三種荒漠植物AM真菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)和物種多樣性研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-09 12:55
【摘要】：AM(Arbuscular mycorrhizal)真菌是自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中根際微生物群落的重要組成部分,在恢復(fù)和重建退化生態(tài)系統(tǒng)植被,維持生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能和植物多樣性方面發(fā)揮重要作用。羊柴(Hedysarum laeve)、油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)、沙鞭(Psammochloa villosa)是毛烏素沙地荒漠植物群落的優(yōu)勢種,抗旱性強,有防風(fēng)固沙和生態(tài)修復(fù)功能。本研究于2015、2016年7月在毛烏素沙地西北緣鄂爾多斯地區(qū),采集油蒿、沙鞭、羊柴根圍0 50cm土樣,結(jié)合形態(tài)學(xué)與高通量測序,闡明植物、土壤深度和土壤因子對AM真菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)和物種多樣性的影響。為充分利用AM真菌資源,促進荒漠植物生長和植被恢復(fù)提供依據(jù)。主要試驗結(jié)果如下:1.共分離鑒定AM真菌11屬47種,其中球囊霉屬(Glomus)18種,無梗囊霉屬(Acaulospora)11種,根內(nèi)囊霉屬(Rhizophagus)4種,盾巨孢囊霉屬(Scutellospora)3種,管柄囊霉屬(Funneliformis)3種,巨孢囊霉屬(Gigaspora)2種,近明囊霉屬(Claroideoglomus)2種,Ambispora 1種,多孢囊霉屬(Diversispora)1種,硬囊霉屬(Sclerocystis)1種,Racocetra 1種。AM真菌群落構(gòu)成在不同植物和土層間差異顯著,Glomus,Acaulospora,Scutellospora為共有優(yōu)勢屬。Diversispora,Gigaspora,Sclerocystis,Racocetra等為稀有屬僅分布在淺土層。羊柴根圍共分離AM真菌45種,油蒿分離42種,沙鞭分離39種。A.bireticulata,A.excauata,A.lavis,G.convolutum,G.melanosporum,F.geosporum,Scu.nigra等分布廣泛。Gigaspora decipiens,G.pansihalos,G.sp1,Ambispora gerdemannii,Rh.diaphanus,Glomus dimorphicum,G.multicaule,G.pustulatum,Rh.Intraradices,Sclerocystis sp.等為偶見種或稀有種。2.A.bireticulata,A.dilatata,G.convolutum,Scu.nigra較農(nóng)田等生態(tài)系統(tǒng),孢子直徑明顯變小,孢子表面有深淺不一、分布不均的凹坑和劃痕。A.bireticulata孢子在沙鞭根圍呈灰色,其他植物根圍為暗黃色。3.油蒿、羊柴根圍AM真菌孢子密度、種豐度、香農(nóng)維納指數(shù)顯著高于沙鞭;3個指標(biāo)隨土層加深而降低。孢子密度、種豐度與土壤全磷正相關(guān),與pH負相關(guān)。綜合分析可知,植物種類和土壤深度能直接顯著影響AM真菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)。4.高通量測序分析得到AM真菌OTUs 73個,共130298條序列,通過Blast比對,分為4科9屬。11個AM真菌OTUs鑒定到種,其中,Diversispora aurantia,Entrophospora nevadensis,Otospora bareae,Septoglomus furcatum,Paraglomus occultum等未在形態(tài)學(xué)觀察中分離鑒定。種豐度、Simpson指數(shù)、Chao1指數(shù)、ACE指數(shù)油蒿與羊柴較為接近,顯著大于沙鞭,羊柴AM真菌系統(tǒng)發(fā)育多樣性指數(shù)高于油蒿,并顯著高于沙鞭。5.NMDS分析可知,植物種類顯著影響AM真菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)。AM真菌種豐度、Simpson指數(shù)、Chao1指數(shù)、ACE指數(shù)與植物種類極顯著相關(guān);SEM模型分析可知,植物種類、土壤碳氮比及土壤濕度是影響AM真菌群落的主要因子。
[Abstract]:AM (Arbuscular mycorrhizal) fungi is an important component of rhizosphere microbial community in natural ecosystem. It plays an important role in restoration and reconstruction of degraded ecosystem vegetation and maintenance of ecosystem function and plant diversity. (Psammochloa villosa) is the dominant species of desert plant community in Maowusu sandy land. It has strong drought resistance and has the function of windbreak and sand fixation and ecological restoration. In this study, 50cm soil samples were collected from Artemisia annua (Artemisia oleifera), Sand Verticillium (Rhizoma Artemisia), and rootstock (0 50cm) in the northwest margin of Maowusu Sandy Land in July, 2015, 2016. The plants were elucidated by morphological and high-throughput sequencing. Effects of soil depth and soil factors on AM fungal Community structure and species Diversity. In order to make full use of AM fungi resources and promote the growth of desert plants and vegetation restoration. The main results are as follows: 1. A total of 47 species belonging to 11 genera of AM fungi were identified, including 18 species of (Glomus), 11 species of (Acaulospora), 4 species of (Rhizophagus), 3 species of (Scutellospora), 3 species of (Funneliformis), 2 species of (Gigaspora) and 1 species of (Claroideoglomus). One species of the genus (Diversispora) and one species of racocetra of the genus (Sclerocystis). The composition of the fungi community of Glomusus Acaulospora and Scutellospora were significantly different among different plants and soil layers. The common dominant genus. Diversispora Gigaspora Sclerocystis Racocetra were rare genera only distributed in the shallow soil. A total of 45 species of AM fungi, 42 species of Artemisia annua, 39 species of A. bireticulata A. excauata, A. lavisa G. convolutum G. melanosporum F. geosporum Scu.nigra, are widely distributed. Gigaspora decipiens,G.pansihalos,G.sp1,Ambispora gerdemannii,Rh.diaphanus,Glomus dimorphicum,G.multicaule,G.pustulatum,Rh.Intraradices,Sclerocystis sp. A. bireticulata A. dilatataer G. convolutumtumScu.nigra is smaller than that in farmland. The spore diameter is obviously smaller, the spore surface is different in depth, the uneven distribution pits and scratches of A. bireticulata spores are gray around the root of Abireticulata, and the other plant roots are dark yellow. The spore density, seed abundance and Shannon Weiner index of AM fungi in the root circumference of Artemisia annua were significantly higher than those of the rhizosphere, and the three indexes decreased with the deepening of soil layer. Spore density and seed abundance were positively correlated with soil total phosphorus and negatively correlated with pH. Comprehensive analysis shows that plant species and soil depth can directly affect the structure of AM fungi community. 