發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-28 17:22

  本文選題：植被指數(shù) + 濕度指數(shù)��； 參考：《華東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：受人類(lèi)活動(dòng)和氣候變化影響,我國(guó)海岸帶鹽沼植被面臨著嚴(yán)重威脅,其面積、分布以及相應(yīng)的生態(tài)服務(wù)功能處于快速變化中。如何快速準(zhǔn)確地對(duì)海岸帶鹽沼植被進(jìn)行精準(zhǔn)遙感監(jiān)測(cè),對(duì)維護(hù)海岸帶鹽沼植被資源總量、鹽沼生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)與功能,保持海岸帶鹽沼濕地資源可持續(xù)利用、促進(jìn)區(qū)域社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展具有重要理論意義與實(shí)踐指導(dǎo)價(jià)值。利用植被指數(shù)進(jìn)行植被遙感提取是陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)常用的方法。在海岸帶特別是潮間帶區(qū)域,鹽沼植被受潮水周期性淹沒(méi)影響,其下墊面復(fù)雜變化�，F(xiàn)有常規(guī)的多種植被指數(shù)不能很好提取潮灘鹽沼植被信息,特別是不能有效識(shí)別提取潮間帶低蓋度(30%)的鹽沼植被。本項(xiàng)研究以崇明東灘鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)國(guó)家級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū)為主要研究區(qū)域,考慮潮汐作用對(duì)海岸帶鹽沼植被下墊面的影響,通過(guò)野外光譜測(cè)量,對(duì)研究區(qū)典型鹽沼植被蘆葦(Phragmites australis)、海三棱叇草(Scirpus mariqueter)、互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)在不同蓋度以及不同土壤下墊面條件下的鹽沼植被反射光譜進(jìn)行分析,結(jié)合植被指數(shù)原理,提出一種基于下墊面濕度調(diào)節(jié)的海岸帶鹽沼植被指數(shù)(Coastal Salt Mashes Vegetation Index,CSMVI)。通過(guò)修正濕度和水體影響,有效消除因潮汐過(guò)程導(dǎo)致下墊面濕度和水位變化的鹽沼植被遙感提取低估的問(wèn)題。對(duì)該指數(shù)提取鹽沼植被的精度進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證,評(píng)價(jià)了該指數(shù)在美國(guó)Landsat-8 OLI影像,中國(guó)高分一號(hào)WFV影像以及法國(guó)SPOT-7 NAOMI影像上的適用性。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)海岸帶鹽沼植被的光譜差異主要是植被類(lèi)型、植被蓋度和下墊面共同影響的。典型鹽沼植被海三棱叇草、蘆葦和互花米草在533～560nm、683～751 nm波長(zhǎng)范圍內(nèi)光譜差異顯著。在波長(zhǎng)350～730nm范圍內(nèi),海三棱叇草、蘆葦、互花米草光譜反射率隨蓋度增大而減小。到730 nm后的近紅外波段,三種植被反射率隨蓋度增大而增大。在波長(zhǎng)350～950nm范圍內(nèi),植被光譜反射率隨潮位升高而增大;在潮位繼續(xù)升高將植株逐漸淹沒(méi)后,光譜反射率急劇下降。(2)根據(jù)遙感影像光譜和實(shí)測(cè)野外光譜數(shù)據(jù)分析表明,濕度及水體對(duì)鹽沼植被光譜響應(yīng)差異主要表現(xiàn)在可見(jiàn)光藍(lán)波段、綠波段、紅波段和近紅外波段。根據(jù)該特點(diǎn),本文提出一種新的植被指數(shù)CSMVI,該指數(shù)主要是對(duì)常規(guī)植被指數(shù)和濕度指數(shù)分析,將抗大氣植被指數(shù)(ARVI)與歸一化水體指數(shù)(NDWI)做乘法運(yùn)算,削弱下墊面濕度及水體帶來(lái)的影響。通過(guò)實(shí)地驗(yàn)證得到CSMVI的精度為84.44%,高于歸一化植被指數(shù)(NDVI)、ARVI和轉(zhuǎn)換型植被指數(shù)(TVI)的精度。(3)CSMVI在高分一號(hào)WFV(空間分辨率16m)和SPOT-7NAOMI(空間分辨率6m)遙感影像應(yīng)用結(jié)果表明,在長(zhǎng)江口和杭州灣區(qū)域,CSMVI可適用于不同空間分辨率的遙感影像和不同海岸帶區(qū)域的鹽沼植被提取,采用空間分辨率高的影像所提取的鹽沼植被精度更高。(4)本研究?jī)H對(duì)下墊面濕度及水體影響進(jìn)行了調(diào)節(jié),對(duì)于土壤粒徑、土壤鹽度、鹽沼植被類(lèi)型等因素并沒(méi)有考慮在內(nèi),在今后的研究中將對(duì)下墊面影響因子及鹽沼植被分類(lèi)做進(jìn)一步研究。另外,對(duì)于混合像元問(wèn)題,將對(duì)更高空間分辨率的遙感影像進(jìn)行應(yīng)用研究。
[Abstract]:Under the influence of human activities and climate change, the coastal salt marsh vegetation in China is facing a serious threat. Its area, distribution and corresponding ecological service function are in rapid change. How to quickly and accurately monitor the vegetation of coastal salt marsh, to maintain the total amount of vegetation resources in coastal salt marsh and the structure of salt marsh ecosystem It is of great theoretical and practical significance to maintain the sustainable utilization of wetland resources in coastal salt marshes and promote the sustainable and healthy development of regional social and economic development. The use of vegetation index for Remote Sensing Extraction of vegetation is a common method for land ecosystem. In coastal zone, especially in intertidal zone, the vegetation of salt marsh is flooded by tidal water periodicity. The existing conventional multi planting index can not extract the information of the tidal flat salt marsh vegetation, especially the salt marsh vegetation which can not identify the low coverage of the intertidal zone (30%). This study takes the National Nature Reserve of Chongming Dongtan bird as