【摘要】：入侵生態(tài)學(xué)以往的關(guān)注重點(diǎn)多集中于宏觀有機(jī)體層面上,但是,越來(lái)越多的研究表明,入侵植物與土壤微生物之間的相互作用關(guān)系深刻影響著入侵植物的適應(yīng)性和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力,在其成功入侵的過(guò)程中發(fā)揮著重要的作用。然而,卻極為罕見(jiàn)將微生物群落及其功能緊密結(jié)合深入探究二者對(duì)入侵植物影響的研究,本論文以惡性入侵植物加拿大一枝黃花(Solidago canadensis L.)的根部微生物為研究對(duì)象,結(jié)合高通量測(cè)序技術(shù)和微生物的純培養(yǎng)方法研究了加拿大一枝黃花不同入侵程度下其根部?jī)?nèi)生和根表微生境的細(xì)菌群落組成和結(jié)構(gòu),進(jìn)而利用純培養(yǎng)方法對(duì)菌群組成中的差異菌屬進(jìn)行了功能性分析(分泌能夠促進(jìn)植物生長(zhǎng)的吲哚乙酸的能力),以期探究根際細(xì)菌群落及其功能在外來(lái)植物入侵過(guò)程中的作用。本論文主要獲得了以下研究結(jié)果:1、通過(guò)對(duì)高通量測(cè)序數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)加拿大一枝黃花的內(nèi)生細(xì)菌與根表細(xì)菌的群落組成和結(jié)構(gòu)差異巨大,在門(Phylum)的水平上內(nèi)生細(xì)菌的絕大多數(shù)都是由變形菌門(Proteobacteria)組成,而其他菌門的細(xì)菌豐度非常小(0.1%)。與內(nèi)生細(xì)菌不同,根表細(xì)菌的群落多樣性大大增加,主要由變形菌門(Proteobacteria)、后壁菌門(Firmicutes)、放線菌門(Actinobacteria)、擬桿菌門(Bacteroidetes)和綠彎菌門(Chloroflexi)組成,這表明加拿大一枝黃花的根系對(duì)土壤微生物的招募很可能具有很強(qiáng)的選擇性。2、無(wú)論是利用高通量測(cè)序技術(shù)還是采用細(xì)菌的純培養(yǎng)方法,都發(fā)現(xiàn)根表細(xì)菌的Alpha多樣性隨著加拿大一枝黃花不同的高、低入侵程度存在顯著的差異(Bray-Curtis),主要表現(xiàn)在假單胞菌屬(Pseudomonas)、腸桿菌屬(Enterobacter)、節(jié)細(xì)菌屬(Arthrobacter)、詹森菌屬(Janthinobacterium)、泛菌屬(Pantoea)和黃桿菌屬(Flavobacterium)相對(duì)豐度的差異上。3、利用細(xì)菌的純培養(yǎng)技術(shù)對(duì)加拿大一枝黃花高、低入侵程度下的豐度差異菌屬產(chǎn)吲哚乙酸功能進(jìn)行檢測(cè),發(fā)現(xiàn)在低入侵條件下相對(duì)豐度大幅度提高的菌屬具有強(qiáng)烈的吲哚乙酸分泌能力;進(jìn)一步通過(guò)反接種實(shí)驗(yàn)初步驗(yàn)證了該菌群對(duì)加拿大一枝黃花的促生功能。以上研究表明,加拿大一枝黃花很可能可以通過(guò)在根內(nèi)和根表選擇性地招募并擴(kuò)增某些細(xì)菌組分,從而改變總體的群落組成,進(jìn)而改變其根部微生境中微生物群落的功能,最終影響其入侵進(jìn)程。本論文通過(guò)同時(shí)采用高通量測(cè)序技術(shù)和微生物純培養(yǎng)方法將微生物群落及其功能緊密結(jié)合,研究了入侵植物加拿大一枝黃花在不同入侵程度下內(nèi)生細(xì)菌和根表細(xì)菌各自的菌群(Alpha和Beta多樣性)和功能(吲哚乙酸分泌能力)差異,深化了根際細(xì)菌群落與入侵植物相互作用的研究,特別是對(duì)根際微環(huán)境的精細(xì)劃分(根內(nèi)與根表微生境),為今后植物入侵的研究提供了一種新的思路。
[Abstract]:Invasive ecology has focused on macroorganism, but more and more studies show that the interaction between invasive plants and soil microbes has a profound impact on the adaptability and competitiveness of invasive plants. In its successful invasion process plays an important role. However, it is very rare to study the effects of microbial communities and their functions on invasive plants. In this paper, a malignant invasive plant, (Solidago canadensis L.), is introduced from Canada. The bacterial community composition and structure of root endophytic and root surface microhabitats under different invasion degrees of Flos canadensis were studied by using high-throughput sequencing technique and pure culture method. In order to explore the role of rhizosphere bacterial community and its function in the invasion of exotic plants, the functional analysis of the different genera in the flora was carried out by pure culture method (the ability to secrete indoleacetic acid, which can promote the growth of plants), in order to explore the role of the rhizosphere bacterial community and its function in the invasion of exotic plants. The main results of this paper are as follows: 1. By analyzing the high-throughput sequencing data, we found that the community composition and structure of endophytic bacteria and root surface bacteria are very different from each other. At the level of phylum (Phylum), the majority of endophytic bacteria are composed of Proteus (Proteobacteria), but the abundance of other phylum is very small (0.1%). Different from endophytic bacteria, the community diversity of root surface bacteria increased greatly, mainly composed of (Firmicutes), (Bacteroidetes) and (Chloroflexi). This suggests that the roots of a Canadian yellow flower are likely to be highly selective in the recruitment of soil microbes. 2 / whether by using high-throughput sequencing techniques or pure bacterial culture methods, Both found that the Alpha diversity of root surface bacteria varied with a single yellow flower in Canada. There was significant difference (Bray-Curtis) in low invasion degree (Bray-Curtis), mainly manifested in the difference of relative abundance of Pseudomonas, (Pseudomonas), Enterobacter, (Enterobacter), (Arthrobacter), (Janthinobacterium), panbacterium (Pantoea) and Xanthobacterium (Flavobacterium). 3. The pure culture technique of bacteria was used to add. Take a big yellow flower high, The function of indole acetic acid production was detected under the condition of low invasion. It was found that the bacteria with high relative abundance under low invasion condition had strong secretion ability of indole acetic acid. Further, the growth promoting function of this bacterium to the Canadian yellow flower was preliminarily verified by the anti-inoculation experiment. These studies suggest that it is possible for a Canadian yellow flower to selectively recruit and amplify certain bacterial components in the root and the root surface, thereby altering the composition of the overall community and thus the function of the microbial community in its root microenvironment. It will eventually affect its invasion process. In this paper, the microbial communities and their functions were closely combined by both high-throughput sequencing and microbial pure culture. The diversity of endophytic bacteria and root surface bacteria (Alpha and Beta diversity) and their functions (indoleacetic acid secretion) were studied in different invasive plants. The research on the interaction between rhizosphere bacterial community and invasive plants was deepened, especially the fine division of rhizosphere microenvironment (root microenvironment and root surface microenvironment), which provided a new way for the study of plant invasion in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：Q948.122.3

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