來自以遠程教育培訓普及為代表的就業(yè)培訓技術(shù)進步,以及就業(yè)培訓服務機構(gòu)管理運營水平提升等,而且經(jīng)濟落地地區(qū)全要素生產(chǎn)率趕超經(jīng)濟發(fā)達地區(qū)的趨勢明顯。從效率影響因素看,政府購買公共就業(yè)服務技術(shù)效率與人均gdp、市場化水平、地方政府財力呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系,與勞動力素質(zhì)、城鎮(zhèn)居民失業(yè)率、人口流動性呈負相關(guān)關(guān)系,與城鎮(zhèn)化率的相關(guān)關(guān)系不明顯。政府購買公共就業(yè)服務制度效率方面。從制度理論看,政府購買公共就業(yè)服務作為一種公共服務供給制度設計,其制度效率的實現(xiàn)應該以能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)相應配置效率和技術(shù)效率為標準,從契約理論的角度可以證明,政府購買公共服務制度可以通過合理的制度設計和安排,實現(xiàn)配置效率和技術(shù)效率。從制度實踐看,政府購買公共就業(yè)服務需要建立在一定的制度環(huán)境條件基礎之上,在運行過程中存在一定的潛在制度風險。與之相對照,我國政府購買公共就業(yè)服務制度存在著明顯的制度缺失,主要表現(xiàn)為缺乏有力的法律制度保障、規(guī)范的效率評估制度、可持續(xù)的政府購買投入機制、科學的人力資源市場政策性扶持制度、完善的監(jiān)督管理制度等。結(jié)合全文分析結(jié)論,論文圍繞我國政府購買公共就業(yè)服務發(fā)展存在的問題和不足,從轉(zhuǎn)變政府治理理念、明確政府職能定位,做好財政投入規(guī)劃、建立可持續(xù)政府購買投入機制,加強區(qū)域就業(yè)服務資源整合、推動政府購買公共服務均衡協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展,大力扶持發(fā)展人力資源服務產(chǎn)業(yè)、提升市場承接服務水平,深入推進配套制度改革、建立健全政府監(jiān)督管理體系等五個方面提出對策建議。
[Abstract]:Employment is the people's livelihood, it is not only an economic and social problem, is a major political issue. At this stage, in the public employment service supply process, China is facing a public employment service supply and demand does not match the diversification of public service supply mechanism, the rapid development of the human resources service market, the state vigorously support the development of government purchase the public service situation. In this context, China's government purchase of public employment service is promoted to an important position in recent years the country has hitherto unknown, the introduction of relevant policies and system construction of guarantee mechanism, vigorously promote the government purchase of public employment service development. But with the government purchasing behavior of the expansion and extension of the unreasonable allocation of government investment the purchase of public employment service, operating efficiency is not high, lag performance evaluation mechanism gradually highlight the need in the investment management of government procurement of services, The allocation of resources, to seek a breakthrough in system construction. Based on this situation, this thesis carries on the research to buy public employment service efficiency on the government, to purchase evaluation, the public employment service efficiency for our government to provide a reference for the construction and operation, supervision and management. To build a scientific, reasonable framework of efficiency analysis is the foundation and key of purchase the public employment service efficiency of the government. Therefore, the paper begins after use great space, the efficiency analysis framework to build a theoretical analysis of government purchase of public employment service. Efficiency analysis framework to build process mainly from two aspects: on the one hand, any government policy, the purpose is to obtain certain benefits of the policy and as a public service supply system of government purchase of public employment services, the policy benefits embodied in the resource allocation efficiency, cost reduction Reduction efficiency, system optimization benefit three aspects. On the other hand, the efficiency of government is actually to study how to use the least resources to obtain policy effectiveness, less resources, government efficiency is high; otherwise, the lower the efficiency. Thus, it can be the government purchase of public employment service efficiency, as the analysis the government purchases of public employment services for resource allocation efficiency, reduce the cost and benefit system optimization process, how to achieve the most efficient cost problem. Based on the above two aspects, the government purchase of public services is the allocation of resources, optimizing the efficiency of the three reduction and the cost of the system, the government purchase of public employment service efficiency is divided into configuration efficiency, technical efficiency, system efficiency of three efficiency level and combination, and the three efficiency level and combined to build efficiency analysis framework of government purchase The in-depth analysis total employment service efficiency. The efficiency analysis of the layout, the three level is efficiency analysis and focus on their respective positions. From the point of view of research, analysis of some of the major resources allocation efficiency and structure of the government purchase of services in the process, focusing on the macro research; technical efficiency of part of the main analysis of the relationship between government purchase of inputs and output, focus on micro analysis; system efficiency is part of the implementation of government purchase service the whole process, belongs to the category of meso analysis. From the research methods, allocation efficiency and technical