【摘要】：新疆地區(qū)地形復(fù)雜,天氣氣候多樣,不僅受西風(fēng)帶天氣系統(tǒng)的影響,也受副熱帶天氣系統(tǒng)的影響,同時還受西北地區(qū)獨特的地形影響,加之生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱,因此造成新疆是我國氣象災(zāi)害最多的省區(qū)之一,災(zāi)害性天氣種類繁多、影響范圍廣。氣象災(zāi)害約占各種自然災(zāi)害數(shù)量的80%、造成損失的60%以上,嚴(yán)重影響新疆經(jīng)濟(jì)社會的發(fā)展。相較于發(fā)達(dá)國家和內(nèi)地較發(fā)達(dá)省份,新疆氣象災(zāi)害應(yīng)急管理研究仍處于發(fā)展的初級階段,專題研究新疆地區(qū)氣象災(zāi)害應(yīng)急管理體制的研究成果寥寥。本文通過文獻(xiàn)閱讀、理論研究,確定研究對象和范圍;通過走訪相關(guān)部門,獲取新疆氣象災(zāi)害應(yīng)急管理體制“一案三制”“一網(wǎng)五庫”建設(shè)情況的一手材料。通過對新疆主要的氣象災(zāi)害及其特點、影響、成因進(jìn)行分析,研究氣象災(zāi)害對經(jīng)濟(jì)社會的負(fù)面影響。從法制機(jī)制建設(shè)、應(yīng)急預(yù)案管理、預(yù)警信息發(fā)布、監(jiān)測預(yù)報能力、人工影響天氣等方面梳理新疆氣象災(zāi)害應(yīng)急管理體制的基本情況。通過對新疆喀什地區(qū)葉城縣“7·6”泥石流應(yīng)急救援案例進(jìn)行分析,從事件過程、應(yīng)急救援、事后分析、災(zāi)后恢復(fù)四方面對新疆現(xiàn)階段氣象災(zāi)害應(yīng)急處置進(jìn)行分析。綜合以上情況,分析現(xiàn)階段新疆氣象災(zāi)害應(yīng)急管理體制在“一案三制”建設(shè)、綜合氣象觀測發(fā)展、氣象災(zāi)害監(jiān)測預(yù)報和風(fēng)險預(yù)警能力、預(yù)警發(fā)布效率、人影作業(yè)能力、公眾主動響應(yīng)機(jī)制、氣象災(zāi)害防御科普宣傳等方面的不足,找出問題所在。研究日本、俄羅斯、加拿大三個發(fā)達(dá)國家的應(yīng)急管理體系、預(yù)警系統(tǒng)建設(shè),對比分析,整理適合我國國情的借鑒經(jīng)驗。在以上研究的基礎(chǔ)上,從加強(qiáng)統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)、健全應(yīng)急體制,強(qiáng)化風(fēng)險管理、提升氣象災(zāi)害應(yīng)急管理能力,統(tǒng)籌社會力量、發(fā)揮市場作用,健全保障機(jī)制、提升應(yīng)急管理服務(wù)能力四方面提出完善新疆氣象災(zāi)害應(yīng)急管理體制的有效建議措施。研究指出新疆氣象災(zāi)害多發(fā)、頻發(fā)、重發(fā)的趨勢仍將持續(xù),需進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)應(yīng)急管理體制頂層設(shè)計和相關(guān)配套支撐研究。
[Abstract]:Xinjiang has complex topography and diverse weather and climate, which is affected not only by the westerly and subtropical weather systems, but also by the unique topography of the northwest region, and by the fragile ecological environment. Therefore, Xinjiang is one of the provinces with most meteorological disasters in China. Meteorological disasters account for about 80% of all kinds of natural disasters, causing more than 60% of the losses, which seriously affect the economic and social development of Xinjiang. Compared with developed countries and inland provinces, the research of meteorological disaster emergency management in Xinjiang is still in the primary stage of development, and the research results of special research on the emergency management system of meteorological disasters in Xinjiang are few. Through literature reading and theoretical research, this paper determines the object and scope of the study, and obtains the primary materials of the construction of "one case, three systems" and "one network and five storehouses" of the emergency management system of meteorological disasters in Xinjiang by visiting relevant departments. Through the analysis of the main meteorological disasters, their characteristics, effects and causes of formation in Xinjiang, this paper studies the negative effects of meteorological disasters on economic and social development. The basic situation of the emergency management system of meteorological disasters in Xinjiang is combed from the aspects of legal mechanism construction, emergency plan management, early warning information release, monitoring and forecasting ability, artificial influence weather and so on. Based on the analysis of emergency rescue cases of "7.6" debris flow in Yecheng County, Kashi region, Xinjiang, this paper analyzes the emergency disposal of meteorological disasters in Xinjiang at present from the following four aspects: event process, emergency rescue, post-disaster recovery and post-disaster recovery. Synthesizing the above situation, this paper analyzes the construction of the emergency management system of meteorological disasters in Xinjiang at the present stage, the comprehensive meteorological observation and development, the ability of meteorological disaster monitoring and forecasting and risk early warning, the efficiency of early warning and issuing, and the ability of human shadow operation. Public active response mechanism, meteorological disaster prevention science publicity and other aspects of the shortcomings, to find out the problem. This paper studies the emergency management system, early warning system construction and comparative analysis of three developed countries, Japan, Russia and Canada. On the basis of the above studies, from strengthening coordination, improving emergency response system, strengthening risk management, enhancing the ability of meteorological disaster emergency management, coordinating social forces, giving play to market role, and perfecting the safeguard mechanism, To improve the ability of emergency management service four effective measures to improve the emergency management system of meteorological disasters in Xinjiang are put forward. It is pointed out that the trend of frequent occurrence and recurrence of meteorological disasters in Xinjiang will continue, and the top level design of emergency management system and related supporting research should be further strengthened.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P429

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