【摘要】：氣液兩相流廣泛地存在于石油、化工等工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程中。近年來,小型化成為工業(yè)設(shè)備的一個(gè)重要發(fā)展方向,小管道下的氣液兩相流參數(shù)檢測(cè)成為兩相流領(lǐng)域研究的新熱點(diǎn)。但是,目前小管道氣液兩相流相關(guān)參數(shù)的檢測(cè)技術(shù)研究仍處在起步階段,現(xiàn)有的檢測(cè)方法通常是借鑒常規(guī)管道下的測(cè)量方法,急需進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的研究。因此,進(jìn)行小管道氣液兩相流的參數(shù)測(cè)量研究具有重要的科研意義與工程應(yīng)用價(jià)值。本學(xué)位論文以小管道氣液兩相流為研究對(duì)象,利用光電池陣列傳感器和差壓傳感器對(duì)小管道氣液兩相流的流型識(shí)別和相含率測(cè)量方法進(jìn)行了研究,主要工作和創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)如下:1.設(shè)計(jì)并搭建了基于光電池陣列傳感器和差壓傳感器的小管道氣液兩相流參數(shù)測(cè)量裝置。設(shè)計(jì)了適用于小管道的差壓信號(hào)采集系統(tǒng);對(duì)已有的光電池陣列傳感器進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì);并分別在內(nèi)徑為2.12mm、3.01mm和4.03mm的小管道內(nèi)進(jìn)行了氣液兩相流實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。2.提出了基于光電池信號(hào)和差壓信號(hào)信息融合的小管道氣液兩相流流型識(shí)別方法。該方法首先對(duì)所采集到的不同流型下的光電池信號(hào)和差壓信號(hào)進(jìn)行分析,分別提取信號(hào)特征并構(gòu)成相應(yīng)的特征向量;然后,利用最小二乘支持向量機(jī)分別建立基于光電池信號(hào)和差壓信號(hào)的兩種流型識(shí)別模型并進(jìn)行流型識(shí)別;最后,利用D-S證據(jù)理論對(duì)基于光電池信號(hào)和差壓信號(hào)的流型識(shí)別結(jié)果進(jìn)行決策層信息融合,得到最終的流型識(shí)別結(jié)果。利用所提出的方法對(duì)三種不同內(nèi)徑小管道下的氣液兩相流進(jìn)行流型識(shí)別實(shí)驗(yàn)(實(shí)驗(yàn)中觀察到的流型有:泡狀流、段塞流、波狀流和環(huán)狀流),結(jié)果表明,相比于基于單個(gè)傳感器信號(hào)的流型識(shí)別,整體識(shí)別的準(zhǔn)確率有所提高,達(dá)到91%以上。3.利用光電池信號(hào),提出了一種基于流型的小管道氣液兩相流相含率測(cè)量方法。首先,針對(duì)每一種流型,利用光電池信號(hào),結(jié)合最小二乘支持向量機(jī)建立相應(yīng)的相含率測(cè)量模型;其次,根據(jù)本文提出的流型識(shí)別方法得到小管道氣液兩相流流型識(shí)別結(jié)果,選擇相應(yīng)流型下的相含率測(cè)量模型實(shí)現(xiàn)相含率的測(cè)量。對(duì)三種不同內(nèi)徑的小管道內(nèi)的氣液兩相流進(jìn)行了相含率測(cè)量實(shí)驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明,相含率測(cè)量整體絕對(duì)誤差均在8%以內(nèi),利用本文所提出的方法對(duì)小管道氣液兩相流的相含率進(jìn)行測(cè)量是可行的。本文在信息融合的框架下,結(jié)合差壓傳感器和優(yōu)化后的光電池陣列傳感器,實(shí)現(xiàn)了小管道氣液兩相流流型的識(shí)別和相含率的測(cè)量,為小管道氣液兩相流的參數(shù)測(cè)量提供了一定的借鑒。
[Abstract]:Gas-liquid two-phase flow widely exists in petroleum, chemical and other industrial processes. In recent years, miniaturization has become an important development direction of industrial equipment, and the detection of gas-liquid two-phase flow parameters in small pipelines has become a new research hotspot in the field of two-phase flow. However, at present, the detection technology of gas-liquid two-phase flow parameters in small pipeline is still in its infancy, and the existing detection methods are usually used for reference under the conventional pipeline, so it is urgent to carry out further research. Therefore, the parameter measurement of gas-liquid two-phase flow in small pipeline has important scientific research significance and engineering application value. In this dissertation, the flow pattern identification and phase holdup measurement of gas-liquid two-phase flow in small pipeline are studied by using photocell array sensor and differential pressure sensor. The main work and innovation are as follows: 1. Based on the photocell array sensor and differential pressure sensor, a measuring device of gas and liquid two phase flow parameters in small pipeline is designed and built. The differential pressure signal acquisition system suitable for small pipeline is designed, the existing photocell array sensor is optimized, and the gas-liquid two-phase flow experimental research is carried out in the small pipe with the inner diameter of 2.12mm ~ 3.01mm and 4.03mm respectively. 2. A flow pattern identification method for gas-liquid two-phase flow in a small pipeline based on the fusion of photocell signal and differential pressure signal is proposed. In this method, the photovoltaic signals and differential pressure signals collected under different flow patterns are analyzed, and the characteristics of the signals are extracted and the corresponding feature vectors are constructed. Then, two kinds of flow pattern recognition models based on photovoltaic signal and differential pressure signal are established by using least square support vector machine (LS-SVM), and flow pattern identification is carried out. Finally, using D-S evidence theory, the flow pattern recognition results based on photovoltaic signal and differential pressure signal are fused to obtain the final flow pattern identification results. Using the proposed method, the flow pattern identification experiment is carried out for three kinds of gas-liquid two-phase flow in three different inner diameter small pipes. The experimental results show that the flow patterns are bubble flow, slug flow, wave-like flow and annular flow, and the results show that the flow patterns are: bubbly flow, slug flow, wave-like flow and annular flow. Compared with the flow pattern recognition based on single sensor signal, the accuracy of the whole recognition is improved to over 91%. Based on the photocell signal, a method for measuring the phase holdup of gas-liquid two-phase flow in a small pipeline is proposed. Firstly, a phase holdup measurement model based on least square support vector machine (LS-SVM) and photocell signal is established for each flow pattern. Secondly, according to the flow pattern identification method proposed in this paper, the gas-liquid two-phase flow pattern identification results are obtained, and the phase holdup measurement model under the corresponding flow pattern is selected to realize the phase holdup measurement. The phase holdup of gas-liquid two-phase flow in three kinds of small pipes with different internal diameters is measured. The results show that the total absolute error of phase holdup measurement is less than 8%. It is feasible to measure the phase holdup of gas-liquid two-phase flow in small pipeline by using the method proposed in this paper. In the framework of information fusion, the differential pressure sensor and the optimized photocell array sensor are combined to realize the identification of flow pattern and the measurement of phase holdup of gas-liquid two-phase flow in small pipeline. It provides a reference for the parameter measurement of gas-liquid two-phase flow in small pipeline.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TP212;O359.1

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