【摘要】：為了研究低黏度黏合劑在推進(jìn)劑上的應(yīng)用,以期優(yōu)化推進(jìn)劑的工藝性能及改善推進(jìn)劑的力學(xué)性能。對低分子量丁羥聚氨酯彈性體的合成與工藝性能進(jìn)行了研究。對B-PBT基聚氨酯彈性體的合成進(jìn)行了研究,采用綜合性能較好的B-PBT基聚氨酯彈性體作為黏合劑在推進(jìn)劑中進(jìn)行應(yīng)用研究。本文主要有以下幾個(gè)方面的工作:采用二步法合成的低分子量HTPB聚氨酯彈性體。當(dāng)催化劑DBTDL質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為0.004%時(shí),漿料適用期可達(dá)5h,滿足加工性的要求。當(dāng)固化參數(shù)R為1.1,擴(kuò)鏈劑DEG的羥值含量占反應(yīng)體系總羥基含量的60%時(shí),力學(xué)性能較好,拉伸強(qiáng)度可達(dá)7.48MPa,斷裂伸長率可達(dá)540%。低分子量HTPB聚氨酯彈性體保證優(yōu)良力學(xué)性能的同時(shí),降低了漿料黏度,對改善丁羥推進(jìn)劑的工藝性能有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。采用一步法合成了B-PBT基聚氨酯彈性體,反應(yīng)溫度為60℃,熟化條件為60℃下固化6d。固化劑選擇反應(yīng)活性適中的TDI、擴(kuò)鏈劑選擇DEG時(shí),彈性體的工藝性能和力學(xué)性能較好。力學(xué)性能測試結(jié)果顯示B-PTR1.1D3、B-PTR1.1D4的力學(xué)性能較好,拉伸強(qiáng)度分別為6.58MPa、6.74MPa,斷裂伸長率分別為599%、659%。通過DMA測試發(fā)現(xiàn)B-PBT基聚氨酯彈性體的玻璃化轉(zhuǎn)變溫度在-30℃左右。蠕變分析和應(yīng)力松弛分析表明,由于所制備的B-PBT基聚氨酯彈性體含有交聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu),蠕變程度不大,應(yīng)力撤除后,彈性體形變恢復(fù)較好。熱分析表明,B-PBT基聚氨酯彈性體的熱分解分為三個(gè)階段,分別為-N3的分解、氨基甲酸酯基的分解、大分子主鏈的分解,其中配方B-PTR1.1D4的熱穩(wěn)定性最好。選擇綜合性能好的B-PBT基聚氨酯配方在推進(jìn)劑上進(jìn)行應(yīng)用研究。采用了 PBT基推進(jìn)劑的制備工藝,制備了B-PBT基推進(jìn)劑,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)使用B-PBT取代PBT作為黏合劑對推進(jìn)劑的加工性能有一定的改善。通過力學(xué)性能測試發(fā)現(xiàn),與PBT基推進(jìn)劑相比,B-PBT基推進(jìn)劑的低溫力學(xué)性能大大提升,拉伸強(qiáng)度達(dá)到4.29MPa,而常溫以及高溫拉伸強(qiáng)度有所下降。另外,B-PBT基推進(jìn)劑在高溫下的斷裂伸長率明顯大于PBT基推進(jìn)劑在高溫下的斷裂伸長率。通過最小自由能法計(jì)算了B-PBT基推進(jìn)劑的能量特性,特征速度℃為1609.3616m/s,比沖I_(sp)為268.0998s,定壓爆熱Q_p為5649KJ/kg。
[Abstract]:In order to study the application of low viscosity adhesive in propellants in order to optimize the technological properties of propellants and improve the mechanical properties of propellants. The synthesis and technological properties of low molecular weight hydroxybutadiene polyurethane elastomer were studied. The synthesis of B-PBT based polyurethane elastomer was studied. B-PBT based polyurethane elastomer with better comprehensive properties was used as binder to study its application in propellants. The main work of this paper is as follows: the low molecular weight HTPB polyurethane elastomer was synthesized by two-step method. When the mass fraction of catalyst DBTDL is 0.004, the suitable time of slurry is 5 h, which meets the requirement of processability. When the curing parameter R is 1.1 and the hydroxyl content of the chain extender DEG is 60% of the total hydroxyl content of the reaction system, the mechanical properties are better, the tensile strength can reach 7.48 MPA, and the elongation at break can reach 540 MPA. The low molecular weight HTPB polyurethane elastomer can guarantee the excellent mechanical properties and decrease the viscosity of the slurry, which has certain guiding significance for improving the technological properties of HTPB propellants. B-PBT based polyurethane elastomer was synthesized by one step method. The reaction temperature was 60 鈩，

本文編號：2179469