efficiency focuses on the analysis of general, mainly from the empirical level development, the integrated use of the TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation method, the method of data envelopment analysis (DEA), Malmquist index method, Tobit empirical analysis method; system efficiency focuses on special analysis, combined with the characteristics of the main characteristics of China's system construction, from Normative analysis carried out. According to the above research framework, the main conclusions are as follows: the government purchase of public employment service allocation efficiency. From different provinces, the overall allocation efficiency of our country is at a low level, and the efficiency differences between different provinces, the provinces of population and labor allocation efficiency is generally high, the number of population and labor few provinces allocation efficiency is generally low. This can be seen, the allocation efficiency and around the level of economic development and the amount of labor and other factors generally showed a positive correlation. From regional difference, the eastern region allocation efficiency is higher than that of the central region, the central region allocation efficiency is higher than the western region, this situation is consistent with the economic development of different areas the level showed a positive correlation significant allocation efficiency and economic development level of government purchase of public employment service of government purchase. Public employment service technical efficiency. From the level of efficiency, low efficiency of integrated technology services of government purchase of public employment, are in the moderate DEA invalid, and decreased slowly, the purchase by the government investment transfer process to bring the scale efficiency decreases from institutions to for-profit institutions. The overall efficiency is higher than the central region the eastern region, the eastern region is generally higher than the efficiency in the western region. From the efficiency change trend, TFP showed increasing trend overall, the main engine of growth from the popularity of distance education and training as a representative of the technological progress and employment training, employment training services to enhance the level of management and operation, and economic landing area TFP catch-up economic development the trend is obvious. From the factors influencing the efficiency, efficiency and government purchase of public employment service technology gdp, The level of the market, local government financial resources are positively related with the quality of the labor force, the unemployment rate of urban residents, there was a negative correlation between the population mobility, correlation and the urbanization rate is not obvious. The government purchases of public employment service system efficiency. From the system theory, as a public service supply system design of government purchase of public employment the system of service, the realization of efficiency should be able to achieve the corresponding allocation efficiency and technical efficiency as the standard, from the perspective of contract theory can prove that the government purchase of public service system by reasonable system design and arrangement, realize the allocation efficiency and technical efficiency. From the system of practice, you need to be based on some basic conditions of institutional environment the government purchases of public employment service system, there are potential risks in the operation process. By contrast, China's government purchase of public employment service There is a clear lack of system system, mainly for the lack of legal support, regulate the efficiency of the evaluation system, the government purchase sustainable investment mechanism, scientific policy of human resource market support system, improve the supervision and management system. Combined with the analysis results, the focus on the development of China's government purchase of public employment service the problems and shortcomings, from the transformation of government management concept, clear positioning of government functions, good financial investment planning, the establishment of government purchase sustainable investment mechanism, strengthening regional employment service resource integration, promote the balanced development of the government purchase of public services, and vigorously support the development of the human resource service industry, enhance the market service level, to further promote the reform of the supporting system and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to establish and perfect the government supervision and management system in five aspects.

【學位授予單位】：深圳大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F249.2

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