本文選題：洋河口濕地 + 互花米草入侵��； 參考：《青島大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文以洋河口濕地為研究對象,對洋河口濕地入侵物種互花米草的分布現(xiàn)狀以及擴展速度進行了研究,在此基礎上分析了互花米草入侵時間序列下土壤碳、氮、磷、C/N、C/P、N/P等的分布特征和相關性,探討了互花米草的入侵對濕地土壤碳、氮、磷化學計量的影響機制。研究結論如下:(1)2009年-2016年間,洋河口濕地互花米草斑塊面積從1.7hm2增長到78.4hm2,表明了互花米草繁殖能力和擴散能力很強。不同地區(qū)互花米草的面積年擴展倍數(shù)不同,與本研究中其他區(qū)域相比洋河口濕地互花米草面積年擴展倍數(shù)最大,這主要與洋河口區(qū)域的互花米草種子庫以及該區(qū)域生態(tài)因子適宜互花米草的生長發(fā)育和擴散有關。(2)洋河口互花米草不同入侵時間序列下,各樣地土壤TOC含量表現(xiàn)為SAF-8SAF-5SAF-1MF,即互花米草斑塊中土壤有機碳含量隨著入侵時間延長而增加。垂直方向上,由于互花米草生長年限較短(3a),且互花米草為C4植物,可以促進土壤表層TOC的累積,導致樣地SAF-8、SAF-5表層(0~10cm)土壤TOC含量均高于中、下層(20~60cm)土壤TOC含量。(3)不同入侵時間序列下土壤TN含量表現(xiàn)為SAF-8SAF-5SAF-1MF,分析原因主要是:互花米草根際分布有叢枝菌根真菌等多種共生固氮微生物,導致互花米草斑塊中土壤TN含量隨著入侵時間延長而增加,即在時間尺度上表現(xiàn)出積累效應。同時,洋河口濕地TN含量受潮汐作用、鹽水入侵、咸淡水交匯等水動力學作用影響顯著,受外源干擾較大,是各個樣地土壤TN含量垂直分布規(guī)律不明顯的主要原因。(4)樣地SAF-1、SAF-5、SAF-8同屬于互花米草濕地,其土壤中TP含量表現(xiàn)為SAF-1SAF-5SAF-8,即互花米草斑塊中土壤TP含量隨著入侵時間延長而增加,與土壤中TN含量與互花米草入侵的相關變化特征一致。垂直方向上,總體表現(xiàn)出TP表層富集的特征。這主要與河口潮灘濕地表層土壤以黏粒為主,對TP具有較強的吸附能力,同時TP受垂直方向的淋溶作用影響很小有關。(5)互花米草入侵時間序列上,濕地土壤C/N表現(xiàn)為隨著互花米草的入侵時間的增加而升高,而C/P、N/P變化規(guī)律相反,表現(xiàn)為隨著互花米草的入侵時間的增加呈現(xiàn)遞減的規(guī)律�；セ撞菘萋湮锓纸鈱е峦寥乐蠧含量較高,且C分解速率較低是土壤C/N隨著互花米草入侵時間的增長而增加的重要原因。隨著入侵時間的增長,C/P呈現(xiàn)遞減的變化趨勢,這與互花米草濕地隨著入侵時間的增長,TP的升高速率要高于TOC的增長速率有關。而N/P呈現(xiàn)遞減的變化趨勢與N素作為植物葉綠素的主要成分,互花米草生長需要消耗大量的N元素,而P元素相對消耗量較小有關。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the distribution and expansion rate of Spartina alterniflora, an invasive species in Yanghekou wetland, was studied, and the soil carbon and nitrogen under the invasion time series of Spartina alterniflora were analyzed. The distribution and correlation of C / P / P / P et al. The influence mechanism of Spartina alterniflora invasion on soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry was discussed. From 2009 to 2016, the patch area of Spartina alterniflora in Yanghekou wetland increased from 1.7hm2 to 78.4 hm-2, which indicated that Spartina alterniflora had strong reproductive and diffusive ability. The annual expansion times of Spartina alterniflora in different areas are different, and the annual expansion multiple of Spartina alterniflora in Yanghekou Wetland is the largest compared with other regions in this study. This is mainly related to the seed bank of Spartina alterniflora in the estuary of Yanghe River and the ecological factors suitable for the growth, development and diffusion of Spartina alterniflora in this region. (2) under different invasion time series of Spartina alterniflora in Yanghe River Estuary, The TOC content of soils in various plots was SAF-8SAF-5SAF-1MF.The content of soil organic carbon in Spartina alterniflora patches increased with the time of invasion. In vertical direction, because Spartina alterniflora has a shorter growth time, and Spartina alterniflora is a C4 plant, it can promote the accumulation of TOC in the surface layer of soil, resulting in the TOC content of the soil of SAF-8 and SAF-5 is higher than that of medium soil. Under different invasion time series, the TN content of soil was SAF-8SAF-5SAF-1MFF. The main reason was that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and other symbiotic nitrogen-fixing microbes were distributed in rhizosphere of Spartina alterniflora, and the main reason was that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and other symbiotic nitrogen-fixing microorganisms were distributed in the rhizosphere of Spartina alterniflora. As a result, soil TN content in Spartina alterniflora patches increased with the time of invasion, that is, accumulated effect on time scale. At the same time, the TN content of Yanghe River estuary wetland is affected by tidal action, salt water intrusion, salt and fresh water intersection, etc. It is the main reason that the vertical distribution of TN content in soil is not obvious. (4) SAF-1, SAF-5 and SAF-8 belong to Spartina alterniflora wetland, and the TP content in soil is SAF-1SAF-5SAF-8, that is, TP content in Spartina alterniflora patch increases with the time of invasion. The change of TN content in soil was consistent with that of Spartina alterniflora invasion. In the vertical direction, the TP surface layer is generally enriched. This is mainly related to the fact that the surface soil of estuarine tidal flat wetland is mainly clay and has a strong adsorption capacity for TP, and that TP is slightly affected by vertical leaching in the time series of invasion of Spartina alterniflora. The C / N of wetland soil increased with the invasion time of Spartina alterniflora, but the change rule of C / P N / P was opposite, which was the law of decreasing with the invasion time of Spartina alterniflora. The decomposition of litter of Spartina alterniflora led to the higher content of C in soil and the lower decomposition rate of C was the important reason for the increase of soil C / N with the increase of invasion time of Spartina alterniflora. With the increase of invasion time, C / P decreased, which was related to the increase rate of TP in Spartina alterniflora wetland with the increase of invasion time, which was higher than that of TOC. However, the decreasing trend of N / P was related to N element as the main component of chlorophyll in plants. The growth of Spartina alterniflora needed to consume a large amount of N elements, but the relative consumption of P element was relatively small.
【學位授予單位】：青島大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：Q948.1

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