本文選題：拼接菲涅爾透鏡 + 失調(diào)誤差��； 參考：《中國科學院大學(中國科學院光電技術研究所)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：薄膜狀菲涅爾透鏡因其質(zhì)量輕、易于復制、面型公差較為寬松的優(yōu)點,在未來超大口徑天文望遠鏡方面有著廣闊的應用前景。成像用菲涅爾透鏡在目前的加工技術條件下要實現(xiàn)大口徑,只能采用子鏡拼接技術。子鏡拼接過程中由于各方面因素造成的子鏡間的失調(diào)將會對最終拼接而成的主鏡的成像質(zhì)量造成影響。本文針對拼接菲涅爾透鏡失調(diào)誤差的分析、檢測和相關實驗做了如下的工作:1.分別調(diào)研了國內(nèi)外大型拼接天文望遠鏡的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀、各種主流的子鏡拼接對準檢測技術和菲涅爾透鏡成像原理,結合研究背景和現(xiàn)狀提出了本文的研究目的和意義。2.建立了兩片式和多片式拼接菲涅爾透鏡數(shù)值仿真模型,基于衍射光學理論,推導拼接鏡在任意失調(diào)誤差情況下的點擴散函數(shù)的解析表達式,以此分析各失調(diào)誤差對拼接鏡成像質(zhì)量的影響。并根據(jù)斯特列爾準則,計算各失調(diào)誤差單獨存在時的誤差容限,分析了誤差容限和拼接鏡F數(shù)之間的關系。3.結合了菲涅爾透鏡成像特性與失調(diào)誤差對其成像質(zhì)量影響的分析結果,提出了一種基于拼接鏡點擴散函數(shù)圖像和光自準直測角原理的失調(diào)誤差檢測方案。對該方案的原理和具體步驟進行了詳細的介紹,并在zemax軟件中進行了仿真驗證。該方法能夠?qū)ζ唇隅R中帶有的多種失調(diào)誤差進行有效的檢測,并且精度達到拼接鏡理想成像的誤差容限要求。4.根據(jù)本文所提失調(diào)誤差檢測方案設計搭建了相應實驗平臺,設計了兩個實驗。實驗一設計了口徑40mm,焦距400mm的兩片式拼接菲涅爾透鏡,采用PI六維調(diào)整臺作為子鏡誤差校正控制系統(tǒng),采用ESDI干涉儀作為平行光源以及光自準直測角系統(tǒng)。首先基于光自準直測角系統(tǒng)檢測校正子鏡繞X\Y軸旋轉傾斜誤差,然后通過CCD在拼接鏡焦面獲得點擴散函數(shù)圖像。根據(jù)點擴散函數(shù)圖像和子鏡X\Y\Z軸平移誤差建立的關系反算子鏡失調(diào)誤差并校正。該方案實現(xiàn)了子鏡間的高精度對準,其檢測精度為:AZ測量標準差σz為27.2 μ m,AX和△Y測量標準差σXY為0.26 μ m,θX和θY檢測誤差小于0.1 °滿足各失調(diào)誤差容限要求。實驗二對經(jīng)實驗一校正完失調(diào)誤差后的拼接鏡進行干涉檢測。根據(jù)菲涅爾透鏡成像特性采用自準直干涉檢測技術,使用4D動態(tài)干涉儀作為測量儀器,通過反復調(diào)整干涉儀和平面反射鏡的位置,獲得拼接鏡的波前數(shù)據(jù),其光學波前為0.26λ,基本符合瑞利判據(jù),說明本文所提失調(diào)誤差檢測方案的可行性。
[Abstract]:Thin film Fresnel lens has a wide application prospect in the future because of its advantages of light weight, easy replication and loose surface tolerance. In order to realize large aperture Fresnel lens can only be spliced by sub-mirror. The misalignment between sub-mirrors caused by various factors in the process of sub-mirror stitching will affect the imaging quality of the final spliced primary mirror. In this paper, the following work has been done: 1: 1 for the analysis of misalignment error of Fresnel lens splicing, detection and related experiments. The development status of large spliced astronomical telescopes at home and abroad, various mainstream sub-mirror alignment detection techniques and Fresnel lens imaging principle are investigated respectively. The purpose and significance of this paper are put forward in combination with the research background and present situation. A numerical simulation model of Fresnel lens with two or more splices is established. Based on the theory of diffractive optics, the analytical expression of point diffusion function of splicing mirror under arbitrary misalignment error is derived. The influence of the misalignment error on the imaging quality of the splicing mirror is analyzed. According to the Stryer criterion, the error tolerance of each misalignment error is calculated, and the relationship between the error tolerance and the F number of splicing mirror is analyzed. Based on the analysis of the effect of Fresnel lens imaging characteristics and misalignment errors on the imaging quality, a scheme of misalignment error detection based on the splicing point diffusion function image and the principle of optical self-collimation angle measurement is proposed. The principle and concrete steps of the scheme are introduced in detail, and the simulation is carried out in zemax software. This method can effectively detect the misalignment errors in the splicing mirror, and the precision can reach the error tolerance requirement of the ideal image of the splicing mirror. According to the design of the misalignment error detection scheme proposed in this paper, a corresponding experimental platform is built, and two experiments are designed. In experiment 1, a two-slice Fresnel lens with 40mm aperture and focal length 400mm is designed. The Pi six-dimensional adjusting platform is used as the sub-mirror error correction control system, the ESDI interferometer is used as the parallel light source and the optical self-collimation angle measuring system is used. Firstly, based on the optical self-collimation angle measurement system, the correction sub-mirror rotates the tilt error around the X\ Y axis, and then the point diffusion function image is obtained by CCD in the focal plane of the spliced mirror. Based on the point diffusion function image and the translation error of the X\ Y\ Z axis of the sub-mirror, the misalignment error of the inverse operator mirror is established and corrected. In this scheme, the high precision alignment between sub-mirrors is realized. The detection accuracy is that the measurement standard deviation 蟽 _ z of: AZ is 27.2 渭 m, the standard deviation 蟽 _ XY of Y is 0.26 渭 m, and the detection errors of 胃 _ X and 胃 _ Y are less than 0.1 擄to meet the tolerance requirements of each misalignment error. Experiment 2 detects the interference of splicing mirror after correcting the misalignment error in experiment 1. According to the imaging characteristics of Fresnel lens, the self-collimation interferometry technique is used, and the 4D dynamic interferometer is used as the measuring instrument. The wavefront data of the spliced mirror are obtained by repeatedly adjusting the position of the interferometer and the plane reflector. The optical wavefront is 0.26 位, which basically accords with the Rayleigh criterion, which shows the feasibility of the proposed scheme of misalignment error detection.
【學位授予單位】：中國科學院大學(中國科學院光電技術研究所)
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TH751

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1 蘇金炎;菲涅爾透鏡拼接失調(diào)誤差分析與仿真[D];中國科學院大學(中國科學院光電技術研究所);2017年

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本文編號：1776928