本文選題：全息　切入點(diǎn)：非相干數(shù)字全息　出處：《鄭州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：全息術(shù)是利用干涉和衍射原理記錄并再現(xiàn)物體真實(shí)的三維信息的技術(shù)。隨著光電傳感器件以及計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,數(shù)字全息術(shù)得到了快速的發(fā)展。數(shù)字全息術(shù)與傳統(tǒng)全息術(shù)相比較具有制作成本低,成像速度快,記錄和再現(xiàn)靈活等特點(diǎn)。非相干數(shù)字全息所用的照明光源為非相干光,避免了因相干光帶來(lái)的散斑噪聲。近年來(lái),隨著國(guó)內(nèi)外研究人員的不斷努力,非相干數(shù)字全息已經(jīng)被成功應(yīng)用于顯微成像、光譜成像和望遠(yuǎn)成像等各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。本論文主要研究了基于邁克爾遜干涉儀的非相干數(shù)字全息顯微成像。以下是論文的主要內(nèi)容:(1)本論文首先對(duì)數(shù)字全息術(shù)和非相干全息術(shù)的發(fā)展進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)介紹。介紹了光全息的基本理論,推導(dǎo)了菲涅爾衍射積分。并且以基于邁克爾遜干涉儀的非相干數(shù)字全息光路為例,推導(dǎo)了基于邁克爾遜干涉儀的非相干數(shù)字全息系統(tǒng)的點(diǎn)擴(kuò)散函數(shù),討論了非相干數(shù)字全息圖的記錄方法和再現(xiàn)原理,同時(shí)對(duì)比了菲涅爾衍射重建算法、卷積衍射重建算法和角譜衍射重建算法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。并且介紹了非相干數(shù)字全息中消除零級(jí)像和孿生像的方法,特別介紹了三步相移技術(shù)和廣義三步相移技術(shù)。通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)得到分辨率板和鋼尺的全息圖以及再現(xiàn)像,充分證明該成像系統(tǒng)的可行性。(2)其次,搭建了基于邁克爾遜干涉儀的非相干數(shù)字顯微全息成像光路,對(duì)該系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的理論和實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。計(jì)算了該系統(tǒng)在記錄過(guò)程中的點(diǎn)擴(kuò)散函數(shù),獲得了系統(tǒng)橫向放大率及重建距離的具體表達(dá)式。利用CCD記錄全息圖,用廣義相移數(shù)字全息干涉術(shù)去除孿生像與零級(jí)像,并用角譜算法得到了清晰的重建像。實(shí)現(xiàn)了分辨率板和洋蔥表皮細(xì)胞等樣品的非相干全息顯微成像,驗(yàn)證了該顯微系統(tǒng)的可行性。分辨率板的成像實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,該系統(tǒng)的橫向分辨率可達(dá)512 lp/mm。微米潔面刷軟毛的成像實(shí)驗(yàn)表明該系統(tǒng)具有呈現(xiàn)微觀物體三維結(jié)構(gòu)的特性。(3)最后,介紹了壓縮傳感的基本理論和依據(jù),比較了幾種壓縮傳感恢復(fù)算法,并對(duì)Lena圖像進(jìn)行了重建。同時(shí)將壓縮傳感算法應(yīng)用于非相干數(shù)字全息技術(shù)中,對(duì)理想物體進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,獲得了理想物體的全息圖,并對(duì)利用菲涅爾衍射算法重建單幅同軸全息圖的重建像和壓縮傳感算法重建單幅同軸全息圖的重建像進(jìn)行了比較。
[Abstract]:Holography is a technique for recording and reproducing the true three-dimensional information of an object by means of interference and diffraction principles. With the development of photoelectric sensing devices and computer technology, Digital holography has been developed rapidly. Compared with traditional holography, digital holography has the advantages of low production cost, fast imaging speed, flexible recording and reproducing, etc. The illumination source used in incoherent digital holography is incoherent light. The speckle noise caused by coherent light is avoided. In recent years, with the continuous efforts of researchers at home and abroad, incoherent digital holography has been successfully applied to microscopic imaging. In this paper, we mainly study the incoherent digital holographic microscopic imaging based on Michelson interferometer. The following is the main content of this paper: 1) the first part of this thesis is digital holography and non-phase holography. The development of dry holography is introduced in detail. The basic theory of optical holography is introduced. The Fresnel diffraction integral is derived, and the point diffusion function of the incoherent digital holographic system based on Michelson interferometer is derived, taking the noncoherent digital holographic optical path based on Michelson interferometer as an example. The recording method and reproduction principle of incoherent digital holograms are discussed, and the Fresnel diffraction reconstruction algorithm is compared. The advantages and disadvantages of convolution diffraction reconstruction algorithm and angular spectrum diffraction reconstruction algorithm are discussed, and the methods of eliminating zero-order and twinning images in incoherent digital holography are introduced. The three-step phase-shifting technique and the generalized three-step phase-shifting technique are introduced in particular. The holograms and reconstructed images of the resolution plate and steel ruler are obtained by experiments, which fully prove the feasibility of the imaging system. The incoherent digital holographic imaging optical path based on Michelson interferometer is built, and the theoretical and experimental study of the system is carried out in detail. The point diffusion function of the system in the recording process is calculated. The expressions of the transverse magnification and the reconstruction distance of the system are obtained. Using the CCD recording hologram and the generalized phase-shifting digital holographic interferometry, the twinning image and the zero-order image are removed. The incoherent holographic imaging of the samples such as the resolution plate and onion epidermis cells is realized, and the feasibility of the system is verified. The imaging experiments of the resolution plate show that, The lateral resolution of the system can reach 512lp / mmm. the imaging experiment of micron clean face brush shows that the system has the characteristic of showing the three-dimensional structure of microscopic object. Finally, the basic theory and basis of compression sensing are introduced. Several compression sensor restoration algorithms are compared, and Lena images are reconstructed. At the same time, the compression sensing algorithm is applied to the incoherent digital holography, and the ideal object is numerically simulated, and the hologram of the ideal object is obtained. The reconstruction of a single coaxial hologram using Fresnel diffraction algorithm is compared with that of a single coaxial hologram reconstructed by a compression sensing algorithm.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：O438.1;TP391.41

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