【摘要】：本文基于2013-11、2014-04、2014-08和2014-12欽州灣海域4個(gè)月份的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù),研究了浮游植物的群落結(jié)構(gòu)特征及其與環(huán)境的適應(yīng),并采用PRIMER6進(jìn)行多元統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,結(jié)果如下:調(diào)查期間,欽州灣共鑒定出浮游植物187種(包括變型和變種),其中硅藻門(mén)126種,占浮游植物出現(xiàn)種數(shù)的67.38%;甲藻門(mén)54種,占28.88%;金藻門(mén)2種,黃藻門(mén)、藍(lán)藻門(mén)、定鞭藻門(mén)、裸藻門(mén)和隱藻門(mén)各1種。其中網(wǎng)采浮游植物6門(mén)54屬134種;水采浮游植物8門(mén)71屬148種。優(yōu)勢(shì)種季節(jié)間有明顯的演替現(xiàn)象,除了球形棕囊藻外,其余均為硅藻,并多為廣溫性種。不同季節(jié)的浮游植物細(xì)胞豐度差異明顯,網(wǎng)采與水采浮游植物在平面分布和季節(jié)變化上也不完全一致。網(wǎng)采豐度2014-08最高,2013-11最低;水采2014-12因棕囊藻豐度較大導(dǎo)致該月豐度最高。除2014-12月,其他3個(gè)月份浮游植物群落多樣性指數(shù)及均勻度指數(shù)趨勢(shì)基本一致且較高,物種較豐富,群落結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性較高。2014-12棕囊藻爆發(fā),對(duì)欽州灣浮游植物群落結(jié)構(gòu)和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性造成影響。營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽中DIN春夏季含量較低,平面分布總體南低北高;無(wú)機(jī)磷分布趨勢(shì)較為規(guī)律,高值區(qū)主要分布在近岸附近,在2014-04春季出現(xiàn)高值區(qū)向外海轉(zhuǎn)移的現(xiàn)象。使用PRIMER 6對(duì)欽州灣浮游植物群落進(jìn)行多元統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,對(duì)四個(gè)月份進(jìn)行CA聚類(lèi)分析和MDS多維標(biāo)度分析,結(jié)果均顯示四個(gè)月份浮游植物群落結(jié)構(gòu)存在差異。同時(shí)對(duì)群落差異性進(jìn)行ANOSIM檢驗(yàn),顯著性水平均為0.01,說(shuō)明不同季節(jié)浮游植物群落差異極其顯著。在成對(duì)檢驗(yàn)中,各季節(jié)月之間浮游植物群落也差異顯著。SIMPER分析中發(fā)現(xiàn)差異性種均是一些廣溫廣鹽種或暖溫帶近岸種,適宜欽州灣環(huán)境,同時(shí)網(wǎng)采和水采結(jié)果中引起差異的主要種基本一致。對(duì)各個(gè)月份環(huán)境因子PCA分析中,不同月份環(huán)境因子系數(shù)的差異表明不同時(shí)間環(huán)境因子表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的貢獻(xiàn)率和作用不同。BIOENV分析發(fā)現(xiàn),浮游植物細(xì)胞豐度與環(huán)境因子的相關(guān)系數(shù)大部分月份較高,說(shuō)明豐度與環(huán)境因子之間有良好的相關(guān)性。四個(gè)月份與浮游植物生長(zhǎng)相關(guān)性較高的是氮含量,以2013-11秋和2014-12初冬較為明顯;無(wú)機(jī)磷在2014-04也體現(xiàn)出與豐度的相關(guān)性;溫度、鹽度與豐度相關(guān)性主要體現(xiàn)在2014-08夏季。
[Abstract]:Based on the field survey data in Qinzhou Bay in 2013-11, 2014-04, 2014-08 and 2014-12, the characteristics of phytoplankton community structure and their adaptation to the environment were studied. PRIMER6 was used to carry out multivariate statistical analysis. The results are as follows: during the investigation, 187 species of phytoplankton (including forms and varieties) were identified in Qinzhou Bay, among which 126 species were diatoms, accounting for 67.38 species of phytoplankton. There are 54 species of Prorophyta, 2 species of Chlorella, 1 species of Xanthophyta, 1 species of Cyanophyta, 1 species of Phaeophyta and 1 species of Cryptophyta. Among them, there are 134 species of phytoplankton of 6 phyla, 54 genera, and 148 species of phytoplankton of 8 phyla, 71 genera. The dominant species showed obvious succession between seasons, except for Phaeocystis globosa, the other species were diatoms, and most of them were wide temperature species. The abundance of phytoplankton was different in different seasons, and the distribution and seasonal variation of phytoplankton in water and net were not completely consistent. The net harvest abundance was the highest in 2014-08, the lowest in 2013-11, and the highest in water harvesting 2014-12 due to the large abundance of Phaeocystis. Except for 2014-12, the trend of diversity index and evenness index of phytoplankton community in the other three months were basically the same and higher, the species were abundant, and the community structure was stable. Effects on phytoplankton community structure and ecosystem stability in Qinzhou Bay. The content of DIN in nutrient is lower in spring and summer, and the plane distribution is lower in the south and higher in the north, the distribution trend of inorganic phosphorus is more regular, the high value area mainly distributes near the shore, and the high value area transfers to the offshore in 2014-04 spring. Using PRIMER 6, the phytoplankton community in Qinzhou Bay was analyzed by multivariate statistical analysis, CA cluster analysis and MDS multidimensional scale analysis in four months. The results showed that there were differences in phytoplankton community structure in four months. At the same time, the difference of phytoplankton community was tested by ANOSIM, and the significant level was 0.01, which indicated that the difference of phytoplankton community in different seasons was extremely significant. In paired tests, phytoplankton communities were also significantly different in different seasons and months. SIMPER analysis showed that the different species were some wide temperature and wide salt species or warm temperate coastal species, which were suitable for Qinzhou Bay environment. At the same time, the results of net mining and water extraction caused the difference between the main species is basically the same. In the PCA analysis of environmental factors in different months, the difference of environmental factor coefficients in different months indicates that the contribution rate and function of environmental factors are different in different time. The correlation coefficient between phytoplankton cell abundance and environmental factors was higher in most months, indicating that there was a good correlation between abundance and environmental factors. Nitrogen content was significantly correlated with phytoplankton growth in four months, especially in the autumn of 2013-11 and the early winter of 2014-12, and inorganic phosphorus also showed the correlation with abundance in 2014-04. The correlation between temperature, salinity and abundance is mainly reflected in 2014-08 summer.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：國(guó)家海洋局第一海洋研究所
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：Q948.8

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