蛋坨子島鳥類多樣性及黑尾鷗繁殖習性研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-29 13:44
【摘要】：蛋坨子島是大連城山頭海濱地貌國家級自然保護區(qū)的核心區(qū)。基于明確島上各鳥類種群數(shù)量及優(yōu)勢種群黑尾鷗繁殖習性的目的,本研究于2013年和2014年,使用樣點法分區(qū)對蛋坨子島上各鳥類種群及保護區(qū)周邊鳥類取食地共進行18次調查,并對黑尾鷗的繁殖過程進行持續(xù)追蹤調查。通過調查積累了大量的一手資料,主要完成了三項研究內容:蛋坨子島上黑尾鷗繁殖生態(tài)學研究、蛋坨子島鳥類多樣性調查以及城山頭地區(qū)海洋鳥類取食地調查。通過調查研究主要得出以下結果和結論:(1)蛋坨子島上的黑尾鷗大多數(shù)在5月下旬產卵,一般每巢產下2到3枚卵。育雛期的親鳥每天喂食2-3次,主要食物為小型魚類和沙蠶等底棲生物。雛鳥一般出生后2-3日齡雛后換羽,7日齡左右可以行走,35日齡左右出飛,40日齡左右稚后換羽。(2)標記觀察的30巢中共60枚卵,有11枚失蹤,4枚棄卵,1枚雛鳥破殼后死亡,其余44枚均正常孵化。黑尾鷗卵尺寸為(59.30mm-66.48mm)×(41.14mm-45.58mm),重量為56.10g-66.13g。(3)蛋坨子島上有15種鳥類,分屬9科10屬,有12種鳥類分屬5類區(qū)系,此外,還有3種鳥類不易歸類。其中主要類型為東北型,共5種,古北型、全北型和東洋型各2種,季風型1種,其余3種不易歸類的鳥類都可劃分為廣義上的古北型。島上以夏候鳥為主,15種鳥類中有14種為夏候鳥,1種為留鳥。在所有鳥類中,游禽與涉禽最多,各4種,鳴禽3種,攀禽2種,猛禽和陸禽各1種。(4)在島上所有鳥類中,黑尾鷗為絕對優(yōu)勢種,綜合各次調查的得到的平均值為7514只;其次為海鸕鶿,調查平均值為677只;其余種群都在百只以內,數(shù)量最少的是黃斑葦滮和戴勝,各有1只。(5)島上各月份各區(qū)的Shannon-Wiener指數(shù)均較小,7月各區(qū)的Shannon-Wiener指數(shù)均高于5月、6月。蛋坨子島總的F指數(shù)0.56,而G指數(shù)為2.21,G-F指數(shù)為-2.93。(6)在取食地調查中,所有觀測點均有黑尾鷗分布。其中青云河口主要是鷺類、鷸類等涉禽的取食地,登沙河口主要是鸕鶿和鴨類的取食地,石槽村為黑尾鷗最主要的取食地,白鷺和鸕鶿也經常在此取食。春季各觀測點的取食海鳥種類和數(shù)量均高于夏季。
[Abstract]:Futuozi Island is the core area of Dalian City Mountain head Seashore National Nature Reserve. Based on the purpose of determining the number of bird populations and dominant populations on the island, a total of 18 surveys were conducted in 2013 and 2014 on the bird populations and the bird feeding areas around the reserve by using the sampling method in order to determine the breeding habits of the black tail gulls on the island. The breeding process of black tail gulls was investigated continuously. Through the investigation and accumulation of a large number of primary data, mainly completed three research contents: the study of breeding ecology of black tail gulls on Egtuozi Island, the investigation of bird diversity in Egtuozi Island and the investigation of foraging land of marine birds in Chengshantou area. The main results and conclusions are as follows: (1) most of the black tail gulls on Tuozi Island lay eggs in late May and generally lay 2 to 3 eggs per nest. The parent birds were fed 2-3 times a day. The main food was small fish and silkworm and other benthos. The nestling can walk about 35 days old and leave 40 days old about 40 days old. (2) there are 60 eggs in 30 nests, 11 missing eggs, 4 abandoned eggs, 1 baby bird died after breaking the shell, the nestlings can walk about 35 days old or so after 2 to 3 days of life, and then the young birds can leave their larvae about 40 days old. (2) A total of 60 eggs were observed in 30 nestling nestlings, and 11 of them were missing. The other 44 hatched normally. The egg size of black tailed gull is (59.30mm-66.48mm) 脳 (41.14mm-45.58mm), and the weight is 56.10g-66.13g. (3) there are 15 species of birds, belonging to 9 families and 10 genera, and 12 species belong to 5 fauna. In addition, 3 species of birds are not easily classified. Among them, the main types are northeast type (5 species), paleo-northern type (2 species), all-north type (2 species) and oriental type (2 species), and monsoon type (1 species). The other three species of birds, which are difficult to classify, can all be classified as Palaeard type in a broad sense. Among the 15 species, 14 species are summer birds and 1 species is resident bird. Among all the birds, game birds and wading birds were the most, with 4 species each, 3 species of songbirds, 2 species of climbing birds, 1 species of raptor and 1 species of land birds. (4) among all the birds on the island, black tail gulls were the dominant species, and the average value of each survey was 7514; The next was sea cormorant, with an average of 677, and the other populations were within 100, with the lowest number being phragmites and one each. (5) the Shannon-Wiener index was smaller in each region of the island in every month, and the Shannon-Wiener index in July was higher than that in May and June. The total F index of Futuozi Island was 0.56, while the G index was -2.93.The G index was -2.93. (6) in the forage survey, all observation points had the distribution of blacktail gulls. The Qingyun Estuary is mainly heron, snipe, and so on, and the Dengsha Estuary is mainly the feeding place for cormorants and ducks. Shiguo Village is the main feeding place for black-tailed gulls, and the egrets and cormorants are also often fed here. The species and quantity of seabirds in spring were higher than those in summer.
