【摘要】：本文對(duì)有關(guān)全極化合成孔徑雷達(dá)極化校正、極化分解以及極化特征參數(shù)提取進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的闡釋,從物理背景到應(yīng)用的了解、探索和挖掘的過(guò)程中,取得了一些創(chuàng)新性的成果。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容和創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)包括:(1)從全極化合成孔徑雷達(dá)的物理背景出發(fā),系統(tǒng)性地闡釋了電磁波的極化狀態(tài)及其表征、目標(biāo)極化散射特征的描述、極化合成、極化特征響應(yīng)等全極化合成孔徑雷達(dá)的基本理論;基于全極化合成孔徑雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)發(fā)射和接收轉(zhuǎn)換過(guò)程,建立了基于混合式角反射器法的極化校正模型,明晰了通道間隔離度不足、串?dāng)_、幅度與相位不平衡等失真影響以及極化校正中涉及的重要物理概念;(3)提出一種基于三個(gè)點(diǎn)目標(biāo)的全極化合成孔徑雷達(dá)極化校正的方法,該方法通過(guò)三面角反射器、二面角反射器以及旋轉(zhuǎn)22.5°二面角反射器的三個(gè)點(diǎn)目標(biāo),依據(jù)目標(biāo)實(shí)測(cè)與理論散射矩陣建立關(guān)系來(lái)獲取校正矩陣,然后利用校正矩陣對(duì)全極化合成孔徑雷達(dá)的回波數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行校正,從而完成對(duì)全極化合成孔徑雷達(dá)各極化通道之間的幅度與相位不平衡及串?dāng)_的校正。(4)基于仿真實(shí)驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證了該極化校正方法的有效性和穩(wěn)定性,探究旋轉(zhuǎn)22.5°二面角反射器隨旋轉(zhuǎn)角度以及其擺設(shè)角度的敏感性對(duì)校正精度的回饋影響,為機(jī)載Pi-SAR系統(tǒng)的校正提供參考;(5)基于機(jī)載實(shí)驗(yàn),以機(jī)載Pi-SAR系統(tǒng)獲取的全極化SAR影像為例,運(yùn)用所提出的極化校正方法,得出校正結(jié)果,進(jìn)行定量分析,以角反射器的極化特征響應(yīng)作為評(píng)價(jià)極化校正效果的可視化對(duì)比方式之一,將參考目標(biāo)校正前、校正后與理想極化特征響應(yīng)圖進(jìn)行對(duì)比;(6)極化分解作為極化SAR應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的重要分支之一,將校正前后的全極化SAR影像應(yīng)用于Pauli分解和Yamaguchi四分量分解,并基于TSVM分解提取校正前后的三個(gè)極化特征參數(shù),予以驗(yàn)證極化校正的效果。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the polarization correction, polarization decomposition and polarization characteristic parameter extraction of fully polarized synthetic aperture radar are explained in detail. Some innovative results have been obtained in the process of understanding, exploring and mining from physical background to application. The main research contents and innovations are as follows: (1) from the physical background of fully polarized synthetic aperture radar (ASAR), the polarization state and characterization of electromagnetic wave, the description of polarimetric scattering characteristics and polarization synthesis are systematically explained. The basic theory of polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR), such as polarization characteristic response, and the polarization correction model based on the hybrid angular reflector method are established based on the transmission and reception conversion process of the full polarization synthetic aperture radar (ASAR) system. The effects of distortion, such as insufficient isolation between channels, crosstalk, amplitude and phase imbalance, and the important physical concepts involved in polarization correction are clarified. (3) A method of polarization correction for fully polarized synthetic aperture radar based on three point targets is proposed. The correction matrix is obtained from the three point targets of the trihedral reflector, the dihedral reflector and the rotating 22.5 擄dihedral reflector, based on the relation between the measured target and the theoretical scattering matrix. Then the full polarization synthetic aperture radar echo data is corrected by using the correction matrix to correct the amplitude and phase imbalance and crosstalk between the polarization channels of the full polarization synthetic aperture radar. (4) based on the simulation experiments, The validity and stability of the polarization correction method are verified, and the feedback effect of rotation 22.5 擄dihedral angle reflector with rotation angle and sensitivity of display angle on correction accuracy is investigated. It provides a reference for the correction of airborne Pi-SAR system. (5) based on the airborne experiments, taking the fully polarized SAR image obtained by the airborne Pi-SAR system as an example, using the proposed polarization correction method, the correction results are obtained and analyzed quantitatively. The polarization characteristic response of the angular reflector is used as one of the visual contrast methods to evaluate the effect of polarization correction. (6) polarization decomposition, as an important branch of polarimetric SAR applications, is applied to Pauli decomposition and Yamaguchi four-component decomposition. Three polarization characteristic parameters before and after correction are extracted based on TSVM to verify the effect of polarization correction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P237

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