本文選題：數(shù)控機(jī)床　切入點(diǎn)：油膜厚度　出處：《安徽工程大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著現(xiàn)代工業(yè)及制造業(yè)的發(fā)展,傳統(tǒng)機(jī)床已經(jīng)滿足不了一些加工要求,普通導(dǎo)軌也跟不上高速、重載、高精度加工的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。所以,數(shù)控機(jī)床已經(jīng)越來越多地出現(xiàn)在工廠的加工車間,靜壓導(dǎo)軌也因其優(yōu)越的性能被廣泛地應(yīng)用于機(jī)床上。油膜厚度控制對(duì)數(shù)控機(jī)床靜壓導(dǎo)軌影響較大,因而有必要對(duì)其進(jìn)行深入研究。本文以靜壓導(dǎo)軌油膜厚度控制為中心,對(duì)導(dǎo)軌結(jié)構(gòu)、液壓系統(tǒng)、油腔結(jié)構(gòu)及其流場(chǎng)以及油膜厚度控制系統(tǒng)展開建模方法研究。本文論述了機(jī)床靜壓導(dǎo)軌的基本理論,確定了機(jī)床靜壓導(dǎo)軌油膜厚度控制的整體方案,并設(shè)計(jì)了液體靜壓導(dǎo)軌結(jié)構(gòu),對(duì)靜壓導(dǎo)軌的液壓系統(tǒng)元件進(jìn)行選型,對(duì)液壓系統(tǒng)的性能進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)算,利用AMESim對(duì)數(shù)控機(jī)床靜壓導(dǎo)軌液壓系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行建模與仿真;對(duì)靜壓導(dǎo)軌油腔進(jìn)行三維建模,通過Gambit對(duì)油腔模型進(jìn)行網(wǎng)格劃分,最后將劃分好的網(wǎng)格導(dǎo)入Fluent軟件進(jìn)行計(jì)算,獲得油腔的壓力分布規(guī)律云圖與油液速度矢量圖;根據(jù)仿真分析獲取的結(jié)果,研究出了油腔壓力分布規(guī)律;計(jì)算導(dǎo)軌的油液作用總力并建立導(dǎo)軌流量方程、導(dǎo)軌受力方程,并且對(duì)這兩個(gè)方程進(jìn)行線性化,得到油膜厚度控制系統(tǒng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型。對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)模型狀態(tài)空間進(jìn)行求解,分析了系統(tǒng)的靜態(tài)特性;設(shè)計(jì)出了油膜厚度控制PID控制器,并進(jìn)行仿真;利用極點(diǎn)配置方法對(duì)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化;搭建靜壓導(dǎo)軌油膜厚度控制實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái),對(duì)液壓系統(tǒng)的油溫及壓力進(jìn)行檢測(cè),完成了對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)整機(jī)性能的測(cè)試。通過本課題的研究,設(shè)計(jì)了機(jī)床靜壓導(dǎo)軌液壓控制系統(tǒng),并對(duì)液壓系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了仿真分析,同時(shí)也對(duì)導(dǎo)軌油腔的壓力分布做了仿真分析,得到的仿真結(jié)果基本符合實(shí)際情況。建立了油膜厚膜控制系統(tǒng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型,并對(duì)其控制特性進(jìn)行了研究,將PID控制應(yīng)用到控制系統(tǒng)中,控制系統(tǒng)的控制特性較好,通過極點(diǎn)配置方法對(duì)控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化。
[Abstract]:With the development of modern industry and manufacturing industry, traditional machine tools can not meet some processing requirements, and ordinary guideways can not keep up with the development trend of high-speed, heavy-duty and high-precision machining. Numerical control machine tools have appeared more and more in the workshop of the factory, and hydrostatic guide rail has been widely used in machine tools because of its superior performance. The control of oil film thickness has a great influence on the static pressure guide rail of numerical control machine tools. Therefore, it is necessary to carry on the thorough research. This article regards the hydrostatic guide rail oil film thickness control as the center, regarding the guide rail structure, the hydraulic system, The modeling method of oil cavity structure and flow field and oil film thickness control system is studied. In this paper, the basic theory of hydrostatic guide rail of machine tool is discussed, and the integral scheme of oil film thickness control for static guide rail of machine tool is determined. The structure of hydrostatic guide rail is designed, the hydraulic system components of hydrostatic guide rail are selected, the performance of hydraulic system is checked and calculated, and the hydraulic system of numerical control machine tool is modeled and simulated by AMESim. The three-dimensional modeling of the hydrostatic guideway oil cavity is carried out, and the oil cavity model is meshed by Gambit. Finally, the grid is imported into the Fluent software to calculate the pressure distribution law of the oil chamber and the vector diagram of the oil velocity. According to the results obtained from simulation analysis, the pressure distribution law of oil chamber is studied, the total force of oil acting on guide rail is calculated, the flow equation of guide rail and the force equation of guide rail are established, and the two equations are linearized. The mathematical model of the oil film thickness control system is obtained. The state space of the mathematical model is solved, the static characteristics of the system are analyzed, and the oil film thickness control PID controller is designed and simulated. The system is optimized by pole assignment method, the oil film thickness control test bench is built, the oil temperature and pressure of hydraulic system are measured, and the performance of the whole machine is tested. The hydraulic control system of the static guide rail of machine tool is designed, and the simulation analysis of the hydraulic system is carried out. At the same time, the pressure distribution of the oil chamber of the guide rail is also simulated and analyzed. The simulation results are basically in line with the actual situation. The mathematical model of the oil film thick film control system is established, and its control characteristics are studied. The PID control is applied to the control system, and the control characteristics of the control system are better. The control system is optimized by pole assignment method.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TG659

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