基于TDLAS技術(shù)的燃燒火焰場(chǎng)分布二維重建研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-19 15:45
【摘要】：燃燒火焰的溫度及其組分濃度是燃燒過(guò)程中非常重要的兩個(gè)參數(shù),表征了污染物排放的多少,燃燒效率的高低,發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)性能的優(yōu)劣等。因此,發(fā)展適用于高溫燃燒環(huán)境的先進(jìn)氣體檢測(cè)技術(shù)已成為近些年來(lái)眾多學(xué)者研究的熱點(diǎn)。可調(diào)諧半導(dǎo)體激光吸收光譜技術(shù)(Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy,TDLAS)作為一種非侵入式、響應(yīng)速度快、抗干擾能力強(qiáng)的光譜檢測(cè)技術(shù),已經(jīng)在燃燒流場(chǎng)診斷中發(fā)揮了重要的應(yīng)用,它可以實(shí)現(xiàn)組分濃度、溫度、壓力和流速等多參數(shù)的在線精確測(cè)量。由于受到熱傳遞、氣流波動(dòng)、燃料分布不均、邊界層效應(yīng)等因素的影響,燃燒流場(chǎng)通常具有一定的非均勻性。本文深入地研究了 TDLAS技術(shù)在燃燒火焰溫度和組分濃度測(cè)量方面的應(yīng)用,同時(shí)研究了計(jì)算機(jī)層析成像算法(Computed tomography,CT),實(shí)現(xiàn)了平焰爐表面燃燒場(chǎng)的二維重建。首先基于HITRAN2012數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)選擇了 H20的7154.35 cm 1和7467.77 cm 1這兩條測(cè)溫譜線,在實(shí)驗(yàn)室搭建了高溫爐實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng),進(jìn)行了選線驗(yàn)證和溫度測(cè)量方法研究,同時(shí)對(duì)McKenna平焰爐燃燒當(dāng)量比為1的火焰進(jìn)行了溫度濃度連續(xù)測(cè)量,驗(yàn)證了吸收光譜法測(cè)溫的可行性。然后系統(tǒng)地研究了兩種典型的重建算法—濾波反投影算法(FBP)和代數(shù)迭代算法(ART)。對(duì)于FBP算法,模擬研究了少光束投影下的場(chǎng)分布重建,提出了吸收系數(shù)的歸一化處理方法,獲取了準(zhǔn)確的濃度分布圖像,研究了平行射束掃描時(shí),單視角下光線數(shù)目、投影角度個(gè)數(shù)和投影數(shù)據(jù)噪聲對(duì)重建精度的影響,提出針對(duì)圓對(duì)稱場(chǎng)的FBP重建方法。對(duì)于ART算法,在傳統(tǒng)方法的基礎(chǔ)上,本文提出采用自適應(yīng)松弛因子、加入平滑準(zhǔn)則、考慮非負(fù)限定三個(gè)措施來(lái)改善重建效果。研究了一種求解ART投影系數(shù)的遞推算法,實(shí)現(xiàn)了任意網(wǎng)格劃分下投影系數(shù)的快速精確計(jì)算。改進(jìn)了濃度重建的傳統(tǒng)方法,提出一種二次迭代直接重建濃度法,獲得了更加精確的H20濃度重建結(jié)果。同時(shí)研究了不同的投影光線總數(shù)和正交光束布局對(duì)溫度重建精度的影響,為實(shí)際實(shí)驗(yàn)中投影光線布局提供了理論參考。最后在實(shí)驗(yàn)室已有直徑為60mm的McKenna平焰爐上,搭建了一套燃燒流場(chǎng)二維重建系統(tǒng),設(shè)計(jì)了一種光束插空布局的光機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu),解決了有限重建區(qū)域下的多光束掃描難題。利用Labview編寫(xiě)了數(shù)據(jù)采集與處理軟件,實(shí)時(shí)在線獲取了投影數(shù)據(jù),并多次測(cè)量取平均值,有效地消除了偶然誤差。基于FBP算法實(shí)現(xiàn)了圓對(duì)稱燃燒場(chǎng)分布測(cè)量,解決了完備投影數(shù)據(jù)獲取難題�；诟倪M(jìn)ART算法進(jìn)行了正交光束布局的場(chǎng)分布測(cè)量,實(shí)現(xiàn)了高分辨率11×11的二維溫度濃度重建。將旋轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)和平移臺(tái)結(jié)合起來(lái)使用,通過(guò)單光路掃描加旋轉(zhuǎn)的方式在正交方向布置了更多的光束,獲得了 15×15的更高分辨率重建,在此基礎(chǔ)上,加入10條傾斜光束作重建限定約束,可以使重建圖像趨于爐面幾何形狀的真實(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)。將實(shí)驗(yàn)中重建出來(lái)的爐面中心區(qū)域13個(gè)燃燒較為穩(wěn)定的溫度像素值與熱電偶點(diǎn)測(cè)結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)二者的最大偏差是6.8%,平均偏差為4.0%,驗(yàn)證了二維重建算法的可行性。本論文通過(guò)吸收光譜選線、重建算法研究、數(shù)值模擬分析、實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)量驗(yàn)證,發(fā)展了基于TDLAS技術(shù)的燃燒流場(chǎng)溫度和組分濃度的二維分布重建,實(shí)現(xiàn)了燃燒火焰非均勻流場(chǎng)的高分辨高精度測(cè)量,對(duì)于推動(dòng)TDLAS技術(shù)在燃燒流場(chǎng)診斷中的應(yīng)用研究具有重要的理論指導(dǎo)意義和工程實(shí)驗(yàn)價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:The temperature and its component concentration of the combustion flame are two parameters which are very important in the combustion process, which are characterized by the quantity of the pollutant discharge, the high and low of the combustion efficiency, the good and the good of the performance of the engine, etc. Therefore, the development of advanced gas detection technology suitable for high-temperature combustion environment has become a hot point for many scholars in recent years. The tunable semiconductor laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS), as a non-invasive, fast and anti-interference spectrum detection technology, has played an important role in the diagnosis of combustion flow field, which can realize the component concentration and temperature, And the on-line accurate measurement of the multi-parameter such as pressure and flow rate. The combustion flow field usually has certain non-uniformity due to the influence of heat transfer, gas flow fluctuation, uneven fuel distribution, boundary layer effect, and the like. In this paper, the application of TDLAS in the measurement of combustion flame temperature and component concentration is studied in depth, and the computer tomography (CT) is also studied to realize the two-dimensional reconstruction of the combustion field on the surface of the flat-flame furnace. Based on the HITRAN2012 database, the two temperature measurement lines of 7154.35cm 1 and 7467.77 cm 1 of H20 are selected. The experimental system of high-temperature furnace is set up in the laboratory, and the method of line selection verification and temperature measurement is carried out, and the temperature concentration of the flame of the McKena flat-flame furnace is continuously measured. The feasibility of the temperature measurement of the absorption spectrum method is verified. Two typical