【摘要】：大腦是如何處理視覺(jué)信息的一直是腦與神經(jīng)科學(xué)領(lǐng)域十分重要的課題,而中央凹又是靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物獲取視覺(jué)信息的很重要的結(jié)構(gòu)。中央凹是視網(wǎng)膜上很小的一片區(qū)域,該區(qū)域分布著密集的視錐細(xì)胞。中央凹接受來(lái)自視野中心位置的信號(hào)輸入。中央凹處的視錐細(xì)胞密度非常高而且在最中央位置(從0°到1.7°視野范圍)沒(méi)有視桿細(xì)胞。這是中央凹在結(jié)構(gòu)上與視網(wǎng)膜其他區(qū)域相比而言的特殊性。以往的研究說(shuō)明,給定同樣大小的視野范圍,有更多的視覺(jué)皮層會(huì)投入到處理中央凹區(qū)域的信號(hào)。皮層放大因子就是用來(lái)表示這種視野與對(duì)應(yīng)處理該視野的視覺(jué)皮層大小關(guān)系的參數(shù)。然而以往的工作沒(méi)有對(duì)非常中心的中央凹區(qū)域進(jìn)行過(guò)研究。在本文中,我們使用內(nèi)源性光成像技術(shù)對(duì)中央凹在皮層的表征進(jìn)行了研究。本文具體的研究工作如下:(1)搭建實(shí)驗(yàn)需要的光成像系統(tǒng)以及線下圖像分析,包括負(fù)責(zé)給視覺(jué)刺激的刺激系統(tǒng)、負(fù)責(zé)采集光成像數(shù)據(jù)的采集系統(tǒng)以及光源、動(dòng)物平臺(tái)等。刺激系統(tǒng)和采集系統(tǒng)間通過(guò)串口進(jìn)行通信,保證視覺(jué)刺激呈現(xiàn)時(shí)間和采集數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)間的同步。在此基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)光成像系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行配置,設(shè)置刺激呈現(xiàn)時(shí)間、間隔時(shí)間并調(diào)整好與心電、呼吸的同步等,另外編寫實(shí)驗(yàn)需要的視覺(jué)刺激程序。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束后編寫數(shù)據(jù)分析程序?qū)Σ杉降墓獬上駭?shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行線下分析,包括對(duì)圖像進(jìn)行預(yù)處理、做單一或差異條件映射圖、用t檢驗(yàn)方法提取皮層激活區(qū)域等。(2)實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程中首先使用階梯刺激的方法找到屏幕上對(duì)應(yīng)于視野中心的位置,然后圍繞該中心給視覺(jué)刺激,使用內(nèi)源性光成像以及后續(xù)圖像處理的方法提取出皮層激活區(qū)域并使用了兩種不同的方法計(jì)算皮層放大因子,證明了在中央凹區(qū)域皮層放大因子最高可達(dá)16mm/deg。另外在本文的討論部分,介紹了研究過(guò)程中發(fā)現(xiàn)的一些有趣的現(xiàn)象。我們發(fā)現(xiàn),在中央凹給視覺(jué)刺激,初級(jí)視覺(jué)皮層對(duì)應(yīng)與視野上兩個(gè)分離開(kāi)的刺激的反應(yīng)激活區(qū)域有很大的重疊現(xiàn)象,本文對(duì)該現(xiàn)象做了一些初步的討論。
[Abstract]:How the brain processes visual information is a very important subject in the field of brain and neuroscience, and the central fovea is an important structure for primates to obtain visual information. The fovea is a small area of the retina with dense cones. The fovea receives input from the center of the field. The density of conical cells in the fovea is very high and there are no rod cells in the most central position (from 0 擄to 1.7 擄visual field). This is the structural particularity of the central fovea compared with the rest of the retina. Previous studies have shown that given a field of vision of the same size, more visual cortex is devoted to processing signals in the central fovea region. Cortical magnification factor is used to represent the relationship between the visual field and the corresponding visual cortex size. However, previous work has not studied the central concave area of the very center. In this paper, we studied the characterization of the central fovea in the cortex using endogenous optical imaging techniques. The specific research work of this paper is as follows: (1) the optical imaging system and the offline image analysis are built, including the stimulation system for visual stimulation, the acquisition system for collecting optical imaging data, the light source, animal platform and so on. The communication between the stimulation system and the acquisition system is carried out through serial port to ensure the synchronization between the visual stimulus presentation time and the acquisition data time. On this basis, the optical imaging system is configured, the time of stimulus presentation, the interval time and the synchronization with ECG and breathing are adjusted, and the visual stimulation program for experiment is written. At the end of the experiment, a data analysis program is written for offline analysis of the collected optical imaging data, including pre-processing of the image, single or differential conditional mapping. T test was used to extract the activation area of cortex. (2) in the experiment, the step stimulation was used to find the position corresponding to the center of the field of vision on the screen, and then the visual stimulation was given around the center. The cortical activation region was extracted by endogenous light imaging and subsequent image processing. Two different methods were used to calculate the cortical magnification factor. It was proved that the maximum cortical magnification factor in the central fovea region could be up to 16 mm / degdeg. In addition, in the discussion part of this paper, some interesting phenomena found in the course of the research are introduced. We find that there is a large overlap between the primary visual cortex and the two isolated stimuli in the visual field in the central fovea of visual stimulation. This paper makes some preliminary discussions on this phenomenon.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TP391.41;Q436

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