本文選題：棕壤 + 生物炭��； 參考：《沈陽(yáng)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：單獨(dú)施用有機(jī)肥料或化學(xué)肥料均不能持續(xù)高效地保持農(nóng)田生產(chǎn)力,長(zhǎng)期大量礦質(zhì)肥料的施用使土壤變得貧瘠,有機(jī)無(wú)機(jī)肥料配施可改善土壤肥力狀況,保障土地的可持續(xù)利用。生物炭因良好的結(jié)構(gòu)和性質(zhì)而成為優(yōu)良的土壤改良劑和緩釋肥基質(zhì)。本研究以沈陽(yáng)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)與施肥技術(shù)研究室棕壤改土定位試驗(yàn)為平臺(tái),以傳統(tǒng)有機(jī)物料(秸稈和有機(jī)廄肥)為對(duì)照,開(kāi)展生物炭和炭基肥改土定位試驗(yàn),共設(shè)4個(gè)處理,分別為單施炭基肥(BF)和豬廄肥(PMC)、玉米秸稈(CS)、生物炭(BIO)分別配施氮磷鉀化肥。通過(guò)比較不同有機(jī)物料連續(xù)7年定位施用后土壤養(yǎng)分在花生生育期內(nèi)的動(dòng)態(tài)變化特征,并研究對(duì)土壤微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)和土壤有機(jī)氮組分的影響,以期探明生物炭和炭基肥在培肥土壤上的生物學(xué)機(jī)理和土壤養(yǎng)分釋放特征尤其是土壤供氮潛力,為生物炭和炭基肥大面積推廣提供理論參考。主要研究結(jié)果表明:1、與試驗(yàn)前相比,生物炭處理和炭基處理提高了土壤養(yǎng)分含量和pH值,炭基肥在提高土壤孔隙度方面,生物炭在提高作物產(chǎn)量方面具有優(yōu)勢(shì)。在東北典型棕壤種植花生,等養(yǎng)分施用條件下,炭基肥處理下土壤速效氮磷鉀和pH在花生各生育期的動(dòng)態(tài)變化特征及全量碳氮磷鉀、土壤容重和孔隙度等指標(biāo)與秸稈配施化肥處理相似,產(chǎn)量差異也不顯著;生物炭配施化肥條件下土壤速效磷鉀,全量磷及花生產(chǎn)量等指標(biāo)顯著高于秸稈配施化肥和炭基肥處理,將玉米秸稈燒制成生物炭要比秸稈直接投入土壤(本試驗(yàn)生物炭處理所耗生物質(zhì)量與秸稈還田處理相同)對(duì)于改善土壤磷鉀性質(zhì)及產(chǎn)量的提高上效果更好;干旱條件下豬廄肥處理保水保肥能力強(qiáng)于生物炭等其他處理。2、不同有機(jī)物料連續(xù)7年施用對(duì)土壤微生物群落分布(以磷脂脂肪酸表征)產(chǎn)生影響,施用豬廄肥能極大豐富土壤各個(gè)微生物群落生物量,施用生物炭能明顯提高土壤細(xì)菌和放線菌生物量,施用炭基肥有利于土壤真菌和放線菌生長(zhǎng)。相關(guān)性分析和冗余分析表明土壤pH、全氮、有機(jī)質(zhì)、含水量和全鉀對(duì)土壤微生物群落分布存在顯著影響。不同類型和不同用量的生物炭對(duì)土壤微生物群落影響的不同,相比于生物炭,炭基肥處理更有利于革蘭氏陰性細(xì)菌和真菌的積累,并能提高土壤微生物群落多樣性。3、與施用1年(2009年)相比,不同有機(jī)物料定位施用7年(2015年)后土壤總有機(jī)氮、酸解銨態(tài)氮、酸解氨基酸態(tài)氮和酸解氨基糖態(tài)氮均有顯著提高,酸解未知態(tài)氮和非酸解氮沒(méi)有顯著變化。不同有機(jī)氮組分的變化取決于施用肥料的不同:炭基肥處理提高了土壤酸解銨態(tài)氮和氨基酸態(tài)氮含量,降低非酸解氮含量,生物炭和豬廄肥處理提高了土壤酸解氨基酸態(tài)氮含量,生物炭長(zhǎng)期施用還降低酸解未知態(tài)氮含量,生物炭和炭基肥長(zhǎng)期施用可以增加土壤有機(jī)氮庫(kù)容量提升土壤供氮潛力,是培肥土壤的一種長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制。不同有機(jī)物料均顯著提高了酸解氨基糖態(tài)氮含量,土壤氨基糖態(tài)氮的提高具有增加土壤有機(jī)氮庫(kù)容量的作用。相關(guān)分析表明土壤有機(jī)氮組分中只有酸解氨基糖態(tài)氮與土壤微生物有顯著相關(guān)性,包括真菌、放線菌和革蘭氏細(xì)菌等微生物群落。長(zhǎng)期施用生物炭等不同有機(jī)物料后土壤中不同組分氮分布趨勢(shì)大致為:酸解銨態(tài)氮≥酸解氨基酸態(tài)氮非酸解氮≥酸解未知態(tài)氮酸解氨基糖態(tài)氮。
[Abstract]:The application of organic fertilizer or chemical fertilizer alone can not keep the productivity of farmland continuously and efficiently, and the application of long amount of mineral fertilizer makes the soil poor. The organic and inorganic fertilizer can improve the soil fertility and ensure the sustainable utilization of the land. In this study, the soil modification of the brown soil in the plant nutrition and Fertilization Technology Research Laboratory of Shenyang Agricultural Uinversity was taken as the platform, and the traditional organic materials (straw and organic manure) were used as the control, and the soil carbon and carbon base fertilizer modified soil localization test was carried out. There were 4 treatments, single applied carbon base fertilizer (BF) and pig manure (PMC), corn straw (CS), and biology. Carbon (BIO) was applied to the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer respectively. By comparing the dynamic changes of soil nutrients in the growth period of Peanut after 7 years of continuous application of different organic materials, the effects on soil microbial community structure and soil organic nitrogen components were studied in order to explore the biological mechanism and soil of biological charcoal and carbon base fertilizer on the fertilized soil. The characteristics of nutrient release, especially the potential of soil nitrogen supply, provide a theoretical reference for the promotion of carbon and carbon based hypertrophy area. The main results show that: 1, compared with the pre test, biological