發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-08 12:20

  本文選題：歷史街區(qū)更新　切入點(diǎn)：氣候適應(yīng)性設(shè)計(jì)　出處：《北京建筑大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：建筑與氣候有著密切的聯(lián)系,在建筑所面對(duì)的各種環(huán)境要素中,氣候要素起著主導(dǎo)作用,而建筑存在的首要目的是為了創(chuàng)造人工舒適環(huán)境并調(diào)節(jié)其與自然氣候之間的差異。在我國(guó)歷史街區(qū)更新中,新建建筑更多的是流于對(duì)形式的追求模仿或者破壞性的大拆大建以獲取商業(yè)利益。而常常忽略了傳統(tǒng)建筑氣候適應(yīng)性的傳承,造成大量的資源和能源消耗。本文以北京傳統(tǒng)四合院為研究對(duì)象,結(jié)合本人參加的前門(mén)東片區(qū)更新改造的工程實(shí)踐,探討傳統(tǒng)建筑的氣候適應(yīng)機(jī)理、特征與承襲方法。本研究通過(guò)實(shí)地調(diào)研與測(cè)量、文獻(xiàn)資料的解讀分析,建筑微氣候環(huán)境數(shù)字模擬分析的等方法,對(duì)四合院功能布局、庭院尺度大小、各功能用房的建筑層數(shù)、建筑坡屋頂?shù)钠露却笮∫约敖ㄖ饰鍌�(gè)方面進(jìn)行分析研究,初步得出一些設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)性的量化的結(jié)論。通過(guò)本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在四合院庭院功能布局方面,為使庭院內(nèi)部風(fēng)場(chǎng)平穩(wěn),宜將傳統(tǒng)四合院中的耳房空間轉(zhuǎn)變成正房空間的一部分。若選建一排廂房,建議修建西廂房。坐北朝南布置的正房,擁有絕佳的采光日照環(huán)境,最宜用來(lái)布置對(duì)光照要求高的功能空間。冬季院落周圍東北角和西南角的風(fēng)速大,對(duì)采暖保溫不利,應(yīng)做重點(diǎn)防風(fēng)處理。庭院尺度的改變,對(duì)于庭院內(nèi)的風(fēng)環(huán)境影響較大。庭院面寬進(jìn)深比宜接近1:1,這樣庭院內(nèi)風(fēng)環(huán)境較好。另外,正房與倒座房的高度比不同,對(duì)庭院內(nèi)風(fēng)場(chǎng)也有影響。建議區(qū)間為1.2~1.4。四合院建筑層數(shù)的改變,對(duì)于庭院內(nèi)部的光環(huán)境和風(fēng)環(huán)境影響較大,相較于傳統(tǒng)四合院一層布局,二層和二層以上的四合院庭院內(nèi)部風(fēng)速較大,對(duì)于北京地區(qū)冬季防風(fēng)保暖不利。層數(shù)增加,南側(cè)用房對(duì)庭院周邊功能空間產(chǎn)生遮擋。對(duì)于三層的四合院,二層各方面采光條件最好,但東廂房注意防眩光。建筑坡屋頂?shù)钠露葘?duì)于建筑保溫和太陽(yáng)能利用方面具有一定的意義,處于區(qū)間30°~45°為佳。另外,建筑色彩方面,在北京歷史街區(qū),灰色具有較大的熱吸收系數(shù),對(duì)于冬季保暖有利。宜采用與主色調(diào)一致的色彩,并適當(dāng)創(chuàng)新。最后通過(guò)對(duì)北京前門(mén)大街東片區(qū)B4/C2/C4地塊規(guī)劃與建筑方案模擬和優(yōu)化,得出結(jié)論。本研究可以為建筑師在歷史街區(qū)更新建筑實(shí)踐方案初期的節(jié)能設(shè)計(jì)提供一些依據(jù)和參考。
[Abstract]:Architecture and climate are closely linked, in various environmental factors faced by architecture, climate factors play a leading role, and the primary purpose of architecture is to create a comfortable environment and adjust the difference between artificial and natural climate in China. The renewal of the historic district, the new building is to be more formal the pursuit of imitation or destructive large demolition for commercial interests. And often neglect the traditional architecture of the climate adaptability of inheritance, resulting in a large number of resources and energy consumption. This paper takes Beijing traditional courtyard as the research object, combined with my own in the Qianmen East area renovation project practice, explore the traditional architecture of climate adaptation mechanism with the method, inherited characteristics. This study through the investigation and measurement, analysis of literature, the method of simulation analysis of construction of digital micro climate environment, courtyard The functional layout, courtyard size, the function space construction layer, analysis on the five aspects of building roof slope of the slope of the size and color of the building, draw some preliminary design guidance of quantitative conclusions. The study found that, in the courtyard layout function, in order to make the internal courtyard wind field should be smooth, part of the traditional courtyard in the penthouse space into a main space. If you choose to build a row of rooms, recommended the construction of West Wing. The south of the main layout has excellent lighting, sunlight environment, the most suitable for arrangement of the illumination function space requirements high. Winter wind speeds around the yard and the northeast corner of the southwest corner. On heating and heat preservation should be negative, focus on wind. The courtyard scale changes, the wind environment in the courtyard of influence. The courtyard wide deep into ratio should be close to 1:1, this courtyard wind environment better. In addition, Jeongbang and back seat room height ratio is different, also have an impact on the wind. Courtyard interval 1.2~1.4. courtyard building number change, in the courtyard of interior light environment and wind environment influence, compared with the traditional courtyard floor layout, two layer and two layer above the courtyard internal wind speed is larger, the Beijing area the winter warm wind is unfavorable. The number of layers increases with real occlusion. On the south side yard around functional space for three layers of the courtyard, the two layer of all aspects of the best lighting condition, but the real attention to anti glare. Building roof slope has a certain significance for building insulation and solar energy, is in the range of 30 DEG ~45 DEG better. In addition, the building color, in the historic district of Beijing, grey has larger heat absorption coefficient, the warm winter should adopt favorable. Consistent with the main tone color, and appropriate innovation. Then, through the simulation and optimization of the B4/C2/C4 block planning and building plan in the east section of Qianmen Street, Beijing, we conclude that this research can provide some references for architects in the early stage of energy saving design in the historic district renewal practice.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU984.114;TU119

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