【摘要】：化石燃料的消耗,一方面加速不可再生資源的枯竭,另一方面造成環(huán)境污染。相比較化石燃料燃燒產(chǎn)生的CO_2,新型能源產(chǎn)生的CO_2要低得多。隨著全球能源危機(jī)及環(huán)境污染的加劇,急需尋求一種綠色可再生的“不與人爭(zhēng)糧,不與糧爭(zhēng)地”的能源作物。一方面減輕能源危機(jī),另一方面降低環(huán)境污染。浮萍是一種分布廣泛的水生浮游植物,生長(zhǎng)速度快,木質(zhì)素含量低,具有淀粉含量高等特點(diǎn)。針對(duì)全球能源危機(jī)以及浮萍所具有的優(yōu)點(diǎn),通過(guò)研究脫落酸(ABA)誘導(dǎo)紫背浮萍淀粉的合成以及其中的機(jī)理,為浮萍作為潛在的能源作物提供理論基礎(chǔ)。本研究以Spirodela polyrrhiza為研究對(duì)象,通過(guò)研究ABA濃度(0,1.0×10~(-5),1.0×10~(-4),1.0×10~(-3),1.0×10~(-2),1.0×10~(-1)mg/L)對(duì)浮萍生物量的增長(zhǎng)率,CO_2固定和光合色素(葉綠素a,葉綠素b和類胡蘿卜素)的形成,控制淀粉合成有關(guān)酶(淀粉分支酶(SBE),可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)和葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGPase)),淀粉顆粒粒徑,葉狀體上表皮氣孔孔徑的大小和密度以及控制AGPase活性的基因APL的影響,探究浮萍淀粉激增的機(jī)理。在1.0×10~(-4)mg/L ABA下固定的CO_2最多,葉狀體上表皮氣孔孔徑的大小和密度均證明了在1.0×10~(-4)mg/L ABA下固定的CO_2最多。ABA的加入均會(huì)增加光合素色的含量。有助于紫背浮萍捕捉光能用于CO_2和水合成有機(jī)物。在1.0×10~(-4)mg/L ABA下生物量最高,SBE活性達(dá)到最大,SSS活性較高均有助于淀粉的合成和浮萍的生長(zhǎng)。在1.0×10~(-2)mg/L ABA下,AGPase活性和APL2的表達(dá)最高,淀粉顆粒最多,密度最高,生物增長(zhǎng)率降低,生長(zhǎng)降低,消耗減少,有利于淀粉的積累。ABA增加APL2的表達(dá),促進(jìn)AGPase活性,從而促進(jìn)淀粉的積累。在1.0×10~(-2)mg/L ABA下,浮萍的淀粉含量最高(35.3%干重(DW)),比空白增加了76.5%。這些結(jié)果表明ABA能夠加強(qiáng)水生植物紫背浮萍將無(wú)機(jī)碳轉(zhuǎn)化為有機(jī)碳淀粉,從而替代玉米、甘蔗,或其他作為淀粉來(lái)源的糧食作物。
[Abstract]:Fossil fuel consumption, on the one hand, accelerates the depletion of non-renewable resources, on the other hand, causes environmental pollution. The CO_2 produced by fossil fuel combustion is much lower than that generated by the new energy source CO_2,. With the aggravation of global energy crisis and environmental pollution, it is urgent to seek a kind of green and renewable energy crop, which is "not competing with people for grain, not competing with grain for land". On the one hand, reduce the energy crisis, on the other hand, reduce environmental pollution. Duckweed is a widely distributed aquatic phytoplankton, which has the characteristics of fast growth, low lignin content and high starch content. In view of the global energy crisis and the advantages of duckweed, the synthesis and mechanism of duckweed starch induced by abscisic acid (ABA) were studied in order to provide a theoretical basis for duckweed as a potential energy crop. In this study, the effects of ABA concentration (0,1.0 脳 10 ~ (- 5), 1.0 脳 10 ~ (- 4), 1.0 脳 10 ~ (- 3), 1.0 脳 10 ~ (- 2), 1.0 脳 10 ~ (- 1) mg/L) on the biomass of duckweed were studied. CO_2 immobilization and the formation of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid), controlling starch synthesis related enzymes (starch branching enzyme (SBE), soluble starch synthetase (SSS) and glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase),). The effects of starch particle size, stomatal pore size and density of epidermis on leaf body and gene APL controlling AGPase activity were investigated to explore the mechanism of starch proliferation in duckweed. The most CO_2 was fixed at 1.0 脳 10 ~ (- 4) mg/L ABA. Both the size and density of stomatal pore size in the epidermis of the leaf body indicated that the most CO_2 was fixed at 1.0 脳 10 ~ (- 4) mg/L ABA. The addition of ABA could increase the content of photosynthetic hormone color. It is helpful to capture light energy of duckweed for CO_2 and hydration to form organic matter. Under the condition of 1.0 脳 10 ~ (- 4) mg/L ABA, the biomass was the highest, the activity of SBE was the highest, and the higher activity of SSS was beneficial to the synthesis of starch and the growth of duckweed. In 1.0 脳 10 ~ (- 2) mg/L ABA, the activity of AGPase and the expression of APL2 were the highest, the starch granules were the most, the density was the highest, the biological growth rate decreased, the growth decreased, and the consumption decreased, which was beneficial to the accumulation of starch. ABA increased the expression of APL2. Promote the activity of AGPase, thus promote the accumulation of starch. Under the condition of 1.0 脳 10 ~ (- 2) mg/L ABA, the starch content of duckweed was the highest (35.3% dry weight (DW), increased by 76.5% compared with blank). These results suggest that ABA can enhance the conversion of inorganic carbon into organic carbon starch, which can replace corn, sugarcane, or other food crops as starch sources.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：Q946

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