【摘要】：本文綜合利用臺(tái)站觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù),詳細(xì)分析了夏季天山地區(qū)小時(shí)尺度降水的氣候態(tài)特征與地形的關(guān)系。結(jié)果表明,天山地區(qū)降水受地形影響顯著,降水量、降水頻率和降水持續(xù)事件隨海拔升高而增大;整體降水強(qiáng)度結(jié)構(gòu)以弱降水為主,強(qiáng)降水較少。伊犁河谷地區(qū)自西向東降水隨地形抬升而增大、弱降水頻次增多。天山中段地區(qū)降水分布呈兩側(cè)低中間高的特征,高海拔處弱降水發(fā)生頻次最高。天山地區(qū)以發(fā)生于午后至傍晚的短時(shí)降水事件為主,持續(xù)時(shí)間較短,日變化也受到地形的顯著影響。伊犁河谷內(nèi)降水峰值出現(xiàn)在傍晚至夜間,降水發(fā)生時(shí),地面多為西南風(fēng)和東北風(fēng);天山中段地區(qū)不同區(qū)域降水日位相差別較大,天山上為傍晚峰值,北側(cè)(南側(cè))為夜間(清晨)峰值,不同區(qū)域影響降水的主要風(fēng)向也存在差異,天山上降水發(fā)生時(shí)以偏西風(fēng)和偏北風(fēng)為主,南北兩側(cè)以對(duì)應(yīng)的下坡風(fēng)風(fēng)向?yàn)橹鳌?duì)天山中段夏季降水的日變化特征進(jìn)行分析發(fā)現(xiàn),降水頻率與對(duì)流云出現(xiàn)頻次的日變化在天山中段地區(qū)均表現(xiàn)出三個(gè)典型模態(tài):天山南側(cè)對(duì)流和降水峰值出現(xiàn)于清晨,天山上對(duì)流和降水峰值出現(xiàn)于下午,天山北側(cè)對(duì)流和降水的峰值時(shí)間均為夜間。通過(guò)定義區(qū)域降水事件(RRE)并對(duì)RRE的開(kāi)始站點(diǎn)進(jìn)行篩選,從每一次降水事件的角度分析降水的日變化特征以及不同區(qū)域之間日變化特征的相關(guān)關(guān)系。結(jié)果表明,天山南側(cè)的清晨降水峰值孤立于其余兩個(gè)區(qū)域存在,由南側(cè)局地生消的降水事件產(chǎn)生;天山上降水的下午峰值和天山北側(cè)降水的夜間峰值都主要由始于天山上的降水事件貢獻(xiàn)產(chǎn)生,這類降水事件多于下午在天山上開(kāi)始出現(xiàn),隨后北移造成北側(cè)盆地的夜間降水峰值。利用再分析資料和WRF模擬結(jié)果對(duì)天山地區(qū)環(huán)流的日變化特征分析得出,午后于天山上觸發(fā)的對(duì)流以及清晨于天山南側(cè)觸發(fā)的對(duì)流均與天山及其周邊地區(qū)環(huán)流場(chǎng)和熱力場(chǎng)的日變化有關(guān)。午后,天山上出現(xiàn)較強(qiáng)的低空輻合以及熱力學(xué)不穩(wěn)定度,有利于天山上對(duì)流的觸發(fā),造成天山上的午后峰值。清晨,輻合中心出現(xiàn)在天山南側(cè)盆地,配合南側(cè)大氣的熱力學(xué)不穩(wěn)定能量,有利于天山南側(cè)對(duì)流的觸發(fā),造成南側(cè)的清晨降水峰值。
[Abstract]:Based on the observational data, the relationship between climatic characteristics and topography of hourly scale precipitation in Tianshan area in summer is analyzed in detail in this paper. The results show that the precipitation in Tianshan area is significantly affected by topography, the precipitation amount, precipitation frequency and precipitation sustained events increase with the elevation, and the intensity structure of the whole precipitation is mainly weak precipitation, with less strong precipitation. The precipitation from west to east in Yili River Valley increases with the elevation of topography, and the frequency of weak precipitation increases. The precipitation distribution in the middle part of Tianshan Mountain shows the characteristics of low middle height on both sides and the highest frequency of weak precipitation at high altitude. In Tianshan area, the short-time precipitation events mainly occurred from the afternoon to the evening, which lasted for a short time, and the diurnal variation was also significantly affected by the topography. The peak value of precipitation in the Yili River Valley occurred in the evening to the night, when the precipitation occurred, the surface was mostly southwest wind and northeast wind, and the daily phase of precipitation in different regions of the middle part of Tianshan Mountain was different, and the peak value was in the evening on Tianshan Mountain. The north side (south side) is the peak value at night (early morning), and the main wind direction affecting precipitation in different regions is also different. The westerly wind and the northerly wind are dominant when the precipitation occurs on Tianshan Mountain, and the corresponding downhill wind direction is dominant on the north and south sides. Based on the analysis of the diurnal variation characteristics of summer precipitation in the middle segment of Tianshan Mountain, it is found that the diurnal variation of precipitation frequency and convective cloud frequency show three typical modes in the middle segment of Tianshan Mountain: the convection in the south side of Tianshan Mountain and the peak value of precipitation in the early morning. The peak of convection and precipitation occurred in the afternoon, and the peak time of convection and precipitation on the north side of Tianshan Mountain were both nocturnal. By defining the regional precipitation event (RRE) and screening the starting stations of the RRE, the diurnal variation characteristics of precipitation and the correlation between the diurnal variation characteristics of different regions are analyzed from the point of view of each precipitation event. The results show that the peak value of early morning precipitation on the southern side of Tianshan Mountain is isolated from the other two regions, resulting from the local precipitation events in the southern side. The afternoon peak of precipitation on Tianshan Mountain and the nocturnal peak of precipitation on the northern side of Tianshan Mountain are mainly caused by the contribution of precipitation events that started on Tianshan Mountain, and these precipitation events appear more frequently on Tianshan Mountain in the afternoon than on Tianshan Mountain in the afternoon. Then the northward movement resulted in the peak value of nocturnal precipitation in the northern basin. Based on the reanalysis data and WRF simulation results, the diurnal variation characteristics of the circulation in Tianshan region are analyzed. The convection triggered in the afternoon on Tianshan Mountain and in the south of Tianshan Mountain in the early morning is related to the diurnal variation of circulation field and thermal field in Tianshan Mountain and its surrounding area. In the afternoon, strong convergence at low level and the degree of thermodynamics instability appear on Tianshan Mountain, which is favorable to the triggering of convection on Tianshan Mountain, resulting in the afternoon peak value of Tianshan Mountain. The convergence center appeared in the southern Tianshan basin in the early morning, which combined with the thermodynamics instability energy in the southern side of the atmosphere, which was favorable to the triggering of convection on the southern side of Tianshan Mountain, resulting in the peak value of early morning precipitation on the southern side of Tianshan Mountain.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)氣象科學(xué)研究院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P426.6

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