本文選題：棉革菌 + 內(nèi)蒙古　； 參考：《內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：棉革菌(Tomentella)可以和針葉林和落葉闊葉林中的樹木形成多種外生菌根,對森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)具有重要的意義。盡管棉革菌分布特別廣泛,但是由于其子實(shí)體具有平伏的特性所以特別容易被忽略。中國關(guān)于棉革菌子實(shí)體的研究更是十分匱乏。所以本研究對采自內(nèi)蒙古賀蘭山國家級自然保護(hù)區(qū)、內(nèi)蒙古賽罕烏拉國家級自然保護(hù)區(qū)、內(nèi)蒙古黑里河國家級自然保護(hù)區(qū)、內(nèi)蒙古白音敖包國家級自然保護(hù)區(qū)以及內(nèi)蒙古大興安嶺生態(tài)定位站的子實(shí)體樣本進(jìn)行形態(tài)觀察,并結(jié)合rDNA-ITS序列構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹,分析了我國內(nèi)蒙古地區(qū)棉革菌屬真菌的分類情況。本實(shí)驗所得研究結(jié)果如下:1.通過對5個樣地采集到的子實(shí)體樣本進(jìn)行宏觀以及微觀形態(tài)觀察,以子實(shí)層和菌絲層的顏色和形態(tài)特征,subicular菌絲、subhymenial菌絲和根狀菌索的顏色、大小和特征,囊狀體、擔(dān)子、孢子的顏色、形狀、大小和特征以及孢子紋飾類型為依據(jù)初步劃分為21種類型并對其進(jìn)行詳細(xì)描述�？偨Y(jié)得出:內(nèi)蒙古地區(qū)棉革菌子實(shí)體子實(shí)層和菌絲層顏色為黃棕色至黑棕色,子實(shí)層具2種表面特征。部分子實(shí)體具根狀菌索,顏色為無色至黑色,具4種特征。Subicular菌絲顏色為無色至深棕色,包括4種特征。Subhymenial菌絲為無色至深棕,具3種特征。小部分子實(shí)體具囊狀體,顏色為無色至深棕色,具2種形狀。擔(dān)子顏色為無色至深棕色,具2種形狀,7種特征。孢子顏色為深黃色至深棕色,具4種形狀,2種紋飾類型。2.基于子實(shí)體rDNA ITS序列分析,并用貝葉斯法構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹得出:21種子實(shí)體均屬于棉革菌屬,其中有8個與Genebank中的棉革菌序列形成獨(dú)立分支且后驗概率值大于0.95,結(jié)合形態(tài)對比得出其中2個為中國新紀(jì)錄種,分別為Tomentella fibrosa和T.terrestri。其他樣品中有可能包含棉革菌新種,由于中國目前可參考資料稀缺,所以有待進(jìn)一步研究。
[Abstract]:Tomentella) can form ectomycorrhizal with trees in coniferous forest and deciduous broad-leaved forest, which is of great significance to forest ecosystem. Although it is widely distributed, its fruiting body is easy to be ignored because of its flatness. The research on the fruiting body of cotton leather in China is very scarce. Therefore, this study was conducted from the Helan Mountain National Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia, the Saihanula National Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia, and the Heihe National Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia. Morphological observation was carried out on the fruiting body samples from Baiyinaobao National Nature Reserve and Daxing'anling Ecological Positioning Station, Inner Mongolia, and phylogenetic tree was constructed with rDNA-ITS sequence. The classification of cotton leatherback fungi in Inner Mongolia was analyzed. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The color, size and characteristics of subhymenial hyphae and rhizobia were observed by macroscopic and microscopic morphological observation of the fruiting body samples collected from 5 samples. The color, size and characteristics of subhymenial mycelium, bursa and basidia were obtained from the color and morphological characteristics of seed layer and hyphae layer. According to the color, shape, size and characteristics of spores and spore patterns, the spores were divided into 21 types and described in detail. The results showed that the fruiting layer and hyphae layer were yellowish brown to black brown and had two surface features. Some of the fruiting bodies have rhizobia with colorless to black color, with 4 characteristics. Subicular hyphal color is colorless to dark brown, including 4 characteristics. Subhymenial hyphal is colorless to dark brown, with 3 characteristics. A small number of fruiting bodies with cystic bodies, colorless to dark brown, with two shapes. The burden is colorless to dark brown, with 2 shapes and 7 features. The spore color is dark yellow to dark brown, with 4 shapes and 2 decorative types. Based on the rDNA ITS sequence analysis of fruiting entities, the phylogenetic tree was constructed by using Bayesian method. Eight of them formed independent branches with Genebank sequence and the posteriori probability value was greater than 0.95.These two species were new record species in China, Tomentella fibrosa and T. terrestriate, respectively. Other samples may contain new species of cotton leatherback, which need to be further studied because of the scarcity of reference materials in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：Q949.32

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