本文選題：沉底油 + 海膽胚胎��； 參考：《大連海事大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：為研究沉底油對(duì)海洋底棲生物的繁殖和子代胚胎發(fā)育的毒性影響,本實(shí)驗(yàn)以380#船用燃料油為實(shí)驗(yàn)油品模擬沉底油,以蝦夷馬糞海膽(Strongylocentrotus intermedius)為受試生物進(jìn)行研究,實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)定了母本暴露、父本暴露和雙親本暴露,運(yùn)用紫外分光光度法和氣相-質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用法(GC-MS)分別測(cè)定上覆水(與空氣直接接觸的暴露液)和間隙水(含油砂礫空隙中的暴露液)中總石油烴(TPH)和總多環(huán)芳烴(TPAH)含量,并結(jié)合配子的受精能力和其子代胚胎個(gè)體發(fā)育情況對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:相同暴露時(shí)間下,隨著沉底油油砂配比濃度的增加,上覆水和間隙水中TPH濃度也隨之增加,且間隙水的TPH濃度高于上覆水的TPH濃度,胚胎的生長(zhǎng)抑制率和畸形率的變化趨勢(shì)與TPH的變化趨勢(shì)基本一致。通過(guò)GC-MS檢測(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn),單位質(zhì)量含油砂礫中TPAH的最大值為10.277μg/g;上覆水中TPAH的最大值為14.826μg/L,其中菲的含量相對(duì)較高,因此可推測(cè)本實(shí)驗(yàn)中菲是影響海膽子代胚胎個(gè)體發(fā)育的主要原因。將親代暴露于不同油砂配比濃度的沉底油中7d,其配子的受精率仍可達(dá)98%以上,但性腺指數(shù)降低,最高排卵抑制率為50.89%,且子代出現(xiàn)大量體長(zhǎng)較小、發(fā)育遲緩及畸形的個(gè)體。說(shuō)明親代暴露雖然不會(huì)影響配子的受精能力,但親本繁殖能力降低,沉底油釋放的毒性會(huì)隨海膽配子傳遞給子代,影響子代的胚胎發(fā)育。并且實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),長(zhǎng)腕幼蟲(chóng)期(受精后48h)的生長(zhǎng)抑制率和畸形率高于原腸胚期(受精后24h)。表明親代暴露對(duì)子代胚胎發(fā)育的毒性影響會(huì)在長(zhǎng)腕幼蟲(chóng)期被放大。因此,可將長(zhǎng)腕幼蟲(chóng)期的海膽胚胎作為沉底油污染損害評(píng)估及早期預(yù)警的模式生物。親代暴露和親子雙代持續(xù)暴露中,子代胚胎的生長(zhǎng)抑制率在父本暴露時(shí)最大,母本暴露時(shí)最小;子代胚胎的畸形率在雙親本暴露時(shí)最大。該結(jié)果表明父本暴露和雙親本暴露會(huì)產(chǎn)生更為嚴(yán)重的遺傳毒性,其子代胚胎的發(fā)育情況可為海洋生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估、自然資源損害評(píng)估以及船舶溢油索賠提供重要的科學(xué)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:In order to study the toxic effects of sunken oil on the reproduction of marine benthos and the embryo development of offspring, 380# marine fuel oil was used as the experimental oil to simulate the bottom oil, and Strongylocentrotus intermediusus was used as the test organism. Exposure to female, paternal and parental exposures were set. The contents of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (TPAH) in overlying water (exposed liquid in direct contact with air) and interstitial water (exposure fluid in oil-bearing gravel) were determined by UV spectrophotometry and GC-MS, respectively. The experiment results were analyzed by combining the fertilization ability of gametes and the ontogeny of their offspring embryos. The experimental results show that the concentration of TPH in overlying water and interstitial water increases with the increase of oil sand concentration at the same exposure time, and the TPH concentration in interstitial water is higher than that in overlying water. The trend of embryo growth inhibition rate and abnormal rate was basically consistent with that of TPH. The maximum value of TPAH in oil-bearing gravel per unit mass was 10.277 渭 g / g, and the maximum value of TPAH in overlying water was 14.826 渭 g / L, and the content of phenanthrene was relatively high. Therefore, it can be inferred that phenanthrene is the main reason that affects the ontogeny of embryo of sea urchin offspring in this experiment. The fertilization rate of gamete was still over 98%, but the gonadal index was decreased, the highest ovulation inhibition rate was 50.89%, and a large number of individuals with small body length, developmental retardation and malformation were found in the offspring exposed to sunken oil with different oil sand ratios for 7 days. The results showed that parental exposure did not affect the fertilization ability of gametes, but the reproductive ability of parents was decreased, and the toxicity of oil release from sunken bottom would be transferred to the offspring with the gametes of sea urchin, which affected the embryo development of the offspring. It was also found that the growth inhibition rate and deformity rate of long wrist larvae (48h after fertilization) were higher than those of proctoembryonic stage (24h after fertilization). The results showed that the toxic effects of parental exposure on embryonic development of offspring were amplified at the stage of long wrist larva. Therefore, sea urchin embryos in the long wrist larval stage can be used as model organisms for assessment and early warning of oil pollution damage. In parental and parent-offspring continuous exposures, the growth inhibition rate of progeny embryos was the highest at parental exposure, and the lowest at parental exposure, while the deformity rate of offspring embryos was the highest at parental exposure. The results showed that paternal and parental exposures would produce more serious genotoxicity, and the development of their offspring embryos could provide an important scientific basis for marine ecological risk assessment, natural resource damage assessment and claims for oil spill from ships.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X55;X171.5

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