reconstruction algorithms (FBP) and algebraic iterative algorithm (ART) are then systematically studied. For the FBP algorithm, the field distribution reconstruction under the low beam projection is simulated, the normalized processing method of the absorption coefficient is proposed, the accurate concentration distribution image is obtained, the number of light rays in a single visual angle is studied when the parallel beam is scanned, The influence of projection angle number and projection data noise on the reconstruction precision is proposed, and the FBP reconstruction method for circular symmetric field is proposed. For ART algorithm, on the basis of the traditional method, this paper proposes to adopt the self-adaptive relaxation factor, join the smoothing criterion, and consider the non-negative limiting three measures to improve the reconstruction effect. In this paper, a recursive algorithm for solving the ART projection coefficient is studied, and the rapid and accurate calculation of the projection coefficient under arbitrary grid division is realized. The traditional method of concentration reconstruction is improved, and a direct reconstruction concentration method for the secondary iteration is proposed, and a more accurate reconstruction result of the H20 concentration is obtained. At the same time, the influence of the total number of different projection light and the layout of the orthogonal beam on the accuracy of the temperature reconstruction is studied, and the theoretical reference is provided for the projection light layout in the practical experiment. At last, a set of two-dimensional reconstruction system of combustion flow field is set up in the laboratory of McKena flat-flame furnace with a diameter of 60 mm, and an optical machine structure of light beam insertion and air layout is designed to solve the problem of multi-beam scanning under the limited reconstruction area. The data acquisition and processing software is developed by Labview. The projection data is acquired on-line in real time, and the average value is measured on a number of times, and the accidental error is effectively eliminated. The circular symmetric combustion field distribution measurement is realized based on the FBP algorithm, and the problem of complete projection data acquisition is solved. The field distribution measurement of the orthogonal beam layout is carried out based on the modified ART algorithm, and the two-dimensional temperature concentration reconstruction of the high-resolution 11-stage 11 is realized. the rotating platform and the translation table are combined to be used, more light beams are arranged in the orthogonal direction by a single light path scanning and adding rotation mode, a higher resolution reconstruction of 15 to 15 is obtained, The reconstructed image can be made to tend to have a true structure of the furnace surface geometry. The results show that the maximum deviation is 6.8%, the average deviation is 4.0%, and the feasibility of the two-dimensional reconstruction algorithm is verified. The two-dimensional distribution reconstruction of the temperature and component concentration of the combustion flow field based on the TDLAS technique is developed by means of absorption spectrum line selection, reconstruction algorithm research, numerical simulation analysis and experimental measurement. The high-resolution and high-precision measurement of the non-uniform flow field of the combustion flame is realized. It is of great significance to study the application of TDLAS in the diagnosis of combustion flow field.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：O643.21
本文編號(hào)：2502451
[Abstract]:The temperature and its component concentration of the combustion flame are two parameters which are very important in the combustion process, which are characterized by the quantity of the pollutant discharge, the high and low of the combustion efficiency, the good and the good of the performance of the engine, etc. Therefore, the development of advanced gas detection technology suitable for high-temperature combustion environment has become a hot point for many scholars in recent years. The tunable semiconductor laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS), as a non-invasive, fast and anti-interference spectrum detection technology, has played an important role in the diagnosis of combustion flow field, which can realize the component concentration and temperature, And the on-line accurate measurement of the multi-parameter such as pressure and flow rate. The combustion flow field usually has certain non-uniformity due to