【摘要】：深部地下環(huán)境巖體的本構(gòu)關(guān)系、幾何關(guān)系和平衡關(guān)系復(fù)雜,其圍巖大變形及強(qiáng)流變現(xiàn)象突出,對地下工程的順利進(jìn)行帶來了極大的困難,給人員和設(shè)備的安全構(gòu)成了極大的威脅,因此,深部軟巖流變現(xiàn)象的研究對地下工程的開展和深部圍巖的支護(hù)等具有重要意義。由于深部軟巖所處環(huán)境復(fù)雜多變,此外,還有試驗(yàn)手段存在滯后性等問題,這使得通過現(xiàn)場直接試驗(yàn)法來研究深部軟巖蠕變規(guī)律難以實(shí)現(xiàn),所以,通過開展室內(nèi)模型試驗(yàn),利用相似材料來快速、高效、準(zhǔn)確地反映軟巖蠕變特性的實(shí)驗(yàn)方法,得到廣泛的應(yīng)用,對于實(shí)際工程也具有實(shí)際應(yīng)用價(jià)值。本文基于國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目“多場耦合深部軟巖固流轉(zhuǎn)化理論及能耗規(guī)律的研究”(51374134),通過大量室內(nèi)試驗(yàn)及數(shù)值模擬,研究了石蠟、砂、石膏作為軟巖相似材料時(shí)不同配比模型試件的力學(xué)特性和蠕變特性,本文主要研究內(nèi)容分為以下幾個(gè)方面:在閱讀大量文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)相似材料的選擇原則,最終選擇了石蠟、砂、石膏作為軟巖相似材料,并制備了五種不同配比的相似材料試件。通過大量的單軸、三軸、劈裂試驗(yàn),獲得了該相似材料的基本物理力學(xué)參數(shù),將其與推導(dǎo)得出的頁巖相似材料的基本物理力學(xué)參數(shù)范圍做對比,驗(yàn)證了該相似材料滿足模擬頁巖的可行性,并發(fā)現(xiàn):隨著軟巖相似材料砂膠比的增大,其單軸抗壓強(qiáng)度、彈性模量、內(nèi)聚力和內(nèi)摩擦角等力學(xué)參數(shù)總體呈減小的趨勢,其泊松比呈增大的趨勢。通過單軸及三軸蠕變試驗(yàn),研究表明:該相似材料的蠕變曲線與真實(shí)軟巖在不同應(yīng)力水平下的蠕變曲線相似;穩(wěn)態(tài)蠕變率與軸壓的關(guān)系呈指數(shù)形式變化;同種配比相似材料中,穩(wěn)態(tài)蠕變率和軸向應(yīng)變隨軸壓的增大而增大,隨圍壓的增大而減小;軸壓相同時(shí),穩(wěn)態(tài)蠕變率和軸向應(yīng)變隨砂膠比的增大而增大。利用ABAQUS軟件模擬深部巷道的蠕變過程,研究發(fā)現(xiàn):巷道的頂板與底板具有明顯變形,也即巷道圍巖容易出現(xiàn)頂板脫落和底鼓現(xiàn)象,這與理論分析和工程實(shí)際情況一致。
[Abstract]:The constitutive relation, geometric relation and equilibrium relation of rock mass in deep underground environment are complex, and the large deformation and strong rheological phenomena of surrounding rock mass are prominent, which brings great difficulties to the smooth progress of underground engineering. It is a great threat to the safety of personnel and equipment. Therefore, the study of rheological phenomena in deep soft rock is of great significance to the development of underground engineering and the support of deep surrounding rock. Because the environment of deep soft rock is complex and changeable, in addition, there are some problems such as lag in test means, which makes it difficult to study the creep law of deep soft rock by direct field test, so, through the laboratory model test, The experimental method of using similar materials to reflect the creep characteristics of soft rock quickly, efficiently and accurately has been widely used and has practical application value for practical engineering. Based on the project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, "the study of solid flow theory and energy consumption law of multi-field coupling deep soft rock" (51374134), the paraffin wax and sand are studied through a large number of laboratory tests and numerical simulation. The mechanical properties and creep properties of gypsum as similar materials for soft rock are studied in this paper. The main contents of this paper are as follows: on the basis of reading a lot of literature, according to the principle of selecting similar materials, Finally, paraffin wax, sand and gypsum are selected as soft rock similar materials, and five kinds of similar materials with different proportions are prepared. Through a large number of uniaxial, triaxial, splitting tests, the basic physical and mechanical parameters of the similar material are obtained and compared with the range of the basic physical and mechanical parameters of the shale similar material. The feasibility of the similar material to simulate shale is verified, and it is found that the uniaxial compressive strength, elastic modulus, cohesion force and friction angle of soft rock similar material decrease with the increase of the ratio of sand to cement. The Poisson's ratio is increasing. Through uniaxial and triaxial creep tests, it is shown that the creep curve of the similar material is similar to that of the true soft rock under different stress levels, the relationship between steady state creep rate and axial compression is exponentially changed, The steady state creep rate and axial strain increase with the increase of axial pressure and decrease with the increase of confining pressure, and the steady state creep rate and axial strain increase with the increase of sand / cement ratio when axial pressure is the same. The creep process of deep roadway is simulated by ABAQUS software. It is found that the roof and floor of the roadway have obvious deformation, that is, the wall rock of roadway is prone to the phenomenon of roof shedding and floor heaving, which is consistent with the theoretical analysis and engineering practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青島科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU45

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