4. A total of 130298 sequences of AM fungi OTUs were obtained by high-throughput sequencing. They were classified into 4 families, 9 genera and 11 species of AM fungi OTUs by Blast alignment. Among them, Diversispora aurantia,Entrophospora nevadensis,Otospora bareae,Septoglomus furcatum,Paraglomus occultum was not isolated from morphological observation. Artemisia annua was close to that of Astragalus japonicus, and was significantly larger than that of Astragalus japonicus. The phylogenetic diversity index of AM fungi was higher than that of Artemisia annua, and was significantly higher than that of sand-whip. 5. NMDS analysis showed that Artemisia japonicus had a higher phylogenetic diversity index. Plant species significantly affect the structure of AM fungal community .The AM fungi community is mainly affected by plant species, soil C / N ratio and soil moisture.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：Q938
[Abstract]:AM (Arbuscular mycorrhizal) fungi is an important component of rhizosphere microbial community in natural ecosystem. It plays an important role in restoration and reconstruction of degraded ecosystem vegetation and maintenance of ecosystem function and plant diversity. (Psammochloa villosa) is the dominant species of desert plant community in Maowusu sandy land. It has strong drought resistance and has the function of windbreak and sand fixation and ecological restoration. In this study, 50cm soil samples were collected from Artemisia annua (Artemisia oleifera), Sand Verticillium (Rhizoma Artemisia), and rootstock (0 50cm) in the northwest margin of Maowusu Sandy Land in July, 2015, 2016. The plants were elucidated by morphological and high-throughput sequencing. Effects of soil depth and soil factors on AM fungal Community structure and species Diversity. In order to make full use of AM fungi resources and promote the growth of desert plants and vegetation restoration. The main results are as follows: 1. A total of 47 species belonging to 11 genera of AM fungi were identified, including 18 species of (Glomus), 11 species of (Acaulospora), 4 species of (Rhizophagus), 3 species of (Scutellospora), 3 species of (Funneliformis), 2 species of (Gigaspora) and 1 species of (Claroideoglomus). One species of the genus (Diversispora) and one species of racocetra of the genus (Sclerocystis). The composition of the fungi community of Glomusus Acaulospora and Scutellospora were significantly different among different plants and soil layers. The common dominant genus. Diversispora Gigaspora Sclerocystis Racocetra were rare genera only distributed in the shallow soil. A total of 45 species of AM fungi, 42 species of Artemisia annua, 39 species of A. bireticulata A. excauata, A. lavisa G. convolutum G. melanosporum F. geosporum Scu.nigra, are widely distributed. Gigaspora decipiens,G.pansihalos,G.sp1,Ambispora gerdemannii,Rh.diaphanus,Glomus dimorphicum,G.multicaule,G.pustulatum,Rh.Intraradices,Sclerocystis sp. A. bireticulata A. dilatataer G. convolutumtumScu.nigra is smaller than that in farmland. The spore diameter is obviously smaller, the spore surface is different in depth, the uneven distribution pits and scratches of A. bireticulata spores are gray around the root of Abireticulata, and the other plant roots are dark yellow. The spore density, seed abundance and Shannon Weiner index of AM fungi in the root circumference of Artemisia annua were significantly higher than those of the rhizosphere, and the three indexes decreased with the deepening of soil layer. Spore density and seed abundance were positively correlated with soil total phosphorus and negatively correlated with pH. Comprehensive analysis shows that plant species and soil depth can directly affect the structure of AM fungi community. 4. A total of 130298 sequences of AM fungi OTUs were obtained by high-throughput sequencing. They were classified into 4 families, 9 genera and 11 species of AM fungi OTUs by Blast alignment. Among them, Diversispora aurantia,Entrophospora nevadensis,Otospora bareae,Septoglomus furcatum,Paraglomus occultum was not isolated from morphological observation. Artemisia annua was close to that of Astragalus japonicus, and was significantly larger than that of Astragalus japonicus. The phylogenetic diversity index of AM fungi was higher than that of Artemisia annua, and was significantly higher than that of sand-whip. 5. NMDS analysis showed that Artemisia japonicus had a higher phylogenetic diversity index. Plant species significantly affect the structure of AM fungal community .The AM fungi community is mainly affected by plant species, soil C / N ratio and soil moisture.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：Q938
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相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
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2 王宇濤;辛國榮;李韶山;;叢枝菌根真菌最新分類系統(tǒng)與物種多樣性研究概況[J];生態(tài)學(xué)報;2013年03期
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