本文選題：景觀位置　切入點：植被　出處：《中國科學(xué)院武漢植物園》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：森林作為陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分,其面積占陸地總面積的30%,且森林土壤碳庫占陸地土壤碳庫的70%左右,因此,森林和土壤的微小變化都會對全球碳循環(huán)和碳庫動態(tài)產(chǎn)生重大影響。地形作為影響植被分布和土壤理化特征的重要因素,其對土壤有機碳的影響已經(jīng)受到廣泛關(guān)注。由于不同的地形所承載的水熱條件有所差異,使得在水文過程的作用下,土壤中的物質(zhì)循環(huán)和能量流動表現(xiàn)出一定的空間變異性,進而影響土壤性質(zhì)的變化。通過研究不同景觀位置上植被的分布狀況和土壤的理化特征,有助于我們了解土壤有機碳發(fā)生空間變異的影響因素,為改善森林土壤有機質(zhì)水平提供科學(xué)對策。此外,對不同景觀位置土壤有機碳組分的研究,對于預(yù)測分析全球氣候變化下森林土壤碳的動態(tài)變化具有一定指導(dǎo)意義。本研究選取了湖南省八大公山lha永久性樣地不同景觀位置(坡頂、坡中、坡底和溝谷)和土壤層次(0-10cm、10-20cm和20-40cm)的土壤為研究對象。在野外采樣調(diào)查和室內(nèi)分析的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合線性混合效應(yīng)模型分析了不同景觀位置土壤理化特征的差異,并采用偏最小二乘通徑分析探究影響土壤有機碳組分差異的因素。此外,通過室內(nèi)培養(yǎng)實驗探究不同景觀位置土壤有機碳穩(wěn)定性的差異。主要結(jié)果如下:坡頂位置相比于下坡位置具有更為良好的植被狀況,枯枝落葉層厚度和土壤根系生物量從坡頂?shù)綔瞎戎饾u下降。對于土壤基本理化性質(zhì)的探究發(fā)現(xiàn),土壤機械組成在不同坡位間差異不顯著,但溝谷石礫(2mm)的含量要顯著高于上坡位的石礫含量。而土壤pH值從坡頂?shù)綔瞎缺憩F(xiàn)為顯著升高的趨勢。土壤有機碳和總氮的含量在坡位間差異不顯著,但從坡頂?shù)綔瞎雀髯猿尸F(xiàn)出降低和升高的變化趨勢。土壤碳氮比從坡頂?shù)綔瞎瘸尸F(xiàn)出顯著降低的趨勢。此外,各變量在四個坡位之間的差異變化,主要發(fā)生在表層土壤。四個坡位之間土壤有機碳的含量并無顯著差異,但對土壤活性碳組分(土壤可溶性有機碳和非保護性顆粒有機碳)的分析發(fā)現(xiàn),二者均表現(xiàn)出了從坡頂?shù)綔瞎群匡@著降低的趨勢�；谄钚《送◤椒治龅慕Y(jié)果表明,相較于地形、植被、碳源輸入等因素的影響,表層DOC含量的變異主要是受土壤理化特征(pH、碳氮比、鐵鋁氧化物和沙粒含量)的直接控制,而中層DOC含量的變異主要是由表層DOC含量所引起的。此外,表層和中層POC含量在坡位之間的變化主要由土壤理化因素所控制,深層土壤POC在坡位間的變化則主要受上層POC含量影響。土壤有機碳的穩(wěn)定性僅在表層的坡位之間表現(xiàn)出了顯著差異,坡頂?shù)姆�(wěn)定性相對較低�；谄钚《嘶貧w分析的結(jié)果表明,0-10cm 土壤有機碳穩(wěn)定性主要受顆粒有機碳的影響,而10-20cm和20-40cm的土壤有機碳穩(wěn)定性則主要受土壤顆粒組成影響。
[Abstract]:As an important part of terrestrial ecosystem, forest accounts for 30% of the total land area, and forest soil carbon pool accounts for about 70% of terrestrial soil carbon pool. Small changes in forests and soils have a significant impact on the global carbon cycle and carbon pool dynamics. Topography is an important factor in the distribution of vegetation and the physical and chemical characteristics of soils. The effect of soil organic carbon (SOC) on soil organic carbon (SOC) has been widely concerned. Due to the difference of the water and heat conditions carried by different topography, the material circulation and energy flow in the soil show certain spatial variability under the action of hydrological process. By studying the distribution of vegetation and the physical and chemical characteristics of soil in different landscape locations, it is helpful for us to understand the influencing factors of spatial variation of soil organic carbon. In order to improve the level of organic matter in forest soil, scientific countermeasures were provided. In addition, the soil organic carbon components in different landscape locations were studied. It has certain guiding significance for predicting and analyzing the dynamic change of forest soil carbon under global climate change. In this study, we selected different landscape locations of lha permanent sample land in Badgongshan, Hunan Province (slope top, slope, slope, etc.). On the basis of field sampling and indoor analysis, the differences of soil physical and chemical characteristics in different landscape locations were analyzed with linear mixed effect model. Partial least square path analysis was used to explore the factors influencing the difference of soil organic carbon components. The differences of soil organic carbon (SOC) stability in different landscape locations were investigated through indoor cultivation experiments. The main results are as follows: the slope top position has a better vegetation condition than the downhill position. The thickness of litter layer and the biomass of soil root decreased gradually from the top of slope to the valley. The soil pH value increased significantly from the top of the slope to the valley, and the soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content were not significantly different between the slope position, the soil organic carbon content and the soil total nitrogen content were significantly higher than those in the upper slope position, while the soil pH value increased significantly from the top of the slope to the gully valley, and the soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content were not significantly different between the slopes. The soil C / N ratio decreased significantly from the top of the slope to the gully. In addition, the variation of each variable was different among the four slope positions, and the soil carbon and nitrogen ratio decreased significantly from the top of the slope to the valley. There was no significant difference in the content of soil organic carbon among the four slope sites, but the analysis of soil active carbon components (soil soluble organic carbon and unprotected particulate organic carbon) showed that, The results of partial least square path analysis show that, compared with terrain, vegetation, carbon source input and other factors, both of them show a tendency to decrease significantly from the top of the slope to the valley, and based on the results of partial least square path analysis, the results show that, compared with the factors such as topography, vegetation and carbon source input, The variation of surface DOC content is mainly controlled by the physical and chemical characteristics of soil pH, C / N ratio, iron and aluminum oxide and sand content), while the variation of DOC content in middle layer is mainly caused by surface DOC content. The changes of surface and middle POC contents between slope positions were mainly controlled by soil physical and chemical factors. The change of POC in the deep soil was mainly affected by the POC content in the upper layer, and the stability of soil organic carbon was significantly different from that of the topsoil. The results of partial least square regression analysis showed that the stability of soil organic carbon from 0 to 10 cm was mainly affected by particulate organic carbon, while that of 10-20cm and 20-40cm was mainly affected by soil particle composition.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院武漢植物園
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S714

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