本文選題：BDE209-Pb + 土壤微生物　； 參考：《華東理工大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著電子技術迅猛發(fā)展,電子垃圾已成為全球性的環(huán)境問題。電子垃圾中多溴聯(lián)苯醚和重金屬等有害物質進入土壤環(huán)境后,會嚴重危害生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和人體健康。本論文選取電子垃圾中典型的多溴聯(lián)苯醚(十溴聯(lián)苯醚,BDE209)和重金屬(鉛,Pb)作為目標污染物,赤子愛勝蚓(Eisenia fetida)作為模式生物,研究土壤微生物和蚯蚓對BDE209-Pb復合污染土壤的生物修復作用,以及BDE209-Pb對土壤微生物和蚯蚓的毒性效應。主要結論如下:(1)與對照組相比,蚯蚓能顯著促進土壤中BDE209和Pb的去除(p0.05),28 d后CS1和CS5實驗組土壤中BDE209的去除率分別為14.12%和14.93%,CS2和CS3實驗組土壤中Pb的去除率分別為23.96%和25.71%。土壤污染初期(2 d),Pb主要以CAR-Pb和FeMnOX-Pb兩種形態(tài)存在,Pb風險水平較高(LV4,LV5)。在微生物作用下Pb逐漸轉化為FeMnOX-Pb和OMB-Pb兩種更穩(wěn)定形態(tài),生物有效性降低,28 d后Pb風險水平降至中等或低水平(LV2,LV3)。然而,蚯蚓的存在增加了土壤中EXCH-Pb和CAR-Pb的含量。(2)土壤對Pb有較強的吸附作用,且吸附特征符合Langmuir和Freundlich等溫吸附方程(R2分別為0.994和0.978)。土壤pH、氧化還原電位Eh和腐殖質含量等會對Pb的形態(tài)產(chǎn)生影響。pH越高、Eh值越低、腐殖質特別是胡敏酸含量越高,Pb有效性越低。此外,微生物對Pb也有一定吸附作用,這可能與微生物細胞中O-H、C-H、C=O、O-C=O、N-H、C-O、C-O-C 等基團有關。(3)土壤中BDE209和Pb會抑制微生物的生長,導致微生物生物量和土壤呼吸強度下降,且表現(xiàn)出明顯的劑量效應關系(p0.05或0.01)。與空白組相比,S1、S2、S3、S4和S5實驗組土壤呼吸強度分別減少了 5.41%、14.19%、32.43%、39.19%和39.86%(28 d)。而蚯蚓的存在會提高微生物生物量和土壤呼吸強度,2d后CS1實驗組土壤呼吸強度達到28.3mgCO2kg-1 d-1,是S1實驗組的兩倍(p0.01)。此外,第14d兩中體系土壤中EXCH-Pb濃度與土壤呼吸強度的劑量-效應關系顯著(R2分別為0.949和0.988),兩者高度顯著的相關性關系可以用來評價土壤生態(tài)風險。(4)BDE209和Pb會對蚯蚓造成急性毒性損傷,符合劑量/時間效應關系(暴露72 h時R2分別為0.933和0.940),其中Pb對蚯蚓的毒害作用更大。暴露28 d后,低濃度脅迫會顯著誘導蚯蚓SOD活性(p0.01),而高濃度脅迫會損害蚯蚓細胞并抑制SOD和CAT活性(p0.01或0.05)。此外,BDE209和Pb也會對蚯蚓溶酶體膜造成損害,且污染物濃度越高,損害程度越大(p0.01)。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of electronic technology, electronic waste has become a global environmental problem. The harmful substances such as PBDEs and heavy metals in e-waste will seriously endanger ecosystem and human health when they enter the soil environment. In this paper, the typical polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDE209) and heavy metals (Pb Pb) in electronic waste were selected as target pollutants and Eisenia fetida as model organism. The effects of soil microorganisms and earthworms on bioremediation of BDE209-Pb contaminated soil and toxicity of BDE209-Pb on soil microbes and earthworms were studied. The main conclusions were as follows: compared with the control group, earthworm could significantly promote the removal of BDE209 and Pb from the soil. After 28 days, the removal rates of BDE209 in the experimental groups of CS1 and CS5 were 14.12% and 14.93% respectively. The removal rates of BDE209 in the experimental groups were 23.96% and 25.71%, respectively. In the initial stage of soil pollution, the main forms of CAR-Pb and FeMnOX-Pb are CAR-Pb and FeMnOX-Pb, and the risk level of Pb is higher than that of LV4 / LV5. Under the action of microorganism, Pb was gradually transformed into two more stable forms, FeMnOX-Pb and OMB-Pb, and the Pb risk level decreased to the middle or low level of LV2 / LV3 after 28 days of reduction of bioavailability. However, the presence of earthworms increased the contents of EXCH-Pb and CAR-Pb in soil. Soil pH, redox potential (Eh) and humus content will affect the morphology of Pb. The higher pH is, the lower the value of Eh is, and the higher the content of humus, especially Hu Min, the lower the availability of Pb. In addition, microbes can also adsorb Pb to some extent, which may be related to the groups such as O-HG C-HHCU, OO-CU, OOO-C and so on.) BDE209 and Pb in soil can inhibit the growth of microbes and lead to the decrease of microbial biomass and soil respiration intensity. And showed a significant dose-effect relationship (p0.05 or 0.01). Compared with the control group, the soil respiration intensity in the S1-S2S3-S4 and S5 groups decreased by 5.41% and 14.19%, respectively, and that in the control group was 39.19% and 39.86%, respectively. However, the presence of earthworms increased the microbial biomass and soil respiration intensity 2 days later, the soil respiration intensity of CS1 experimental group reached 28.3mgCO2kg-1 d-1, which was twice than that of S1 experimental group (p0.01). In addition, On the 14th day, the dose-effect relationship between soil EXCH-Pb concentration and soil respiration was 0.949 and 0.988, respectively. The highly significant correlation between them could be used to evaluate the acute toxicity of soil ecological risk. The corresponding dose-time effect relationship (R2 was 0.933 and 0.940g respectively at 72 h exposure), in which Pb was more toxic to earthworms. After 28 days of exposure, the SOD activity of earthworms was significantly induced by low concentration stress, while the high concentration stress could damage earthworm cells and inhibit the activities of SOD and CAT (p0.01 or 0.05). In addition, BDE209 and Pb also caused damage to the lysosomal membrane of earthworm, and the higher the pollutant concentration, the greater the damage degree was.
【學位授予單位】：華東理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X53;X17

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