the influence of heat transfer, gas flow fluctuation, uneven fuel distribution, boundary layer effect, and the like. In this paper, the application of TDLAS in the measurement of combustion flame temperature and component concentration is studied in depth, and the computer tomography (CT) is also studied to realize the two-dimensional reconstruction of the combustion field on the surface of the flat-flame furnace. Based on the HITRAN2012 database, the two temperature measurement lines of 7154.35cm 1 and 7467.77 cm 1 of H20 are selected. The experimental system of high-temperature furnace is set up in the laboratory, and the method of line selection verification and temperature measurement is carried out, and the temperature concentration of the flame of the McKena flat-flame furnace is continuously measured. The feasibility of the temperature measurement of the absorption spectrum method is verified. Two typical reconstruction algorithms (FBP) and algebraic iterative algorithm (ART) are then systematically studied. For the FBP algorithm, the field distribution reconstruction under the low beam projection is simulated, the normalized processing method of the absorption coefficient is proposed, the accurate concentration distribution image is obtained, the number of light rays in a single visual angle is studied when the parallel beam is scanned, The influence of projection angle number and projection data noise on the reconstruction precision is proposed, and the FBP reconstruction method for circular symmetric field is proposed. For ART algorithm, on the basis of the traditional method, this paper proposes to adopt the self-adaptive relaxation factor, join the smoothing criterion, and consider the non-negative limiting three measures to improve the reconstruction effect. In this paper, a recursive algorithm for solving the ART projection coefficient is studied, and the rapid and accurate calculation of the projection coefficient under arbitrary grid division is realized. The traditional method of concentration reconstruction is improved, and a direct reconstruction concentration method for the secondary iteration is proposed, and a more accurate reconstruction result of the H20 concentration is obtained. At the same time, the influence of the total number of different projection light and the layout of the orthogonal beam on the accuracy of the temperature reconstruction is studied, and the theoretical reference is provided for the projection light layout in the practical experiment. At last, a set of two-dimensional reconstruction system of combustion flow field is set up in the laboratory of McKena flat-flame furnace with a diameter of 60 mm, and an optical machine structure of light beam insertion and air layout is designed to solve the problem of multi-beam scanning under the limited reconstruction area. The data acquisition and processing software is developed by Labview. The projection data is acquired on-line in real time, and the average value is measured on a number of times, and the accidental error is effectively eliminated. The circular symmetric combustion field distribution measurement is realized based on the FBP algorithm, and the problem of complete projection data acquisition is solved. The field distribution measurement of the orthogonal beam layout is carried out based on the modified ART algorithm, and the two-dimensional temperature concentration reconstruction of the high-resolution 11-stage 11 is realized. the rotating platform and the translation table are combined to be used, more light beams are arranged in the orthogonal direction by a single light path scanning and adding rotation mode, a higher resolution reconstruction of 15 to 15 is obtained, The reconstructed image can be made to tend to have a true structure of the furnace surface geometry. The results show that the maximum deviation is 6.8%, the average deviation is 4.0%, and the feasibility of the two-dimensional reconstruction algorithm is verified. The two-dimensional distribution reconstruction of the temperature and component concentration of the combustion flow field based on the TDLAS technique is developed by means of absorption spectrum line selection, reconstruction algorithm research, numerical simulation analysis and experimental measurement. The high-resolution and high-precision measurement of the non-uniform flow field of the combustion flame is realized. It is of great significance to study the application of TDLAS in the diagnosis of combustion flow field.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：O643.21
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