【摘要】：數(shù)字全息術(shù)誕生于上世紀(jì)60年代,因具有同時獲取樣品相位和振幅的優(yōu)點,可應(yīng)用于振動測量、三維形貌測量和相位檢測等領(lǐng)域。但數(shù)字全息對光源高度相干性的要求使其應(yīng)用推廣受到局限。近年來,隨著實用化、商品化的高速率空間光調(diào)制器的推廣,基于空間光調(diào)制器(Spatial Light Modulator,SLM)的非相干數(shù)字全息術(shù)受到科研工作者的極大關(guān)注。它可以在非相干光源照明下實現(xiàn)待測物體的三維空間信息記錄且無需任何掃描設(shè)備和移動部件,克服了激光數(shù)字全息對系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性要求高的弊端,具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、重建靈活、可與任何成熟的光學(xué)系統(tǒng)匹配的優(yōu)點,有很高的學(xué)術(shù)研究和實際應(yīng)用價值。本文在分析非相干數(shù)字全息成像原理的基礎(chǔ)上,給出了點擴散函數(shù)、橫向放大率及重建距離等數(shù)學(xué)表達式,并探討了影響系統(tǒng)成像分辨率的因素,運用MATLAB軟件編程完成仿真模擬,驗證了其三維成像特性;通過優(yōu)化系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),得到了高質(zhì)量的重建像;在此基礎(chǔ)上,搭建了反射式和透射式全息顯微成像記錄系統(tǒng),驗證了其三維顯微成像特性;進一步研究了SLM像素復(fù)用方式對成像質(zhì)量的影響;最后,利用SLM實現(xiàn)螺旋相位調(diào)制,并在計算機上仿真,驗證了螺旋相位調(diào)制的非相干數(shù)字全息系統(tǒng)可實現(xiàn)圖像邊緣對比增強的特性,分析了不同拓撲荷值對重建像質(zhì)量的影響。論文主要從以下四方面進行研究:(1)在介紹傳統(tǒng)光學(xué)全息記錄和重建的基礎(chǔ)上,論述數(shù)字全息的基本原理;介紹和比較常用的全息圖數(shù)值重建算法,重點對角譜衍射算法進行分析;概述了數(shù)字全息的優(yōu)點及應(yīng)用;對比同軸與離軸全息的特點;對同軸全息相移技術(shù)進行詳細地闡述。(2)以非相干數(shù)字全息理論為依據(jù),從波動光學(xué)角度推導(dǎo)了基于SLM的同軸非相干數(shù)字全息記錄光路的點擴散函數(shù)(Point Spread Function,PSF),得到系統(tǒng)的橫向放大率及全息重建距離的數(shù)學(xué)表達式,分析影響重建像分辨率的因素。利用計算機對具有不同位置信息的“S”、“L”、“M”字母進行仿真模擬,驗證該系統(tǒng)的三維成像特性;對USAF分辨率板進行拍攝,得到了高質(zhì)量重建像。(3)搭建基于SLM的同軸非相干相移數(shù)字全息顯微系統(tǒng),對USAF分辨板進行拍攝,獲得了與傳統(tǒng)寬場顯微鏡相同的分辨率;利用透射式全息顯微光路對植物細胞成像,驗證了其可用于生物細胞觀察的特性,并對20μm的針孔進行拍攝,進一步研究了SLM像素復(fù)用方式對成像質(zhì)量的影響;利用反射式全息顯微光路對尺寸為300μm 500μm單顆粒金剛鉆成像,得到了不同焦平面的最佳重建像,驗證了其三維顯微成像特性。(4)利用SLM實現(xiàn)螺旋相位調(diào)制,在計算機上仿真模擬,驗證了螺旋相位調(diào)制的非相干數(shù)字全息系統(tǒng)可實現(xiàn)圖像邊緣提取的特性,對20μm針孔進行實驗,對比了SLM分別加載雙透鏡相位掩模和雙透鏡螺旋相位掩模的重建像,分析了不同拓撲荷數(shù)對重建像質(zhì)量的影響。
[Abstract]:Digital holography was born in 1960s. It can be used in vibration measurement, three-dimensional topography measurement and phase detection because of the advantages of simultaneously obtaining the phase and amplitude of the sample. However, the application of digital holography is limited by the requirement of high coherence of light source. In recent years, with the popularization of commercialized high rate spatial light modulator, incoherent digital holography based on spatial light modulator (Spatial Light Modulator,SLM) has attracted great attention of researchers. It can realize the three-dimensional spatial information recording of the object to be tested under the illumination of incoherent light source without any scanning equipment and moving parts. It overcomes the disadvantages of laser digital holography which requires high stability of the system, and has simple structure and flexible reconstruction. It has the advantages of matching with any mature optical system and has high academic research and practical application value. Based on the analysis of the principle of incoherent digital holographic imaging, the mathematical expressions of point diffusion function, transverse magnification and reconstruction distance are given, and the factors influencing the imaging resolution of the system are discussed. MATLAB software is used to complete the simulation and verify its three-dimensional imaging characteristics. By optimizing the system structure parameters, a high-quality reconstruction image is obtained. On this basis, a reflection and transmission holographic microscopic imaging recording system is built. The effect of SLM pixel multiplexing on imaging quality is further studied. Finally, the spiral phase modulation is realized by SLM and simulated on a computer. It is verified that the incoherent digital holographic system with helical phase modulation can enhance the image edge, and the effect of different topologies on the quality of reconstructed image is analyzed. This paper mainly studies the following four aspects: (1) on the basis of introducing the traditional optical holographic recording and reconstruction, the basic principle of digital holography is discussed, and the commonly used holographic numerical reconstruction algorithm is introduced and compared. Emphasis is placed on the analysis of the diagonal spectrum diffraction algorithm; the advantages and applications of digital holography are summarized; the characteristics of coaxial and off-axis holography are compared; the phase shift technique of coaxial holography is described in detail. (2) based on the theory of incoherent digital holography, The point diffusion function (Point Spread Function,PSF) of coaxial incoherent digital holographic recording optical path based on SLM is derived from the viewpoint of wave optics. The mathematical expressions of transverse magnification and holographic reconstruction distance of the system are obtained, and the factors affecting the resolution of reconstructed image are analyzed. The computer is used to simulate the letters "S", "L" and "M" with different position information, to verify the three-dimensional imaging characteristics of the system, and to photograph the USAF resolution board. The high quality reconstructed image is obtained. (3) the coaxial incoherent phase-shift digital holographic microscope system based on SLM is built and the USAF resolution plate is photographed and the resolution is the same as that of the traditional wide-field microscope. The plant cells were imaged by the transmission holographic microscopic light path, the characteristics of which could be used for biological cell observation were verified, and the pinhole of 20 渭 m was photographed. The effect of SLM pixel multiplexing on the imaging quality was further studied. The best reconstruction image of different focal plane is obtained by using the reflective holographic micro-optical path pair of 300 渭 m 500 渭 m single particle diamond. (4) the helical phase modulation is realized by SLM, and the simulation is carried out on a computer. The incoherent digital holographic system with helical phase modulation is proved to be able to detect the edge of the image. The experiment of 20 渭 m pinhole is carried out, and the reconstruction images of the double lens phase mask and the double lens spiral phase mask loaded by SLM are compared, respectively. The effect of different topological charge numbers on the quality of reconstructed image is analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：O438.1

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