本文選題：亞臨界萃取 + 小茴香　； 參考：《鄭州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：小茴香(Foenculum vulgare Mill.)在我國具有悠久的種植歷史,是衛(wèi)生部公布的藥食兩用的物品,小茴香中含有18%左右的油脂,其中富含不飽和脂肪酸,并且含有甾醇、皂苷、氨基酸、維生素和礦物質(zhì)、生物堿、黃酮及單寧等生理活性成分,具有極高的食用和藥用價(jià)值與諸多生理功效。亞臨界萃取技術(shù)(Subcritical extraction technology)已經(jīng)在天然產(chǎn)物萃取研究方面得到了廣泛應(yīng)用與研究,越來越受到人們的關(guān)注。因此,本研究根據(jù)小茴香資源的研究及利用現(xiàn)狀,選擇利用亞臨界萃取技術(shù)對(duì)小茴香油樹脂進(jìn)行提取,在萃取工藝優(yōu)化、小茴香粕氨基酸檢測(cè)、油樹脂理化性質(zhì)檢測(cè)和成分分析以及提取物在卷煙中的應(yīng)用進(jìn)行了研究,對(duì)小茴香資源的合理開發(fā)及綜合利用具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本論文主要的研究內(nèi)容有以下幾個(gè)方面:首先,本研究采用亞臨界丁烷萃取小茴香油樹脂,通過單因素實(shí)驗(yàn)和響應(yīng)面實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)亞臨界萃取小茴香油樹脂的工藝進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化和驗(yàn)證,獲得的最佳提取條件為:液固比25 m L/g,萃取時(shí)間45 min,萃取溫度60℃,此條件下小茴香油樹脂的得率為12.79%。響應(yīng)面優(yōu)化結(jié)果表明,在萃取過程中,液固比和萃取時(shí)間對(duì)油樹脂得率的影響大于萃取溫度;萃取溫度與萃取時(shí)間、萃取溫度與液固比之間交互作用不顯著,萃取時(shí)間與液固比之間交互作用顯著。其次,對(duì)亞臨界提取油樹脂后的小茴香粕中的氨基酸組成進(jìn)行分析,共檢測(cè)出17種氨基酸,其中人體必須氨基酸7種。分別使用亞臨界丁烷萃取、超臨界CO2萃取和正己烷萃取法制備小茴香油樹脂和凈油,所得油樹脂主要成分均為油酸和亞油酸等不飽和脂肪酸,在脂肪酸組成方面差異不大;在理化性質(zhì)方面三種油樹脂有一定區(qū)別,亞臨界法在酸值、碘值和過氧化值等指標(biāo)方面上優(yōu)于其它兩種方法;三種小茴香凈油中共鑒定出22種化合物,在化合物組成方面差異不大,但含量上有一些差別,主要成分均為反式茴香腦,且含量順序?yàn)閬喤R界法超臨界法有機(jī)溶劑法。最后,對(duì)小茴香亞臨界丁烷提取物在卷煙中進(jìn)行了應(yīng)用研究。對(duì)添加小茴香油樹脂和小茴香凈油的實(shí)驗(yàn)卷煙進(jìn)行了主流煙氣中活性氧自由基含量的測(cè)定、卷煙主流煙氣中7種有害成分釋放量的測(cè)定及卷煙感官品質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)。結(jié)果表明:在合適的用量范圍內(nèi),小茴香凈油對(duì)卷煙主流煙氣中活性氧自由基的清除效果比較明顯,且對(duì)主流煙氣中7種有害成分的釋放量無明顯影響;另外,小茴香油樹脂能夠改善香氣質(zhì),提高香氣,使煙氣柔和細(xì)膩,降低刺激性。
[Abstract]:Foenculum vulgare Mill. has a long history of planting in our country. It is a dual-use item published by the Ministry of health. The fennel contains about 18% of the oil, which is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, and contains sterols, saponins, amino acids, vitamins and minerals, alkaloids, flavonoids and tannins, which are very high. The Subcritical Extraction Technology (subcritical extraction technology) has been widely used and studied in the extraction of natural products, and it has attracted more and more attention. Therefore, this study selects the subcritical extraction technology based on the research and utilization of the fennel resources. The extraction process of fennel oil resin, the optimization of extraction technology, the determination of amino acid in fennel meal, the physical and chemical properties of the oleoresin and the composition analysis, and the application of the extract in cigarette are studied. It has important practical significance for the rational development and comprehensive utilization of the fennel resources. The main contents of this paper are as follows. In this study, the extraction of fennel oleoresin with subcritical butane was used to optimize and verify the process of subcritical extraction of fennel Oleoresin by single factor and response surface experiments. The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: the ratio of liquid to solid ratio 25 m L/g, the extraction time 45 min, the extraction temperature 60 degrees C, and the fennel oleoresin under this condition The 12.79%. response surface optimization results show that the effect of liquid solid ratio and extraction time on the yield of oleoresin is greater than the extraction temperature, and the interaction between extraction temperature and extraction time, extraction temperature and liquid to solid ratio is not significant, and the interaction between extraction time and liquid solid ratio is significant. Secondly, the extraction of oleoresin is followed by subcritical extraction of oleoresin. The amino acid composition of fennel meal was analyzed. 17 amino acids were detected, of which 7 kinds of amino acids were essential for human body. Subcritical butane extraction, supercritical CO2 extraction and hexane extraction were used to prepare fennel oil resin and net oil. The main components of the oil resin were oleic acid and linoleic acid, such as unsaturated fatty acids, and in fat. There is little difference in the composition of acid; there are certain differences between the three kinds of oleoresin in physical and chemical properties. The subcritical method is superior to the other two methods in acid value, iodine value and peroxide value. The three species of fennel oil have identified 22 compounds in the composition of compounds, but there are some differences in the content, the main components are all In the end, the subcritical butane butane extract of fennel was applied in cigarettes. The content of the active oxygen in the mainstream smoke was determined by the determination of the content of the active oxygen in the mainstream smoke of the mainstream smoke, and 7 kinds of cigarette mainstream smoke. The determination of the release quantity of harmful ingredients and the evaluation of sensory quality of cigarettes showed that the effect of fennel net oil on the removal of reactive oxygen radicals in mainstream cigarette smoke was obvious, and there was no obvious effect on the release of 7 kinds of harmful components in mainstream smoke. The high aroma makes the smoke soft and delicate and reduces the irritation.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TQ914.1

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