本文選題：加拿大一枝黃花 + 凋落葉��； 參考：《江蘇大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：化感作用已經(jīng)成為外來植物成功入侵的機(jī)制之一,植物產(chǎn)生化感物質(zhì)有多種途徑,作為植物化感物質(zhì)主要來源的凋落葉在土壤中降解并釋放化感物質(zhì)是產(chǎn)生化感作用的重要方式。加拿大一枝黃花是一種典型的惡性入侵雜草,有關(guān)其凋落葉的化感作用,特別是模擬實(shí)際生態(tài)環(huán)境下其化感作用的研究尚未見報(bào)道。因此,本研究以凋落葉和新鮮葉子為實(shí)驗(yàn)材料,萵苣為受試植物,通過在實(shí)際生態(tài)環(huán)境下的土壤盆栽實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證加拿大一枝黃花凋落葉和葉子的化感作用;其次,通過盆栽實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)M研究自然條件下凋落葉和幼苗根系分泌物對土壤理化性質(zhì)及微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)的影響;最后,研究凋落葉的甲醇粗提液和分離純化的2個(gè)化合物對擬南芥幼苗的生理響應(yīng);旨在探明加拿大一枝黃花凋落葉的化感作用及其化學(xué)生態(tài)學(xué)功能,闡明加拿大一枝黃花凋落葉的化感作用與其入侵?jǐn)U張之間關(guān)系,為其成功入侵機(jī)制的研究提供理論依據(jù)。其結(jié)果如下:1.土壤中添加不同濃度的加拿大一枝黃花凋落葉和新鮮葉子都抑制了萵苣種子的發(fā)芽率以及幼苗的株高和生物量,抑制作用隨著處理濃度的增加而增強(qiáng),且新鮮葉子的抑制作用要高于凋落葉。濃度為0.05和0.1 g/g時(shí)幼苗過氧化物酶(POD)和過氧化氫酶(CAT)活性升高,當(dāng)新鮮葉子濃度增加到0.2 g/g時(shí)CAT活性降低;凋落葉和新鮮葉子處理引起了幼苗氧化損傷導(dǎo)致丙二醛(MDA)的含量的增加。GC-MS分析了凋落葉和葉子甲醇提取液的化學(xué)組成,分別檢測到27種和34種化合物,主要是萜類、酮類、酚類、醇類、生物堿類等。另外結(jié)果表明土壤和萵苣幼苗中總黃酮和總酚的含量也隨處理濃度的增加而升高,這兩類物質(zhì)可能是產(chǎn)生化感作用的主要來源。一方面證明了加拿大一枝黃花凋落葉和葉子的化感作用抑制了萵苣幼苗生長且葉子的作用要強(qiáng)于凋落葉的;另一方面說明了實(shí)際環(huán)境中凋落葉化感作用的時(shí)效性,隨著凋落葉的分解化感作用可能逐漸的降低。2.加拿大一枝黃花凋落葉與幼苗根系分泌物改變了土壤理化性質(zhì),尤其是土壤pH值從6.55變化到7.34,土壤總氮(TN)的含量從0.21增加到0.51 g/kg;凋落葉處理顯著增加了細(xì)菌群落豐富度和多樣性,但低濃度和高濃度之間沒有差異,幼苗根系分泌物對細(xì)菌群落多樣性和豐富度沒有顯著性影響;凋落葉和幼苗根系分泌物增加了土壤化合物的總數(shù)和總相對含量;Sphingomonas、Acidobacteriales、Gemmatimonas的相對豐度隨著加拿大一枝黃花凋落葉濃度和幼苗密度的增加而地降低;Methylobacillus、Rhizomicrobium、Novosphingobium和Bradyrhizobium的相對豐度隨凋落葉濃度的增加而增加,幼苗根系分泌物處理對其相對豐度沒有影響;冗余分析(RDA)表明土壤pH、TN和SOM含量變化不僅與凋落葉濃度和幼苗密度都呈正相關(guān)性,而且與細(xì)菌群落之間有相關(guān)性。結(jié)果證明土壤性質(zhì)、化學(xué)組成和土壤細(xì)菌群落相互作用相互影響共同改變著土壤生態(tài)過程,凋落葉和根系分泌都增加了土壤養(yǎng)分含量和細(xì)菌群落多樣性和豐富度,為加拿大一枝黃花不同入侵時(shí)期的生長提供有利的土壤生態(tài)環(huán)境。3.加拿大的一枝黃花凋落葉粗提取液和化合物1顯著的抑制了擬南芥幼苗的生長。甲醇粗提液的濃度為1 mg/m L時(shí)對根長的抑制率為66.82%,鮮重和葉綠素含量分別減少了58.46%和41.79%,且高濃度處理降低抗氧化酶活性增加了MDA的含量,濃度為0.5和1 mg/mL時(shí)都增加了幼苗可溶性糖和氨基酸含量,減少淀粉和可溶性蛋白的含量�；衔�1的濃度為25、50和100μg/m L時(shí)都抑制了幼苗的生長,高濃度處理顯著增加了可溶性糖含量而減少了淀粉和可溶性蛋白的含量,濃度為100μg/m L時(shí)自由氨基酸的含量升高至121.44 mg/g。化合物2在濃度為25、50和100μg/m L對擬南芥幼苗生長指標(biāo)和代謝產(chǎn)物的含量都沒有顯著的影響。這些生理指標(biāo)的變化證明了加拿大一枝黃花凋落葉化合物的化感活性。擬南芥幼苗的代謝產(chǎn)物可溶性糖和氨基酸含量的升高以及淀粉和可溶性蛋白含量的降低說明了凋落葉對擬南芥幼苗生長的化感抑制作用是通過改變植物體內(nèi)正常C和N代謝途徑實(shí)現(xiàn)的,為加拿大一枝黃花凋落葉化感作用機(jī)理研究提供了理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Allelopathy has become one of the mechanisms for the successful invasion of exotic plants. There are many ways for plants to produce allelochemicals. As the main source of the plant allelochemicals, litter degrading and releasing allelochemicals is an important way to produce allelopathy. The allelopathic effect of deciduous leaves, especially in the simulated ecological environment, has not yet been reported. Therefore, this study uses litter and fresh leaves as experimental materials. Lettuce is a tested plant. The Allelopathy of the leaves and leaves of a Canadian yellow flower is verified by a potted experiment under the actual ecological environment. Secondly, the Allelopathy of the leaves and leaves of a Canadian yellow flower is verified. The effects of litter and root exudates on soil physical and chemical properties and microbial community structure under natural conditions were simulated in a pot experiment. Finally, the physiological responses of 2 compounds of methanol crude extract and separated and purified compounds to Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings were studied. Its chemical ecological function clarifies the relationship between allelopathy and invasion and expansion of the litterfall leaves of Canada. It provides a theoretical basis for the study of its successful invasion mechanism. The results are as follows: 1. the germination rate of lettuce seeds and young lettuce seeds were inhibited by adding different concentrations of Canadian leaves and fresh leaves in the soil. The plant height and biomass, the inhibition effect increased with the increase of treatment concentration, and the inhibitory effect of fresh leaves was higher than that of the leaves. The activity of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) increased at 0.05 and 0.1 g/g, and the activity of CAT decreased when the concentration of fresh leaves increased to 0.2 g/g; the treatment of litter and fresh leaves treatment. