【摘要】：露天礦區(qū)排土場的植被恢復是在土壤基質改良的基礎上對適生植物進行選取,達到有效改善土壤,增強邊坡穩(wěn)定性,使得排土場適宜植被快速恢復,為改善周邊生態(tài)環(huán)境提供理論和技術支持。本文以準東紅沙泉露天礦排土場為研究對象,對排土場和周邊土壤的土壤理化性質以及土壤三大微生物的數(shù)量進行實驗室分析,研究其分布特征;系統(tǒng)評價排土場和周邊土壤質量現(xiàn)狀;在利用排土場土壤質量評價結果的基礎上,采用正交試驗進行土壤改良,篩選出土壤改良基質優(yōu)方案及適宜排土場生長耐旱性強的植物。主要得到以下結論:1.露天礦排土場和周邊土壤特征分析:排土場土壤屬于堿性土,植物難以生存;土壤容重大,含水量相對少,導致土壤容易板結;土壤養(yǎng)分含量低,達到極缺的水平,周邊土壤相對排土場總體較好;露天礦排土場的土壤微生物在種類和數(shù)量上存在差異,土壤三大微生物的數(shù)量在排土場和周邊土壤的總體分布特征為:細菌放線菌真菌。2.土壤質量評價結果表明:根據(jù)加權和法指數(shù)評價模型算出的排土場的SQI值是0.339,周邊土壤SQI值是0.484,由此可知,排土場的土壤屬于較低水平,周邊的土壤屬于中等水平。3.土壤改良基質優(yōu)方案的選擇:正交試驗結果采用極差和方差分析,地上干重的優(yōu)方案為A3B4C4D1,地上鮮重的優(yōu)方案A3B4C4D4,地下鮮重的優(yōu)方案為A2B1C4D1,出苗率優(yōu)方案為A3B2C3D2,株高優(yōu)方案為A4B2C3D4。利用綜合平衡法得到試驗優(yōu)方案為A4B2C4D4,即A(保水劑)20g,B(羊糞)1.5g,C(秸稈)140g,D(腐植酸)60g。4.抗旱性植物的篩選結果:在持續(xù)干旱脅迫和復水處理,7種植物的脯氨酸表現(xiàn)出的下降趨勢;丙二醛表現(xiàn)出上升的趨勢;葉綠素熒光參數(shù)F0上升、Fv、Fv/Fm和Fv/F0下降,幅度和速度均隨脅迫強度的增加而加快;指標的變化因品種的抗旱性差異而不同。通過隸屬函數(shù)法得出7種植物的綜合抗旱能力強弱為:梭梭冷蒿檸條沙拐棗沙冬青四翅濱藜白沙蒿。
[Abstract]:The vegetation restoration of dump in opencast mining area is to select suitable plants on the basis of soil matrix improvement, so as to improve the soil effectively, enhance the stability of slope, and make the suitable vegetation of dump site recover rapidly. To provide theoretical and technical support for improving the surrounding ecological environment. In this paper, the soil physical and chemical properties of the dump and the surrounding soil and the number of three microorganisms in the soil were analyzed in laboratory, and the distribution characteristics of the dump site and the surrounding soil were studied by taking the drainage site of quasi-East Hongshaquan Open Pit Mine as the research object. The present situation of soil quality in and around the dump was systematically evaluated, and on the basis of the evaluation results of soil quality in the dump, the orthogonal test was used to improve the soil, and the optimal scheme of soil improvement matrix and the plants with strong drought tolerance were selected. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. Analysis of soil characteristics of open pit mine dump and its surrounding soil: the soil belongs to alkaline soil and it is difficult for plants to survive, the soil capacity is large and the water content is relatively small, which leads to the easy consolidation of soil. The soil nutrient content is low, reaching the extremely deficient level, the surrounding soil relative to the dump field is better as a whole; There are differences in species and quantity of soil microorganisms in open pit dump. The overall distribution characteristics of the three microorganisms in the dump and the surrounding soil are as follows: bacterial actinomycetes fungi. 2. The results of soil quality evaluation show that the SQI value of the dump calculated according to the weighted sum index evaluation model is 0.339, and the SQI value of the surrounding soil is 0.484. it can be seen that the soil of the dump belongs to the lower level. The surrounding soil is of medium level. 3. Selection of optimal scheme for soil improvement matrix: the results of orthogonal test were as follows: the optimal scheme of dry weight on ground was A3B4C4D1, the optimal scheme of fresh weight on ground was A3B4C4D4, the optimal scheme of underground fresh weight was A2B1C4D1, and the optimal scheme of emergence rate was A3B2C3D2. The optimal scheme of plant height was A4B2C3D4. The optimum scheme was A4B2C4D4, that is, A (water retaining agent) 20g, B (sheep dung) 1.5g, C (straw) 140g, D (humic acid) 60g 路4, the optimum scheme was A4B2C4D4, B (sheep manure) 1.5g, C (straw) 140g, D (humic acid) 60g. 4. The screening results of drought-resistant plants showed that proline decreased, malondialdehyde (MDA) showed an upward trend under continuous drought stress and rehydration treatment. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters F0 increased, Fv,Fv/Fm and Fv/F0 decreased, and the amplitude and speed increased with the increase of stress intensity, and the changes of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters varied with the difference of drought resistance of varieties. Through the method of membership function, the comprehensive drought resistance of seven species of plants was obtained as follows: Artemisia ammodendron, Caragana korshinskii, Euphorbia pulcherrima, Tripterygium aestivum, Artemisia artemisia.
【學位授予單位】：新疆大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：Q948

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