本文選題：葉綠體全基因組 + 五加科��； 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：葉綠體是一個(gè)重要的細(xì)胞器,起源于古細(xì)菌入侵真核細(xì)胞的內(nèi)共生事件,在植物光合作用中扮演了生物合成工廠的重要角色,葉綠體DNA(chloroplastDNA,cpDNA)的保守性及它的低堿基替換率則讓它適用并廣泛運(yùn)用于植物的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育研究中。八角金盤(Fatsia japonica(Thunb.)Decne.et Planch.)和天胡荽(Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam.)這兩種五加科植物,有潛在藥用價(jià)值或者本身是傳統(tǒng)中草藥,同時(shí)都具有優(yōu)良的園藝價(jià)值。對其葉綠體基因組的研究可以有效補(bǔ)充植物界葉綠體基因組數(shù)據(jù)庫,也有利于該植物相關(guān)研究以及五加科內(nèi)部的屬間關(guān)系研究等。本論文首次報(bào)道了這兩種植物的葉綠體基因組全長序列,并基于此進(jìn)行了葉綠體比較基因組學(xué)的分析和系統(tǒng)發(fā)育分析,取得結(jié)果如下:(1)八角金盤和天胡荽的葉綠體基因組長度分別為155,613bp和152,880bp,均具有典型的四分結(jié)構(gòu):大單拷貝區(qū)(large single-copy region,LSC)和小單拷貝區(qū)(small single-copy region,SSC)被一對反向重復(fù)區(qū)(inverted repeat,IR)分開;基因的順序及內(nèi)容與已發(fā)表的五加科植物葉綠體基因組相似。本論文也對其重復(fù)序列、簡單重復(fù)序列(simple sequence repeat,SSR)、密碼子使用偏性等進(jìn)行了分析,為該植物的相關(guān)研究提供了基礎(chǔ)。(2)兩個(gè)葉綠體基因組的基本特征如各區(qū)域長度、GC含量、基因的組成與分布等與其他五加科植物具有相似性,同時(shí)體現(xiàn)了一定的個(gè)體差異,特別地,天胡荽(H.sibthorpioides)中的基因ycf15是假基因。遺傳距離分析結(jié)果表現(xiàn)了不同植物間的差異,同時(shí)也明顯地表現(xiàn)出群體劃分傾向。(3)本論文基于22種傘形目植物葉綠體基因組中7種不同數(shù)據(jù)集和三種方法構(gòu)建了系統(tǒng)進(jìn)化樹,進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)發(fā)育分析。結(jié)果表明天胡荽屬以100%的支持率被歸于五加科中,被認(rèn)為位于五加科植物進(jìn)化過程中的基底部,與本研究中其他五加科植物構(gòu)成的"中心五加科"分支構(gòu)成姐妹關(guān)系;八角金盤位于五加科AsianPalmate種團(tuán)中,并被推測位于五加科的進(jìn)化拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)的較遠(yuǎn)端,與刺楸(Kalopanax septemlobus)和梁王茶(Metapanaxdelavayi)組成的小分支構(gòu)成姐妹關(guān)系;AsianPalmate種團(tuán)中的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關(guān)系傾向于(((((K.septemlobus+M.delavayi)+F.japonica)+(E.senticosus+ B.hainla))+Dendropana)+ S.delavayi)。研究結(jié)果充實(shí)了整個(gè)植物界的葉綠體基因組數(shù)據(jù)庫,豐富了藥用植物或具有潛在藥用價(jià)值植物的全基因組數(shù)據(jù)庫;基于葉綠體基因組全長序列構(gòu)建的系統(tǒng)進(jìn)化樹,對于目前五加科內(nèi)樣本數(shù)較少、屬間水平上結(jié)論有限等的情況可以提供更多的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育數(shù)據(jù),不同數(shù)據(jù)集進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)進(jìn)化分析的結(jié)果對以后尤其是科以下水平進(jìn)化研究中的數(shù)據(jù)集的選擇也具有重要的參考價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Chloroplast is an important organelle, originated from the endosymbiosis of eukaryotic cells invaded by ancient bacteria, and plays an important role in the biosynthesis factory in plant photosynthesis. The conservation of chloroplastDNA and its low base replacement rate make it suitable and widely used in phylogenetic studies of plants. Fatsia japonicaus Thunb. Decne.et Planch.) ) Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam.) These two species of Acanthopanaceae have potential medicinal value or traditional Chinese herbal medicine, and both have good horticultural value. The study of chloroplast genome can complement the chloroplast genome database of the plant and be helpful to the study of the plant and the intergeneric relationship within the family Acanthopanaceae and so on. In this paper, the full-length chloroplast genome sequences of the two plants were first reported, and based on this, the chloroplast comparative genomics and phylogenetic analysis were carried out. The results were as follows: (1) the chloroplast genome length of Acanthus and coriander were 155613bp and 152880bprespectively, with typical quaternary structure: large single-copy region LSCs and small single-copy regions SSCs were separated by a pair of reverse repeats inverted repeat IRs; The sequence and content of the genes are similar to the chloroplast genomes of the reported Acanthopanaceae plants. In this paper, the repeat sequence, simple sequence repeats, codon usage bias and so on were also analyzed, which provided the basis for the study of the plant. The basic characteristics of the two chloroplast genomes, such as the length of each region, GC content, were also analyzed. The composition and distribution of the genes were similar to those of other plants in the family Acanthopanaceae, and showed certain individual differences. In particular, the gene ycf15 in H. sibthorpioides was a pseudogene. The results of genetic distance analysis showed the difference among different plants and the tendency of population division.) in this paper, the phylogenetic tree was constructed based on 7 different data sets and 3 methods in chloroplast genome of 22 Umbellifera species. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out. The results showed that the genus coriander was attributed to the family Acanthaceae with 100% approval rate and was considered to be located at the base of the evolution process of the family Acanthaceae. The anise is located in the Asian Palmate colony of the Acanthaceae, and is presumed to be located at the far end of the evolutionary topology of the Acanthaceae. The phylogenetic relationship in Asian Palmate, which is composed of small branches of Kalopanax septemlobus and Metapanax delavayi), tends to be the same as that of K. septemlobus M. delavayi (F. japonica), E. senticosus B. hainlaa) Dendropana) S. delavayiana. The results enrich the chloroplast genome database of the whole plant world, the whole genome database of medicinal plants or plants with potential medicinal value, and the phylogenetic tree based on the full-length sequence of chloroplast genome. More phylogenetic data can be provided for the current situation where there are fewer samples and limited conclusions at the intergeneric level. The results of phylogenetic analysis of different data sets also have important reference value for the selection of data sets in the later evolutionary studies, especially at the level below the family level.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：Q943.2

