發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-26 08:18

【摘要】：纓翅目昆蟲俗稱薊馬,在世界范圍內(nèi)廣泛分布。一些植食性種類可對(duì)農(nóng)作物造成直接危害,或傳播植物病毒,如世界性檢疫害蟲西花薊馬Frankliniella occidentalis,是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的嚴(yán)重威脅。纓翅目包含2亞目8科約700屬近6000種,目前僅有薊馬科內(nèi)的6種線粒體全基因組完成測(cè)定,其線粒體基因組的進(jìn)化速率和基因重排程度均顯著高于大多數(shù)昆蟲,僅次于虱目昆蟲;其中茶黃硬薊馬Scirtothrips dorsalis的南亞種群1(SA1)還發(fā)現(xiàn)了線粒體基因組的裂化現(xiàn)象。為進(jìn)一步研究纓翅目線粒體基因組結(jié)構(gòu)的多樣性和進(jìn)化規(guī)律,本研究通過PCR擴(kuò)增和高通量測(cè)序方法測(cè)定2亞目3科4屬4種薊馬的線粒體基因組全序列,這4種薊馬分別是玉米黃呆薊馬Anaphothrips obscurus、美洲棘薊馬Echinothrips amerianus、帶紋薊馬Desmothrips sp.和面靈薊馬Idolothrips spectrum。結(jié)合GenBank公布數(shù)據(jù),本研究對(duì)纓翅目?jī)?nèi)3科9個(gè)種的線粒體基因組進(jìn)行了比較基因組學(xué)與系統(tǒng)進(jìn)化分析,結(jié)果表明:(1)纓翅目線粒體基因組的大小在14.6 kb-15.7kb,主要由不同物種線粒體基因組非編碼區(qū)(控制區(qū))的數(shù)量和長(zhǎng)度的差異導(dǎo)致;普遍具有較高的AT含量,在74.8-92.5%范圍內(nèi)。(2)纓翅目線粒體基因組裂化現(xiàn)象不具有普遍性,僅在茶黃硬薊馬SA1中發(fā)現(xiàn)線粒體基因組裂化為2個(gè)環(huán)狀基因組,其余測(cè)定的薊馬線粒體基因組均為單環(huán),包含37個(gè)編碼基因。(3)纓翅目線粒體基因組的基因排列方式多樣,每個(gè)測(cè)序的物種都發(fā)生了高度的基因重排并具有自己獨(dú)特的基因排列方式,同屬的不同物種間的基因排列方式都存在差異;與節(jié)肢動(dòng)物的祖先基因排列方式相比,薊馬線粒體基因組中只發(fā)現(xiàn)了2個(gè)保守的基因簇(ATP8-ATP6和ND5-tRNAHis-ND4-ND4L),且各物種基因排序與節(jié)肢動(dòng)物祖先基因排序的斷點(diǎn)距離(breakpoints)在27-33之間,可見該類昆蟲線粒體基因重排程度之高。(4)纓翅目線粒體基因組的基因重排程度的差異性與物種間的親緣關(guān)系存在聯(lián)系。親緣關(guān)系越遠(yuǎn)的物種之間,基因重排的差異程度越高,如管尾亞目與鋸尾亞目物種間基因排序的斷點(diǎn)距離為29-34,鋸尾亞目科間物種基因排序的斷點(diǎn)距離為22-28,薊馬科內(nèi)屬間物種基因排序的斷點(diǎn)距離為9-25,而花薊馬屬內(nèi)物種基因排序的斷點(diǎn)距離為5。本研究補(bǔ)充了 4種薊馬的線粒體全基因組的數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)纓翅目線粒體基因組從大小,組成和結(jié)構(gòu)方面進(jìn)行了比較分析,重建并驗(yàn)證了此前纓翅目?jī)?nèi)的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關(guān)系,對(duì)于纓翅目線粒體基因組的進(jìn)化的理解提供新的思路。
[Abstract]:Tassel insects, commonly known as thrips, are widely distributed all over the world. Some phytophagous species can cause direct harm to crops or spread plant viruses, such as Frankliniella occidentalis, a worldwide quarantine pest, is a serious threat to agricultural production. Tasseloptera contains nearly 6000 species belonging to 700 families and 2 suborders. At present, only 6 species of mtDNA in thrips have been determined, and the evolution rate and gene rearrangement degree of mtDNA are significantly higher than those of most insects, second only to lice insects, and the cracking phenomenon of mtDNA was also found in South Asia population 1 (SA1) of Scirtothrips dorsalis. In order to further study the diversity and evolution of mitochondrial genome structure, the complete mtDNA sequence of 4 species of thrips belonging to 4 genus and 3 families of 2 suborders was determined by PCR amplification and high throughput sequencing. These four thrips are Anaphothrips obscurus, American thrips Echinothrips amerianus, striped thrips sp.. And noodle thrips Idolothrips spectrum. Based on the data published by GenBank, the comparative genomes and phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA of 3 families and 9 species were carried out in this study. The results showed that: (1) the size of mtDNA in 14.6 kb-15.7kb, was mainly caused by the difference of the number and length of noncoding regions (control regions) of mtDNA in different species; The content of AT was generally high, in the range of 74.8 鈮，

本文編號(hào)：2506052