【學位授予單位】：遼寧師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：Q958
本文編號：2152861
[Abstract]:Futuozi Island is the core area of Dalian City Mountain head Seashore National Nature Reserve. Based on the purpose of determining the number of bird populations and dominant populations on the island, a total of 18 surveys were conducted in 2013 and 2014 on the bird populations and the bird feeding areas around the reserve by using the sampling method in order to determine the breeding habits of the black tail gulls on the island. The breeding process of black tail gulls was investigated continuously. Through the investigation and accumulation of a large number of primary data, mainly completed three research contents: the study of breeding ecology of black tail gulls on Egtuozi Island, the investigation of bird diversity in Egtuozi Island and the investigation of foraging land of marine birds in Chengshantou area. The main results and conclusions are as follows: (1) most of the black tail gulls on Tuozi Island lay eggs in late May and generally lay 2 to 3 eggs per nest. The parent birds were fed 2-3 times a day. The main food was small fish and silkworm and other benthos. The nestling can walk about 35 days old and leave 40 days old about 40 days old. (2) there are 60 eggs in 30 nests, 11 missing eggs, 4 abandoned eggs, 1 baby bird died after breaking the shell, the nestlings can walk about 35 days old or so after 2 to 3 days of life, and then the young birds can leave their larvae about 40 days old. (2) A total of 60 eggs were observed in 30 nestling nestlings, and 11 of them were missing. The other 44 hatched normally. The egg size of black tailed gull is (59.30mm-66.48mm) 脳 (41.14mm-45.58mm), and the weight is 56.10g-66.13g. (3) there are 15 species of birds, belonging to 9 families and 10 genera, and 12 species belong to 5 fauna. In addition, 3 species of birds are not easily classified. Among them, the main types are northeast type (5 species), paleo-northern type (2 species), all-north type (2 species) and oriental type (2 species), and monsoon type (1 species). The other three species of birds, which are difficult to classify, can all be classified as Palaeard type in a broad sense. Among the 15 species, 14 species are summer birds and 1 species is resident bird. Among all the birds, game birds and wading birds were the most, with 4 species each, 3 species of songbirds, 2 species of climbing birds, 1 species of raptor and 1 species of land birds. (4) among all the birds on the island, black tail gulls were the dominant species, and the average value of each survey was 7514; The next was sea cormorant, with an average of 677, and the other populations were within 100, with the lowest number being phragmites and one each. (5) the Shannon-Wiener index was smaller in each region of the island in every month, and the Shannon-Wiener index in July was higher than that in May and June. The total F index of Futuozi Island was 0.56, while the G index was -2.93.The G index was -2.93. (6) in the forage survey, all observation points had the distribution of blacktail gulls. The Qingyun Estuary is mainly heron, snipe, and so on, and the Dengsha Estuary is mainly the feeding place for cormorants and ducks. Shiguo Village is the main feeding place for black-tailed gulls, and the egrets and cormorants are also often fed here. The species and quantity of seabirds in spring were higher than those in summer.
【學位授予單位】：遼寧師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：Q958
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