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 衛(wèi)強(qiáng);邱鎮(zhèn);徐飛;李前榮;尹浩;;八角金盤葉化學(xué)成分及其抗腫瘤活性研究[J];中藥材;2015年04期

2 金桂花;陳斯云;伊廷雙;張書東;;蘋果葉綠體基因組特征分析（英文）[J];植物分類與資源學(xué)報(bào);2014年04期

3 邱士明;陳金祥;張雪雄;邱偉忠;胡振域;;八角金盤用途及繁殖技術(shù)[J];現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)科技;2014年11期

4 王俊;馬玉心;崔大練;王日昕;陸艷用;秦景;;八角金盤傳粉昆蟲及其訪花行為[J];應(yīng)用昆蟲學(xué)報(bào);2011年03期

5 邢少辰;CLARKE JIHONG LIU;;葉綠體基因組研究進(jìn)展[J];生物化學(xué)與生物物理進(jìn)展;2008年01期

6 于惠敏;解相林;;葉綠體的“內(nèi)共生”與“基因轉(zhuǎn)移”現(xiàn)象[J];生物學(xué)通報(bào);2007年10期

7 唐春梓;林先明;由金文;劉海華;郭杰;廖璐婧;;五加科藥用植物資源征集、保存與利用研究[J];湖北農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2007年04期

8 張?zhí)m;張德志;;天胡荽的研究進(jìn)展[J];現(xiàn)代食品與藥品雜志;2007年01期

9 劉啟新,惠紅,潘澤惠,李碧媛;中國傘形科天胡荽亞科果實(shí)解剖特征及其系統(tǒng)學(xué)意義[J];植物資源與環(huán)境學(xué)報(bào);2002年03期

10 蕭運(yùn)峰;野生草坪植物——天胡荽的研究[J];四川草原;1999年04期

，

本文編號：2025293