【摘要】：氣候是建筑環(huán)境的本質(zhì),也是建筑舒適和節(jié)能的源頭。因?yàn)闅夂虻目陀^存在,人類為了尋求庇護(hù)和抵御不利的氣候環(huán)境而創(chuàng)造了建筑。然而,隨著現(xiàn)代科技水平不斷提高,人類為了提高建筑的使用舒適性,在現(xiàn)代建筑設(shè)計(jì)中逐漸淡化了對(duì)建筑本質(zhì)的考慮,忽視了建筑對(duì)氣候條件的適應(yīng)性,更多的依賴空調(diào)等機(jī)械手段來實(shí)現(xiàn)恒溫恒濕的人工微氣候環(huán)境。這種以消耗不可再生能源為基礎(chǔ)的方式在一定程度上造成了嚴(yán)重的資源浪費(fèi)和能源消耗。從建筑環(huán)境的本質(zhì)——?dú)夂虻慕嵌瘸霭l(fā),在以舒適性為目標(biāo)的微氣候適應(yīng)性被動(dòng)式建筑設(shè)計(jì)過程中,將自然力量的作用和氣候資源的潛能發(fā)揮到最大程度,做到滿足人類舒適性的前提下最小消耗自然界能源,不僅降低能耗與污染,還創(chuàng)造舒適宜人的居住環(huán)境,對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)、資源利用、人與自然和諧相處等有著重要意義。在我國歷年的建設(shè)總量中,住宅建筑始終占有很大的比重,其中寒冷地區(qū)住宅建筑采暖能耗等問題較為突出。正是在這樣的背景下,如何以微氣候環(huán)境視角對(duì)寒冷地區(qū)住宅建筑的舒適與節(jié)能問題進(jìn)行積極和深入的探討已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)今建筑設(shè)計(jì)的一個(gè)研究熱點(diǎn)。本文以寒冷地區(qū)住宅建筑為研究載體,以微氣候環(huán)境視角對(duì)寒地住宅建筑的舒適與節(jié)能問題進(jìn)行研究。重點(diǎn)從以下幾個(gè)方面進(jìn)行闡述和探討:1)以建筑氣候?qū)W、綠色建筑設(shè)計(jì)為基礎(chǔ),分析總結(jié)寒地住宅建筑舒適、節(jié)能問題與微氣候的關(guān)系;2)通過問卷、實(shí)地調(diào)研與分析,從中獲取寒地居民對(duì)住宅建筑微氣候環(huán)境的相關(guān)主觀評(píng)價(jià)狀況和需求。3)從寒地住區(qū)場(chǎng)地規(guī)劃布局和住宅建筑單體設(shè)計(jì)兩個(gè)階段,在原建筑設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)上,針對(duì)建筑各設(shè)計(jì)階段的微氣候環(huán)境因素分析,利于Ecotect、Phoenics和Airpak相關(guān)綠色建筑軟件模擬和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)測(cè)等處理方式,結(jié)合寒地住宅建筑案例分析,系統(tǒng)地總結(jié)和提出針對(duì)寒地住宅建筑微氣候適應(yīng)性的具體設(shè)計(jì)策略;4)從寒地住區(qū)場(chǎng)地規(guī)劃布局和住宅建筑單體設(shè)計(jì)兩個(gè)方面,結(jié)合科研工程實(shí)例進(jìn)行微氣候適應(yīng)性設(shè)計(jì)策略分析、優(yōu)化與設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐應(yīng)用,給寒冷地區(qū)住宅建筑微氣候適應(yīng)性設(shè)計(jì)提供參考和實(shí)踐指導(dǎo),從而進(jìn)一步推動(dòng)寒冷地區(qū)住宅建筑舒適和節(jié)能工作的開展。
[Abstract]:Climate is the essence of architectural environment, and also the source of building comfort and energy saving. Because of the existence of climate, human beings create buildings to seek shelter and resist unfavorable climate. However, with the continuous improvement of modern science and technology, in order to improve the comfort of the use of the building, the modern architectural design gradually downplayed the nature of the building, ignoring the adaptability of the building to the climatic conditions. More rely on air conditioning and other mechanical means to achieve constant temperature and humidity of the artificial microclimate environment. To some extent, this way based on consuming non-renewable energy causes serious resource waste and energy consumption. From the point of view of the nature of architectural environment-climate, in the process of passive architectural design with microclimate adaptability, the function of natural forces and the potential of climate resources are brought into full play in the design process of microclimate adaptability. To achieve the minimum consumption of natural energy under the premise of satisfying human comfort, not only reduce energy consumption and pollution, but also create a comfortable and pleasant living environment, which is of great significance to environmental protection, resource utilization, harmony between man and nature, and so on. In the past years of the total construction in China, residential buildings have always occupied a large proportion, among which the heating energy consumption of residential buildings in cold areas is more prominent. It is in this context that how to study the comfort and energy saving of residential buildings in cold areas from the perspective of microclimate has become a hot spot in architectural design nowadays. This paper studies the comfort and energy saving of residential buildings in cold regions from the view of microclimate environment. Focusing on the following aspects: 1) on the basis of architectural climatology and green building design, to analyze and summarize the relationship between residential comfort, energy conservation and microclimate in cold regions. 2) through questionnaire, field investigation and analysis, From this, we obtain the subjective evaluation condition and demand of residential building microclimate environment. 3) from the two stages of site layout and residential building monomer design in cold area, on the basis of original architectural design, According to the analysis of microclimate and environmental factors in each design stage of the building, it is beneficial to deal with the related green building software simulation and field measurement of EcotectPhoenix and Airpak, combined with the case study of residential building in cold region. This paper systematically summarizes and puts forward the specific design strategies for the microclimate adaptability of residential buildings in cold regions (4) from the two aspects of site planning and layout and individual design of residential buildings in cold regions, The microclimate adaptability design strategy analysis, optimization and practical application are carried out in combination with scientific research and engineering examples, which provide reference and practical guidance for the design of microclimate adaptability of residential buildings in cold areas. In order to further promote the cold area residential building comfort and energy-saving work.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北建筑工程學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU241;TU119

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本文編號(hào)：2152622