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was increased by oxidative damage of seedlings by.GC-MS. The chemical composition of the leaves and leaf methanol extracts was analyzed. 27 and 34 compounds were detected, mainly terpenoids, ketones, phenols, alcohols, alkaloids and so on. The results also showed that the total and total phenols content in soil and lettuce seedlings was also everywhere. The two kinds of substances may be the main source of allelopathy. On the one hand, the Allelopathy of the leaves and leaves of the Canadian leaves and leaves inhibit the growth of lettuce seedlings and the leaf effect is stronger than the litter. On the other hand, the aging of the leaf litter effect in the real environment is explained. The decomposition allelopathy of litter may gradually reduce the soil physical and chemical properties of.2. Canadian leaves and seedling root exudates, especially the soil pH value from 6.55 to 7.34, the total soil nitrogen (TN) content increased from 0.21 to 0.51 g/kg, and the litter location significantly increased the abundance and diversity of the bacterial community. There was no difference between the low concentration and the high concentration, and the root exudates of the seedlings had no significant effect on the diversity and richness of the bacterial community. The total and total relative contents of the soil compounds were increased by the leaves and the root exudates of the seedlings. The relative abundance of Sphingomonas, Acidobacteriales and Gemmatimonas along with the litterfall leaves of Canadian yellow flower The relative abundance of Methylobacillus, Rhizomicrobium, Novosphingobium and Bradyrhizobium increased with the increase of litter concentration, and the seedling root exudate treatment had no effect on its relative abundance; redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the changes in soil pH, TN and SOM content were not only with the concentrations and young of litter leaves and young leaves. The seedling density was positively correlated and correlated with the bacterial community. The results show that soil properties, chemical composition and soil bacterial community interact and interact with each other to change the soil ecological process. The litter and root secretion increase the soil nutrient content and the diversity and richness of the bacterial community, which is a Canadian yellow flower. The growth of different invasion period provides a favorable soil ecological environment.3. Canada's yellow flower leaf coarse extract and compound 1 significantly inhibit the growth of Arabidopsis seedlings. The inhibition rate of the root length of the methanol extract is 66.82% when the concentration of 1 mg/m L, and the fresh weight and chlorophyll content are reduced by 58.46% and 41.79%, respectively. Reducing the activity of antioxidant enzymes increased the content of MDA and increased the content of soluble sugar and amino acids and reduced the content of starch and soluble protein at the concentration of 0.5 and 1 mg/mL. The growth of the seedlings was inhibited when the concentration of compound 1 was 25,50 and 100 mu g/m L, and the high concentration treatment significantly increased the soluble sugar content. The content of starch and soluble protein, when the concentration was 100 g/m L, the content of free amino acids increased to 121.44 mg/g. compound 2 at the concentration of 25,50 and 100 mu g/m L, which had no significant influence on the growth index and metabolites of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. The increase of soluble sugar and amino acid content and the decrease of the content of starch and soluble protein in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings indicate that the inhibition effect of litter on the growth of Arabidopsis seedlings is realized by changing the normal C and N metabolic pathways in the plant, and the Allelopathy of Canadian one branch yellow flower. The mechanism research provides a theoretical basis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：Q948

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