本文選題：多星座多頻融合　切入點(diǎn)：病態(tài)性　出處：《東南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著GPS、BDS、GLONASS、Galileo全球四大衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)的不斷發(fā)展和完善,全球衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)進(jìn)入多星座多頻融合定位時(shí)代。多星座融合將有助于提高定位精度、可靠性,以及高遮擋、復(fù)雜環(huán)境下的可用性,而如何有效進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)融合,是實(shí)現(xiàn)多星座融合基線定位解算關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之一;多頻觀測(cè)值組合具有快速固定模糊度的特性,目前BDS是唯一全星座播發(fā)三頻信號(hào)的衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng),因此如何充分利用BDS三頻觀測(cè)值,建立附有BDS三頻約束的GNSS基線解算模型,實(shí)現(xiàn)GPS/GLONASS/Galileo組合模糊度快速固定,對(duì)于推廣我國(guó)BDS應(yīng)用具有重要意義。鑒于此,本文針對(duì)以上問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了研究,主要內(nèi)容與成果如下:1、詳細(xì)闡述了多星座多頻GNSS融合定位基礎(chǔ)理論。對(duì)GPS、BDS、GLONASS、Galileo坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)、時(shí)間系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析并且實(shí)現(xiàn)了四系統(tǒng)時(shí)空統(tǒng)一;以BDS為例介紹了多頻觀測(cè)值線性組合以及GNSS定位中常見(jiàn)的雙頻觀測(cè)值組合模型及其觀測(cè)值噪聲。2、GNSS多星座融合基線解算關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究。在對(duì)模型病態(tài)性介紹的基礎(chǔ)上,基于條件數(shù)法分析了基線解算模型病態(tài)性以及對(duì)模糊度解算的影響,基線解算中引入偽距觀測(cè)方程,顯著降低模型病態(tài)性加快模糊度收斂速度;針對(duì)短基線、中長(zhǎng)基線、長(zhǎng)基線不同特點(diǎn)以及CDMA信號(hào)衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)與FDMA信號(hào)衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)的差異,建立了適合于不同基線長(zhǎng)度的GPS/BDS/GLONASS/Galileo四系統(tǒng)融合基線解算模型;實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:雙系統(tǒng)、多系統(tǒng)融合定位精度優(yōu)于單系統(tǒng);短基線、中長(zhǎng)基線四系統(tǒng)定位相對(duì)于單GPS,在N、E、U 三個(gè)方向定位精度分別提高了 53.3%、60.0%、42.8%和 47.2%、38.2%、42.8%,在GPS/BDS/GLONASS三系統(tǒng)組合中,42km、61km兩組中長(zhǎng)基線的平面和高程定位精度均優(yōu)于2cm,119km、174km兩組長(zhǎng)基線平面定位精度優(yōu)于2cm,高程優(yōu)于4cm。3、附有BDS三頻約束基線解算模型研究。針對(duì)BDS超寬巷模糊度固定,提出超寬巷模糊度搜索方法,通過(guò)該方法提高超寬巷模糊度固定成功率;利用已經(jīng)固定的BDS模糊度,建立附有BDS三頻約束的GPS/GLONASS/Galileo基線解算模型;實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:對(duì)于短基線,采用約束模型Ratio值大于50為87.6%,而傳統(tǒng)基線解算模型不足10%,采用約束模型法方程條件數(shù)比傳統(tǒng)方法小2～4個(gè)數(shù)量級(jí),顯著減弱模型病態(tài)性,提高模糊度固定可靠性。4、GNSS多星座多頻融合基線解算軟件(GBSS)研發(fā)及測(cè)試。利用前述的理論算法成果,開(kāi)發(fā)了一套GPS/BDS/GLONASS/Galileo四系統(tǒng)融合基線解算軟件;利用多組數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,結(jié)果表明,不同長(zhǎng)度基線GBSS與GAMIT解算基線向量互差均小于1cm,單獨(dú)采用GBSS軟件對(duì)14901條基線進(jìn)行處理,N、E兩個(gè)方向定位精度優(yōu)于1cm分別占99.7%、96.9%,從而驗(yàn)證了軟件的可靠性與穩(wěn)定性。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development and perfection of GPS BDS GLONASS Galileo global four satellite navigation systems, the global satellite navigation system has entered the era of multi-constellation multi-frequency fusion positioning. Multi-constellation fusion will help to improve positioning accuracy, reliability, and high occlusion. Availability in complex environment, and how to effectively perform data fusion, is one of the key techniques to solve base-line positioning of multi-constellation fusion, and multi-frequency observation value combination has the characteristics of fast fixed ambiguity. At present, BDS is the only satellite system in which the three-frequency signal is broadcast in the whole constellation. Therefore, how to make full use of the BDS three-frequency observation value to establish the GNSS baseline solution model with BDS tri-frequency constraint, so as to realize the fast fixing of GPS/GLONASS/Galileo combination ambiguity. It is of great significance to popularize the application of BDS in China. In view of this, this paper studies the above problems, the main contents and results are as follows: 1, the basic theory of multi-constellation multi-frequency GNSS fusion positioning is elaborated in detail. The time system is compared and analyzed and the four systems are unified in time and space. Taking BDS as an example, this paper introduces the linear combination of multi-frequency observations and the common dual-frequency observation combination model in GNSS location, and the key technology of the baseline solution of the multi-constellation fusion baselines. Based on the introduction of the ill-condition of the model, the key technology of the base-line solution of the multi-constellation fusion is studied. Based on the conditional number method, the ill-condition of the baseline solution model and its influence on the ambiguity resolution are analyzed. The pseudo-range observation equation is introduced into the baseline solution, which can significantly reduce the ill-condition of the model and accelerate the convergence speed of ambiguity. Different characteristics of long baseline and the difference between CDMA signal satellite system and FDMA signal satellite system are used to establish a GPS/BDS/GLONASS/Galileo four-system fusion baseline solution model suitable for different baseline lengths. The accuracy of multi-system fusion positioning is better than that of single system. Relative to single GPS, the positioning accuracy of the middle and long baseline four system in three directions has been improved by 42.8% and 47.2% in the three directions, respectively, and 47.2% and 38.2%, respectively. The accuracy of plane and elevation positioning of the long baseline in the two groups of GPS/BDS/GLONASS system combination of 42 km / 61 km is better than that of 2cm 119km / 174km and 174km / s respectively. The positioning accuracy is better than 2 cm, the height is better than 4 cm. 3. The model of baseline solution with BDS tri-frequency constraint is studied. The ambiguity of BDS super-wide roadway is fixed. In this paper, a fuzzy searching method for ultra-wide roadway is proposed, by which the success rate of fixed ambiguity in ultra-wide roadway is improved, the GPS/GLONASS/Galileo baseline solution model with BDS tri-frequency constraint is established by using fixed BDS ambiguity, and the experimental results show that: for short baselines, The Ratio value of the constraint model is 87.6, while the traditional baseline solution model is less than 10. The conditional number of the constrained model equation is 2 ~ 4 orders of magnitude less than that of the traditional method, which significantly weakens the morbid property of the model. To improve the fixed reliability of ambiguity. 4% GNSS multi-constellation multi-frequency fusion baseline solution software (GBSS) is developed and tested. A GPS/BDS/GLONASS/Galileo four-system fusion baseline solution software is developed based on the theoretical and algorithmic results mentioned above, and the experimental results are verified by using multiple sets of data. The results show that the difference between GBSS and GAMIT solutions is less than 1 cm, and the accuracy of orientation of 14901 baselines is better than that of 1cm in two directions by using GBSS software. The reliability and stability of the software are verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P228.4

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