carbon treatment and carbon based treatment improved soil nutrient content and pH value. Carbon base fertilizer in improving soil pore space, biological carbon in raising crop yield has a great effect. The characteristics of soil available N, P, K, pH and total carbon, N, P, K, soil bulk density and porosity were similar to that of straw combined with chemical fertilizer treatment under the condition of fertilizer application. The indexes of soil available phosphorus and potassium, total phosphorus and peanut yield were significantly higher than that of straw combined fertilizer and carbon base fertilizer. Under drought conditions, the ability of pig manure to treat water and fertilizer is better than that of biological carbon and other treatment.2. The application of different organic materials for 7 years has an effect on the distribution of soil microbial community (characterized by phospholipid fatty acid). The application of pig manure can greatly enrich the biomass of soil microbial communities, and the application of biological carbon can obviously improve soil bacteria and discharge. Microbial biomass, the application of carbon base fertilizer to the growth of soil fungi and actinomycetes. Correlation analysis and redundancy analysis showed that soil pH, total nitrogen, organic matter, water content and total potassium had significant effects on the distribution of soil microbial communities. Different types and different amounts of biological carbon have different effects on soil microbial communities, compared to carbon and carbon. Base fertilizer treatment is more conducive to the accumulation of Gram-negative bacteria and fungi, and can improve the diversity of soil microbial community diversity.3. Compared with the application of 1 years (2009), the soil organic nitrogen, ammonium acid nitrogen, acid hydrolysable nitrogen, acid hydrolysate nitrogen and acid hydrolysate nitrogen in different organic materials have been significantly improved after 7 years of application (2015), and the acid hydrolysis is unknown. The change of nitrogen and non acid nitrogen was not significant. The change of organic nitrogen components depends on the application of fertilizer. The treatment of carbon base fertilizer increased the content of ammonium nitrogen and amino acid nitrogen in soil, reduced the content of non acid nitrogen, and improved the content of acid hydrolysate nitrogen in soil by biological carbon and pig manure treatment, and the long-term application of biological carbon also reduced the acid solution. The content of nitrogen in the unknown state and the long-term application of biological carbon and carbon base fertilizer can increase the soil organic nitrogen pool capacity to enhance the potential of soil nitrogen supply, and it is a long-term mechanism of soil cultivation. The analysis showed that only acidolysis amino sugar nitrogen in soil organic nitrogen components had significant correlation with soil microbes, including fungi, actinomycetes and gram-bacterium bacteria and other microbial communities. The distribution trend of different components of nitrogen in soil after long-term application of biological carbon and other organic materials was approximately ammonium nitrate nitrogen more than acid hydrolysate amino acid nitrogen non acid nitrogen solution nitrogen. The acid solution of the amino sugar nitrogen in the unknown state.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽(yáng)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S154.3;S153
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本文編號(hào)：1917244