【摘要】：在衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航精密定位中,對流層延遲是影響其精度的主要因素之一。對于對流層延遲誤差的消除和削弱,目前國內(nèi)外主要有外部修正法、差分法、模型修正法以及參數(shù)估計法四種方法。而在實際應(yīng)用中,模型修正法應(yīng)用最廣泛。本文在詳細(xì)分析時空變化對對流層延遲影響的基礎(chǔ)上,基于Hopfield模型建立了北半球區(qū)域?qū)α鲗友舆t函數(shù)模型。主要內(nèi)容與成果如下:(1)基于美國懷俄明大學(xué)網(wǎng)站提供的全球探空站實測氣象數(shù)據(jù)提取北半球?qū)α鲗友舆t。詳細(xì)闡述了北半球區(qū)域大氣折射率指數(shù),分析其隨高度變化特征。實驗分析發(fā)現(xiàn)折射率指數(shù)隨高度變化呈現(xiàn)明顯分段負(fù)指數(shù)關(guān)系,因此利用分段負(fù)指數(shù)函數(shù)對大氣折射率指數(shù)進(jìn)行擬合,求出對流層延遲。(2)基于VMF1全球格網(wǎng)對流層延遲產(chǎn)品對全球探空氣象站進(jìn)行插值得到對流層延遲,與探空數(shù)據(jù)求得的對流層延遲比較,分析對流層延遲近似真值的可靠性。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),利用探空數(shù)據(jù)提取的對流層延遲精度在4mm左右,而目前經(jīng)驗?zāi)Ｐ偷木却蠹s為3-7cm,因此探空數(shù)據(jù)提取的對流層延遲可視為近似真值,利用該近似真值進(jìn)行后期對流層延遲區(qū)域建模。(3)顧及緯度參數(shù)的HL對流層模型研究。分析北半球不同空間上對流層延遲的差異,發(fā)現(xiàn)緯度對對流層延遲具有顯著影響,相同緯度,不同經(jīng)度對對流層延遲的影響不大。同時研究對流層延遲的季節(jié)性變化發(fā)現(xiàn),對流層延遲隨著時間的推移呈現(xiàn)出明顯的周期性或半周期性特征。在此基礎(chǔ)上,基于Hopfield模型提出一種顧及緯度參數(shù)的新改正模型HL模型,并給出了HL模型的具體函數(shù)表達(dá)式。(4)HIL模型精度分析。以探空數(shù)據(jù)提取的對流層延遲作為真值,對比分析Hopfield、Saastamoinen、HL三種模型,實驗結(jié)果表明:Hopfield模型、Saastamoinen模型以及HL模型的平均精度分別為±31.85mm、±34.37mm以及±25.58mm,HL模型相對于Hopfield模型平均提高了 19.7%,在11月份提高了 27.5%;HL模型相對于Saastamoinen模型平均提高了 25.6%,在3月份提高了 30.1%。
[Abstract]:Tropospheric delay is one of the main factors affecting the precision of satellite navigation. For the elimination and weakening of tropospheric delay error, there are four main methods at home and abroad: the external correction method, the difference method, the model correction method and the parameter estimation method. In the practical application, the model modification method is the most widely used. Based on the detailed analysis of the effect of temporal and spatial changes on tropospheric delay, a regional tropospheric delay function model in the Northern Hemisphere is established based on Hopfield model. The main contents and results are as follows: (1) the tropospheric delay in the Northern Hemisphere is extracted from the global sounding station meteorological data provided by the University of Wyoming website. The regional atmospheric refractive index in the Northern Hemisphere is described in detail, and its variation characteristics with height are analyzed. The experimental results show that the index of refractive index varies with the height, so the piecewise negative exponent function is used to fit the index of refraction index of the atmosphere. (2) based on the VMF1 global grid tropospheric delay product, the tropospheric delay is obtained by interpolating the global sounding meteorological station. Compared with the tropospheric delay obtained from the sounding data, the reliability of the tropospheric delay approximation is analyzed. It is found that the accuracy of tropospheric delay extracted from sounding data is about 4mm, but the accuracy of empirical model is about 3 ~ 7 cm, so the tropospheric delay extracted from sounding data can be regarded as an approximate true value. The approximate true value is used to model the late troposphere delay region. (3) HL tropospheric model considering latitude parameters is studied. By analyzing the difference of tropospheric delay in different space in the Northern Hemisphere, it is found that latitude has a significant effect on tropospheric delay, and at the same latitude, different longitude has little effect on tropospheric delay. At the same time, the seasonal variation of tropospheric delay is studied. It is found that tropospheric delay shows obvious periodic or semi-periodic characteristics with the passage of time. On this basis, based on the Hopfield model, a new correction model HL model considering latitude parameters is proposed, and the specific functional expression of HL model is given. (4) the accuracy analysis of HIL model. Taking the tropospheric delay extracted from the sounding data as the true value, three models of Hopfield Saastamoinen HL are compared and analyzed. The experimental results show that the average accuracy of Saastamoinen model and HL model are 鹵31.85 mm, 鹵34.37mm and 鹵25.58 mm respectively, which are 19.7mm higher than that of Hopfield model, 25.6mm higher than Saastamoinen model in November and 30.1mm higher than that of Saastamoinen model in March.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P228.4

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