the main research area, considering the tidal effect on the coastal salt marshes. The reflectance spectra of salt marsh vegetation in the typical salt marsh vegetation (Phragmites australis), Scirpus mariqueter, Spartina alterniflora under the conditions of different coverage and soil underlying surface were analyzed by field spectral measurement, and the vegetation index principle was proposed. A coastal zone salt marsh vegetation index (Coastal Salt Mashes Vegetation Index, CSMVI) based on the humidity regulation of the underlying surface. By revising the influence of humidity and water, the problem of Remote Sensing Extraction of salt marsh vegetation caused by the change of the humidity and water level of the underlying surface was effectively eliminated. The accuracy of the extraction of salt marsh vegetation was tested by the index. The applicability of the index to the Landsat-8 OLI image in the United States, the number one WFV image of China and the SPOT-7 NAOMI image in France was evaluated. The results showed that: (1) the spectral differences of the coastal salt marsh vegetation were mainly vegetation types, the vegetation coverage and the underlying surface were influenced by the vegetation cover, the typical salt marsh vegetation, the sea trisex, reed and the rice grass The spectral reflectance in the wavelength range of 533 ~ 560nm and 683~751 nm was significant. In the range of 350 ~ 730nm, the spectral reflectance of the sea trisex, reed, and alterniflora decreased with the increase of coverage. The reflectance of three planting was increased with the increase of coverage in the near infrared band after 730 NM. The spectral reflectance of vegetation in the range of 350 to 950nm followed the wavelength of vegetation. When the tidal level increased, the spectral reflectance decreased sharply after the tidal level continued to inundate the plant. (2) according to the analysis of remote sensing image spectrum and field spectral data, the difference of spectral response between humidity and water body on the salt marsh vegetation was mainly in the visible light blue band, green band, red band and near infrared band. This paper presents a new vegetation index CSMVI, which is mainly the analysis of the conventional vegetation index and the humidity index, and multiplicative operation of the ARVI and the normalized water index (NDWI) to weaken the humidity of the underlying surface and the influence of the water body. The accuracy of the CSMVI is 84.44%, which is higher than the normalized vegetation index through field evidence. The accuracy of the number (NDVI), ARVI and converted vegetation index (TVI). (3) the application of CSMVI at WFV (spatial resolution 16m) and SPOT-7NAOMI (spatial resolution 6m) shows that CSMVI can be used in the remote sensing images of different spatial resolution and the extraction of salt marshes from different coastal zones in the Yangtze Estuary and the Hangzhou Bay area. The precision of salt marsh vegetation extracted by high spatial resolution is higher. (4) this study only regulates the humidity and water influence of the underlying surface, and does not take into account the factors such as soil particle size, soil salinity, and salt marsh vegetation types. In the future research, we will do further research on the influence factors of the underlying surface and the classification of salt marsh vegetation. In addition, for the mixed pixel problem, the application of remote sensing images with higher spatial resolution will be studied.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：Q948

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