【摘要】：伏牛山區(qū)屬于從溫帶落葉闊葉林到亞熱帶常綠闊葉林的過渡型地帶,該地區(qū)氣侯比較濕潤,且垂直變化非常明顯,森林覆蓋率高,油料植物資源非常豐富。生物柴油是一種新型的生物質(zhì)能源,發(fā)展生物柴油產(chǎn)業(yè)可以緩解能源短缺帶來的壓力,還能減輕環(huán)境污染,對經(jīng)濟的可持續(xù)發(fā)展和人類社會與自然環(huán)境的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展具有重要的戰(zhàn)略意義,但是原料問題很大程度上制約著我國生物柴油產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。南陽伏牛山區(qū)的油料植物資源儲量非常豐富,但是開發(fā)利用十分有限,造成了資源浪費。篩選出優(yōu)質(zhì)的油料植物,用于發(fā)展生物柴油,.成為解決能源危機,實現(xiàn)能源的可持續(xù)發(fā)展的有效途徑。根據(jù)伏牛山區(qū)植物資源多樣性及分布規(guī)律,于2014年4月到2016年8月,在伏牛山區(qū)選定了煙鎮(zhèn)林區(qū)、老界嶺林區(qū)、寶天曼國家級自然保護區(qū)、南召寶天曼林區(qū)、石人山林區(qū)、方城縣、南召縣、西峽縣、內(nèi)鄉(xiāng)縣、淅川縣、丹江庫區(qū)等地為重點調(diào)查區(qū)域,并分別在所選區(qū)域的高、中、低山區(qū)的主峰、山脊、陽坡、陰坡、山谷、河流、濕地等不同生境內(nèi)設(shè)調(diào)查點開展調(diào)查工作,共調(diào)查到伏牛山區(qū)野生油料植物189種,隸屬于42科94屬。把采集到的實物標本、文字信息標本和數(shù)字信息標本(包括物種及其地理位置、植被、群落及生境的數(shù)字照片),以及利用高精度航跡記錄儀采集航跡數(shù)據(jù),經(jīng)過信息處理,對物種進行鑒定整理,在此基礎(chǔ)上分別構(gòu)建了基于Google Earth的伏牛山區(qū)油料植物多樣性數(shù)字化信息平臺和基于CFH的伏牛山區(qū)油料植物多樣性數(shù)字化信息平臺。在野外調(diào)查的同時,與南陽師范學(xué)院和河南天太伏牛山植物園有限公司等協(xié)作單位合作,采集了部分油料植物種子等繁殖器官,分別在南陽師范學(xué)院科技示范農(nóng)場和西峽縣伏牛山植物園進行引種馴化試驗,初步成功引種馴化油料植物35科112種,其中豆科和槭樹科植物最多,各為13種；大戟科和樟科的植物種數(shù)次之,分別為9種和7種；蕓香科、菊科和漆樹科,各為5種；其它科植物種類較少。引種試驗結(jié)果顯示這112種油料植物具有較強的適應(yīng)性。
[Abstract]:Funiu Mountain area belongs to the transitional zone from temperate deciduous broad-leaf forest to subtropical evergreen broad-leaf forest. The climate in this area is relatively humid, and the vertical change is very obvious, the forest coverage is high, and the oil plant resources are very rich. Biodiesel is a new type of biomass energy. The development of biodiesel industry can alleviate the pressure caused by energy shortage and reduce environmental pollution. It is of great strategic significance to the sustainable development of economy and the coordinated development of human society and natural environment. However, the problem of raw materials restricts the development of biodiesel industry in China to a great extent. The reserves of oil plant resources in Funiu Mountain area of Nanyang are very rich, but the development and utilization are very limited, resulting in waste of resources. High quality oil plants were screened out for the development of biodiesel. It has become an effective way to solve the energy crisis and realize the sustainable development of energy. According to the diversity and distribution of plant resources in Funiu Mountain area, from April 2014 to August 2016, Yanzhen forest area, Laojieling forest area, Baotianman national nature reserve, Nanzhao Baotianman forest area, Shiren mountain forest area, Fangcheng County, Nanzhao County, Xixia County, Neixiang County, Xichuan County, Danjiang Reservoir area and other places were selected as the main peaks and ridges of the selected areas. There are 189 species of wild oil plants belonging to 42 families and 94 genus in Funiu Mountain area, such as sunny slope, shady slope, valley, river, wetland and so on. The collected physical specimens, text information specimens and digital information specimens (including digital photographs of species and their geographical location, vegetation, communities and habitats), as well as the use of high-precision track recorder to collect track data, through information processing, species identification and collation, On this basis, the digital information platform of oil plant diversity based on Google Earth and the digital information platform of oil plant diversity based on CFH were constructed respectively. At the same time of field investigation, in cooperation with Nanyang normal University and Henan Tiantaiwu Mountain Botanical Garden Co., Ltd., some breeding organs such as oil plant seeds were collected and domesticated experiments were carried out at Nanyang normal University Science and Technology demonstration Farm and Funiu Mountain Botanical Garden of Xixia County. 112 species of domesticated oil plants were introduced successfully, among which leguminous plants and Acer species were the most. The species of Euphorbia officinalis and Lauraceae were 9 species and 7 species respectively, 5 species of Rutaceae, Compositae and lacquer tree, and less species of other families. The results of introduction experiment showed that the 112 kinds of oil plants had strong adaptability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南陽師范學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：Q949.93

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